Glycerol and Citric Acid Treatment of Lodgepole Pine

REFERENCES

• Freedonia Group inc. World Siding, Freedonia Focus Reports World Collection. Cleveland, Ohio, USA. 2015, p. 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, C.A.S. Wood Modification chemical thermal and other processes. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and sons, Ltd. 2006,
   Google Scholar
• Nicholas, D.D. Wood deterioration and its prevention by preservative treatments Volume 1: Degradation and protection of wood. Syracuse, NY: Darrel D. Nicholas Editors. 1973.
   Google Scholar
• Mohareb, A.; Sirmah, P.; Pétrissans, M.; Gérardin, P. Effect of heat treatment intensity on wood chemical composition and decay durability of Pinus patula. Eur. J. Wood and Wood Prod. 2012, 70(4), 519–524. doi:10.1007/s00107-011-0582-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, X.; Cai, Z.; Mou, Q.; Wu, Y.; Liu, Y. Effect of heat treatment on some physical properties of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) wood. Adv. Mat. Res. 2011, 197–198 90–95. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.197-198.90.
   Google Scholar
• Salla, J.; Pandey, K. K.; Prakash, G. K.; Mohadevan, K. M. Photobleaching and Dimensional Stability of Rubber Wood Esterified by Fatty Acid Chlorides. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2012, 32(2), 121–136. doi:10.1080/02773813.2011.624665.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiebaud, S.; Borredon, M. E.; Baziard, G.; Senocq, F. Properties of wood esterified by fatty-acid chlorides. Bioresource Technol. 1997, 59(2–3), 103–107. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(96)00160-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardea-Hernández, G.; Ibarra-Gomez, R.; Flores-Gallardo, S. G.; Hernandez-Escobar, C. A.; Perez-Romo, P.; Zaragoza-Contreras, E. A. Fast wood fiber esterification. I. Reaction with oxalic acid and cetyl alcohol. Carbohyd. Polym. 2008, 71(1), 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.05.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, B.; Zaidi, M. G. H.; Rathore, S.; Rai, A. K.; Thakur, I. S.; Sah, P. L. Optical, Morphological, Thermal, Mechanical, and Fungal Characterization of Wood Polymethyl Methacrylate Composites. Instrum. Sci. Technol. 2006, 34(1-2), 67–83. doi:10.1080/10739140500373908.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soulounganga, P.; Loubinoux, B.; Wozniak, E.; Lemor, A.; Gérardin, P. Improvement of wood properties by impregnation with polyglycerol methacrylate. Eur. J. Wood and Wood Prod. 2004, 62(4), 281–285. doi:10.1007/s00107-004-0485-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, Y.; Dong, Y.; Li, C.; Chen, H.; Zhang, S. Optimization of reaction parameters and characterization of glyoxal-treated poplar sapwood. Wood Sci Technol. 2015, 49(2), 241–256. doi:10.1007/s00226-014-0674-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghazali, H.; Yusoff, R. Effets of glycerol impregnation on compressive strength parallel to grain of acacia auriculiformis upon drying Born. Sci. 2011, 29, 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Despot, R.; Hasan, M.; Jug, M.; Sefc, B. Biological durability of wood modified by citric acid. Drvna industrija. 2008, 59(2), 55–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toussaint-Dauvergne, E.; Soulounganga, P.; Géraldin, P.; Loubinoux, B. Glycerol/Glyoxal: A New Boron Fixation System for Wood Preservation and Dimensional Stabilization. Holzforschung. 2000, 54, 123–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Essoua Essoua, G.G., Blanchet, P., Landry, V., Beauregard, R Maleic Anhydride Treated Wood: Effects of Drying Time and Esterification Temperature on Properties. Bioresources. 2015, 10(4), 6830–6860. doi:10.15376/biores.10.4.6830-6860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaboorani, A.; Riedl, B.; Blanchet, P. Ultrasonication Technique: A Method for Dispersing Nanoclay in Wood Adhesives. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2013, 1–9. doi:10.1155/2013/341897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landry, V.; Riedl, B.; Blanchet, P. Nanoclay dispersion effects on {UV} coatings curing. Prog. Org. Coat. 2008, 62(4), 400–408. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2008.02.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nkeuwa, W.N.; Riedl, B.; Landry, V. UV-cured clay/based nanocomposite topcoats for wood furniture: Part I: Morphological study, water vapor transmission rate and optical clarity. Prog. Org. Coat. 2014, 77(1), 1–11. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.03.021.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanjanzadeh, H.; Tabarsa, T.; Shakeri, A. Morphology, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polypropylene–wood flour composites with and without nanoclay. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 2012, 31(5), 341–350. doi:10.1177/0731684412438793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subasri, R.; Hima, H. Investigations on the use of nanoclay for generation of superhydrophobic coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2015, 264, 121–126. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.01.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leemon, N. F.; Ashaari, Z.; Anwar U., M. K.; Bakar, E. S.; Tahir, P. Md.; Ridzuan S., M. A.; Ghani, M. A.; Lee, S. H. Characterisation of phenolic resin and nanoclay admixture and its effect on impreg wood. Wood Sci Technol. 2015, 1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi, R. R.; Maji T. K. In situ polymerized wood polymer composite: effect of additives and nanoclay on the thermal, mechanical properties. Mater. Res. 2013, 16, 954–963. doi:10.1590/S1516-14392013005000071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman, R. Md; Hamdan, H.; Islam, Md. S.; Ahmed, A. S. Influence of Nanoclay/Phenol Formaldehyde Resin on Wood Polymer Nanocomposites. Journal of Applied Sciences. 2012, 12(14), 1481–1487. doi:10.3923/jas.2012.1481.1487.
   Google Scholar
• Essoua Essoua, G.G.; Blanchet, P., Landry, V.; Beauregard, R. Pine Wood Treated with a Citric Acid and Glycerol Mixture: Biomaterial Performance Improved by a Bio-byproduct. Bioresources. 2016, 11(2), 3049–3072. doi:10.15376/biores.11.2.3049-3072.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, X.; Pizzi, A.; Du, G. The effect of nanoclay on melamine-urea-formaldehyde wood adhesives. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol. 2012, 26, 1341–1348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agubra, V.; Owuor, P.; Hosur, M. Influence of Nanoclay Dispersion Methods on the Mechanical Behavior of E-Glass/Epoxy Nanocomposites. Nanomater. 2013, 3(3), 550. doi:10.3390/nano3030550.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halpern, J.M.; Urbanski, R.; Weinstock, A.K.; Iwig, D. F.; Mathers, R. T.; Von R., H. A. A Biodegradable Thermoset Polymer Made by Esterification of Citric Acid and Glycerol. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 2014, 102(5), 1467–1477. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.34821.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi, R.; Bi, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhu, A.; Chen, D.; Zhou, X.; Zhang, L.; Tian, W. The effect of citric acid on the structural properties and cytotoxicity of the polyvinyl alcohol/starch films when molding at high temperature. Carbohyd. Polym. 2008, 74(4), 763–770. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.04.045.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia, P. S.; Grossmann E, M. V.; Yamashita, F.; Mali, S.; Luiz Henrique Dall'Antonia, L. H.; Barreto, W. J. Citric acid as multifunctional agent in blowing films of starch/PBAT. Química Nova. 2011, 34, 1507–1510. doi:10.1590/S0100-40422011000900005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budhavaram, N.; Barone, J. Simple esters of crude glycerol and citric acid. ASABE Annual International Meeting. 2008, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Schiraldi, A. Kinetics of polymerization of epoxy adhesives and composites. Thermochim. Acta. 1985, 96(2), 283–297. doi:10.1016/0040-6031(85)80069-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holser, R. A. Thermal analysis of glycerol citrate/starch blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2008, 110(3), 1498–1501. doi:10.1002/app.27651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva, L.N.; Gonçalves, V. L. C.; Mota, C. J. A. Catalytic acetylation of glycerol with acetic anhydride. Cat. Commun. 2010, 11(12), 1036–1039. doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2010.05.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, L.; Al-Zaini, E.; Adesina, A. A. Catalytic characteristics and parameters optimization of the glycerol acetylation over solid acid catalysts. Fuel. 2013, 103, 617–625. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.05.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou, C. H.; Zhao, H.; Tong, D. S.; Wu, L. M.; Yu, W. H. Recent Advances in Catalytic Conversion of Glycerol. Catalysis Reviews. 2013, 55(4), 369–453. doi:10.1080/01614940.2013.816610.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, X.; Riedl, B.; Zhang, S. Y.; Wan, H. Effects of nanofillers on water resistance and dimensional stability of solid wood modified by melamine urea formaldehyde resin. Wood Fib. Sci., 2007, 39(2), 307–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai, X.; Riedl, B.; Zhang, S. Y.; Wan, H. The impact of the nature of nanofillers on the performance of wood polymer nanocomposites. Compos. Part A: Appl. Sci. 2008, 39(5), 727–737. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2008.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar