304
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

An In Situ Method to Measure and Map Bark pH

, , &

REFERENCES

  • Pfanz, H.; Aschan, G. The existence of bark and stem photosynthesis in woody plants and its significance for the overall carbon gain: An eco-physiological approach. In Progress in Botany, Volume 35; Esser, K.; Lüttge, U.; Kadereit, J.W.; Beyschlag, W., Eds.; Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, 2001; 477–510.
  • Gönczöl, J.; Révay, A. Species diversity of rainborne hyphomycete conidia from living trees. Fungal Divers. 2006, 22, 37–54.
  • Hauck, M. Epiphytic lichen diversity and forest dieback: The role of chemical site factors. Bryologist 2003, 106(2), 257–269.
  • Pypker, T.G.; Levia, D.F.; Staelens, J.; Van Stan, J.T. Canopy structure in relation to hydrological and biogeochemical fluxes. In Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry: Synthesis of Past Research and Future Directions, Ecological Studies Series, No. 216; Levia, D.F.; Carlyle-Moses, D.E.; Tanaka, T., Eds; Springer-Verlag: Heidelberg, 2011; 371–388.
  • Sridhar, K.R.; Karamchand, K.S. Diversity of water-borne fungi in stemflow and throughfall of tree canopies in India. Sydowia 2009, 61(2), 327–344.
  • Yarranton, G.A. An instrument for measuring the microrelief of bark. Can. J. Bot. 1967, 45(8), 1173–1178.
  • Smith, A.J.E. Epiphytes and epiliths. In Bryophyte Ecology; Smith, A.J.E., Ed; Chapman & Hall: London, 1982; 191–227.
  • Gustafsson, L.; Eriksson, I. Factors of importance for the epiphytic vegetation of aspen Populus tremula with special emphasis on bark chemistry and soil chemistry. J. Appl. Ecol. 1995, 32(2), 412–424.
  • Bates, J.W.; Bell, J.N.B.; Farmer, A.M. Epiphyte recolonization of oaks along a gradient of air-pollution in south-east England, 1979–90. Env. Pollut. 1990, 68(1–2), 81–99.
  • Farmer, A.M.; Bates, J.W.; Bell, J.N.B. A comparison of methods for the measurement of bark pH. Lichenologist 1990, 22(2), 191–194.
  • Farmer, A.M.; Bates, J.W.; Bell, J.N.B. Comparisons of three woodland sites in NW Britain differing in richness of the epiphytic Lobarion pulmonariae community and levels of wet acid deposition. Holarctic Ecol. 1991, 14(2), 85–91.
  • Bates, J.W. Influence of chemical and physical factors on Quercus and Fraxinus epiphytes at Loch Sunart, western Scotland: A multivariate analysis. J. Ecol. 1992, 80(1), 163–179.
  • Mitchell, R.J.; Truscot, A.M.; Leith, I.D.; Cape, J.N.; vanDijk, N.; Tang, Y.S.; Fowler, D.; Sutton, M.A. A study of the epiphytic communities of Atlantic oak woods along an atmospheric nitrogen deposition gradient. J. Ecol. 2005, 93(3), 482–492.
  • Everhart, S.E.; Keller, H.W.; Ely, J.S. Influence of bark pH on the occurrence and distribution of tree canopy myxomycete species. Mycologia 2008, 100(2), 191–204.
  • Levia, D.F.; Germer, S. A review of stemflow generation dynamics and stemflow-environment interactions. Rev. Geophys. 2015,
  • Barkman, J.J. Phytosociology and Ecology of Cryptogamic Epiphytes; Van Gorcum: Assen, 1958.
  • Shiklomanov, A.N.; Levia, D.F. Stemflow acid neutralization capacity in a broadleaved deciduous forest: The role of edge effects. Env. Pollut. 2014, 193, 45–53.
  • Hauck, M.; Otto, P.I.; Dittrich, S.; Jacob, M.; Bade, C.; Dörfler, I.; Leuschner, C. Small increase in sub-stratum pH causes the dieback of one of Europe's most common lichens, Lecanora conizaeoides. Ann. Bot. 2011, 108(2), 359–366.
  • Fritz, Ö.; Brunet, J.; Caldiz, M. Interacting effects of tree characteristics on the occurrence of rare epiphytes in a Swedish beech forest area. Bryologist 2009, 112(3), 488–505.
  • Nicklas, U.G. Nährstoffeintrag durch Bestandsniederschlag und Streufall in Kakao-Agroforstsystemen in Zentral-Sulawesi, Indonesien; Diplomarbeit: Göttingen, 2006.
  • Marschner, H. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants; Academic Press: London, 2002.
  • Römheld, V.; Müller, C.; Marschner, H. Localization and capacity of proton pumps in roots of intact sunflower plants. Plant Physiol. 1984, 76(3), 603–606.
  • Levia, D.F.; Frost, E.E. A review and evaluation of stemflow literature in the hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles of forested and agricultural ecosystems. J. Hydrol. 2003, 274(1–4), 1–29.
  • Legates, D.R.; Levia, D.F.; Van Stan, J.T.; Velasco, V.M. Using wavelet analysis to examine bark microrelief. Trees Struct. Funct. 2014, 28(2), 413–425.
  • Levia, D.F.; Van Stan, J.T.; Inamdar, S.P.; Jarvis, M.T.; Mitchell, M.J.; Mage, S.M.; Scheick, C.E.; McHale, P.J. Stemflow and dissolved organic carbon cycling: Temporal variability in concentration, flux, and UV-Vis spectral metrics in a temperate broadleaved deciduous forest in the eastern United States. Can. J. Forest Res. 2012, 42(1), 207–216.
  • LaGreca, S.; Stutzman, B.W. Distribution and ecology of Lecanora conizaeoides (Lecanoraceae) in eastern Massachusetts. Bryologist 2006, 109(3), 335–347.
  • Terashima, Y. Influence of stem rot pathogen Fomitiporia sp. on “Sanbu-sugi” cultivar of Japanese cedar Crytomeria japonica. J. Wood Sci. 2013, 59(1), 80–87.
  • Legrand, I.; Asta, J.; Goudard, Y. Variations in bark acidity and conductivity over the trunk length of silver fir and Norway spruce. Trees Struct. Funct. 1996, 11(1), 54–58.
  • Levia, D.F.; Wubbena, N.P. Vertical variation of bark water storage capacity of Pinus strobus L. (eastern white pine) in southern Illinois. Northeast Nat. 2006, 13(1), 131–137.
  • Levia, D.F.; Herwitz, S.R. Physical properties of stemflow water in relation to leachate dynamics: Implications for nutrient cycling. Can. J. For. Res. 2000, 30(4), 662–666.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.