Analysis of Lignin Aromatic Structure in Wood Based on the IR Spectrum

References

• Faix , O . 1992 . “ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. ” . In Methods in Lignin Chemistry , Edited by: Lin , S. Y. and Dence , C. W. 83 – 109 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura , I. and Higuchi , T. 1964 . Comparative Studies of Milled Wood Lignins from Different Taxonomical Origins by Infrared Spectroscopy; Chimie et Biochimie de la Lignine, de la Cellulose et des Hemicelluloses . Symp. Int. Grenoble , : 439 – 456 .
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura , I. and Higuchi , T. 1964 . Studies on the properties of lignins of plants in various taxonomical positions. II. On the I.R. absorption spectra of lignins . Mokuzai Gakkaishi , 10 : 200 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura , I. and Bland , D. E. 1967 . The lignins of Eucalyptus wood from tropical and temperate zones . Holzforschung , 21 ( 3 ) : 65 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawamura , I. , Shinoda , Y. and Nonomura , S. 1974 . The comparison of relative intensities of IR absorption-bands of MWL of various woods from tropical and temperate zones . Mokuzai Gakkaishi , 20 : 15 – 20 .
   Google Scholar
• Kawamura , I. , Shinoda , Y. , Ai , T. V. and Tananda , T. 1977 . Chemical properties of lignin of Erythrina wood . Mokuzai Gakkaishi , 23 : 400 – 404 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkanen , K. V. , Chang , H. M. and Erickson , B. 1967 . Species variation in lignins. I. Infrared spectra of guaiacyl and syringyl models . Tappi , 50 : 572 – 575 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkanen , K. V. , Chang , H. M. and Allan , G. G. 1967 . Species variation in lignins. II. Conifer lignins. . Tappi , 50 : 583 – 587 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarkanen , K. V. , Chang , H. M. and Allan , G. G. 1967 . Species variation in lignins. III. Hardwood lignins . Tappi , 50 : 587 – 590 .
   Google Scholar
• Faix , O. 1991 . Classification of lignins from different botanical origins by FT-IR spectroscopy . Holzforschung , 45 ( 1 ) : 21 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama , T. , Goto , H. , Nawawi , D. S. , Syafii , W. , Matsumoto , Y. and Meshitsuka , G. 2005 . Erythro/threo ratio of β-O-4-structures as an important structural characteristic of lignin. Part 4: Variation in the erythro/threo ratio in softwood and hardwood lignins and its relation to syringyl/guaiacyl ratio . Holzforschung , 59 ( 3 ) : 276 – 281 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto , Y. , Nawawi , D. S. , Syafii , W. , Akiyama , T. and Meshitsuka , G. How lignin changes its chemical structure depending on the mechanical circumstances. Proceedings of 2007 ISWFPC (International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry) . Durban , , South Africa Proceeding CD No. 161
   Google Scholar
• Tomoda , I. , Uchida , Y. , Nawawi , D. S. , Yokoyama , T. and Matsumoto , Y. Quantitative relationships between pulpability and lignin structure established for genus of eucalyptus and acacia. Proceedings of 2009 ISWFPC (International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry) . Oslo , , Norway Proceeding USB No. O-019
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Z. Z. , Meshitsuka , G. , Cho , N. S. and Nakano , J. 1981 . Characteristics of milled wood lignins isolated with different milling times . Mokuzai Gakkaishi , 27 : 671 – 677 .
   Google Scholar
• Ikeda , T. , Holtman , K. , Kadla , J. F. , Chang , H. M. and Jameel , H. 2002 . Studies on the effect of ball milling on lignin structure using a modified DFRC method . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 50 ( 1 ) : 129 – 135 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerra , A. , Filpponen , I. , Lucia , L. A. , Saquing , C. , Baumberger , S. and Argyropoulos , D. S. 2006 . Toward a better understanding of the lignin isolation process from wood . J. Agric. Food Chem. , 54 ( 16 ) : 5939 – 5947 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , C. L. 1992 . “ Nitrobenzene and cupric oxide oxidations ” . In Methods in Lignin Chemistry , Edited by: Lin , S. Y. and Dence , C. W. 301 – 321 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar