456
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluation of a Denuder-MOUDI-PUF Sampling System to Measure the Size Distribution of Semi-Volatile Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere

, , &
Pages 201-209 | Published online: 30 Nov 2010

References

  • Allen , J. O. , Dookeran , K. M. , Smith , K. A. , Sarofim , A. F. , Taghizadeh , K. and Lafleur , A. L. 1996 . Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with Size-Segregated Atmospheric Aerosols in Massachusetts . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 30 : 1023 – 1031 .
  • Arey , J. 1998 . “ Atmospheric Reactions of PAHs Including Formation of Nitroarenes ” . In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, PAHs and Related Compounds , Edited by: Neilson , A. H. vol. 3 , 347 – 385 . Berlin : Springer-Verlag . Part I,
  • Arey , J. , Atkinson , R. , Zielinska , B. and McElroy , P. A. 1989 . Diurnal Concentrations of Volatile Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Nitroarenes During a Photochemical Air Pollution Episode in Glendora, California . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 23 : 321 – 327 .
  • Arey , J. , Zielinska , B. , Atkinson , R. and Winer , A. M. 1987 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Nitroarene Concentrations in Ambient Air During a Wintertime High-NOx Episode in the Los Angeles Basin . Atmos. Environ. , 21 : 1437 – 1444 .
  • Chang , M. , Kim , S. and Sioutas , C. 1999 . Experimental Studies on Particle Impaction and Bounce: Effects of Substrate Design and Material . Atmos. Envinm. , 15 : 2313 – 2323 .
  • Chang , M. C. , Sioutas , C. , Fokkens , P. B. and Cassee , F. R. 2001 . Field Evaluation of a Mobile High-Capacity Particle Size Classifier (HCPSC) for Separate Collection of Coarse, Fine and Ultrafine Particles . J. Aerosol Sei. , 32 : 139 – 156 .
  • Gotham , W. E. and Bidleman , T. F. 1995 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Polychlorinated-Biphenyls in Air at an Urban and Rural Site Near Lake Michigan . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 2782 – 2789 .
  • Eiguren-Femandez , A. and Miguel , A. H. 2002 . Determination of SemiVolatile and Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in SRM 1649a and PM2.5 Samples by HPLC-Fluorescence . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , in press
  • Fraser , M. P. , Cass , G. R. , Simoneit , B. R. and Rasmussen , R. A. 1998 . Air Quality Model Evaluation Data for Organics. 5. C6-C22 Nonpolar and Semipolar Aromatic Compounds . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 1760 – 1770 .
  • Gundel , L. A. 1998 . “ Standard Operating Procedures for Coating Annular Denuders with XAD-4 Resin, for the US EPA Chemical Speciation Program, (PUB-3143) ” .
  • Gundel , L. A. and Lane , D. A. 1999 . Sorbent-Coated Diffusion Denuders for Direct Measurement of Gas/Particle Partitioning by Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds. In Advances in Environmental, Industrial and Process Control Technologies,vol. 2, Gas and Particle Partition Measurements of Atmospheric Organic Compounds , Edited by: Lane , D. A. vol. 2 , 287 – 332 . Newark : Gordon and Breach .
  • Gundel , L. A. , Lee , V. C. , Mahanama , K. R. R. , Stevens , R. K. and Daisey , J. M. 1995 . Direct Determination of the Phase Distributions of SemiVolatile Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Annular Denuders . Atmos. Environ. , 29 : 1719 – 1733 .
  • Gustafson , K. E. and Dickhut , R. M. 1994 . Molecular Diffiisivity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Air . J. Chem. Eng. Data , 39 : 286 – 289 .
  • Junge , C. E. 1977 . “ Basic Considerations about Trace Constituents in the Atmosphere as Related to the Fate of Global Pollutants ” . In Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water Environments , Edited by: Suffet , I. H. vol. 8 , 7 – 26 . New York : Wiley-lnterscience . Part I,
  • Kamens , R. M. , Guo , Z. , Fulcher , J. N. and Bell , D. A. 1988 . The Influence of Humidity, Sunlight, and Temperature on the Daytime Decay of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons on Atmospheric Soot Particles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 22 : 103 – 108 .
  • Kim , S. , Shen , S. , Zhu , Y. , Hinds , W. C. and Sioutas , C. 2002 . Size Distribution, Diurnal and Seasonal Trends of Ultrafine Particles in Source and Receptor Sites of the Los Angeles Basin . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 52 : 174 – 185 .
  • Kim , B. M. , Tefferra , S. and Zeldin , M. D. 2000 . Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 in the South Coast Air Basin of Southern California: Part I - Spatial Variations . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 50 : 2034 – 2044 .
  • Leotz-Gartziandia , E. , Tatry , V and Carlier , P. 2000 . Sampling and Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) and Oxygenated PAH in Diesel Exhaust and Ambient Air . Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds , 20 : 245 – 258 .
  • Lewtas , J. , Yanbo , P. , Derrick , B. , Reimer , S. , Eatough , D. J. and Gundel , L. A. 2001 . Comparison of Sampling Methods for Semi-Volatile Organic Carbon (SVOC) Associated with PM2.5: . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 34 : 9 – 22 .
  • Liang , C. , Pankow , J. F. , Odum , J. R. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1997 . Gas/Particle Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds to Model Inorganic, Organic, and Ambient Smog Aerosols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 : 3086 – 3092 .
  • Lohmann , R. X. , Harner , T. , Thomas , G. O. and Jones , K. C. 2000 . A Comparative Study of the Gas-Particle Partitioning of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PAHs . Environ. Set. Technol. , 34 : 4943 – 4951 .
  • Mader , B. T. and Pankow , J. F. 2001 . Gas/Solid Partitioning of Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SOCs) to Air Filters. 2. Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Quartz Fiber Filters . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 1217 – 1223 .
  • Marr , L. C. , Kirchstetter , T. W. , Harley , R. A. , Miguel , A. H. , Hering , S. V. and Hammond , S. K. 1999 . Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Motor Vehicle Fuels and Exhaust Emissions . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 33 : 3091 – 3099 .
  • McMurry , P. H. and Zhang , X.Q. 1989 . Size Distributions of Ambient Organic and Elemental Carbon . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 10 : 430 – 437 .
  • Miguel , A. H. , Kirchstetter , T. W. , Harley , R. A. and Hering , S. V. 1998 . On-Road Emissions of Participate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Black Carbon from Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 450 – 455 .
  • National Academy of Sciences . 1983 . Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Evaluation of Sources and Effects , Washington, D.C. : Committee of Pyrene and Selected Analogues .
  • Pandis , S. N. , Harley , R. A. , Cass , G. R. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1992 . Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Transport . Atmos. Environ. , 26 : 2269 – 2282 .
  • Pankow , J. F. 1987 . Review and Comparative Analysis of the Theories on Partitioning Between the Gas and Aerosol Particulate Phases in the Atmosphere . Atmos. Environ. , 21 : 2275 – 2283 .
  • Pankow , J. F. 1994 . An Adsorption Model of the Gas/Aerosol Partitioning Involved in the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol . Atmos. Environ. , 28 : 189 – 193 .
  • Peters , A. J. , Lane , D. A. , Gundel , L. A. , Northcott , G. L. and Jones , K. C. 2000 . A Comparison of High Volume and Diffusion Denuder Samplers for Measuring Semivolatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 5001 – 5006 .
  • Possanzini , M. , Febo , A. and Liberti , A. 1983 . New Design of a High-Performance Denuder for the Sampling of Atmospheric Pollutants . Atmos. Environ. , 17 : 2605 – 2610 .
  • Sasaki , J. , Aschmann , S. M. , Kwok , E. S. E. , Atkinson , R. and Arey , J. 1997 . Products of the Gas-Phase OH and NO3 Radical-Initiated Reactions of Naphthalene . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 31 : 3173 – 3179 .
  • Schnelle , J. , Wolf , K. , Frank , G. , Hietel , B. , Gebefugi , I. and Kettrup , A. 1996 . Particle Size-Dependent Concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons . Analyst. , 121 : 1301 – 1304 .
  • Schnelle-Kreis , J. , Gebefugi , I. , Welzl , G. , Jaensch , T. and Kettrup , A. 2001 . Occurrence of Particle-Associated Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Ambient Air of the City of Munich . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : S71 – S81 .
  • Singh , M. , Jaques , P. A. and Sioutas , C. 2002 . Size Distributions and Diurnal Characteristics of Particle-Bound Metals in Source and Receptor Sites of the Los Angeles Basin . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 1675 – 1689 .
  • Stockburger , L. and Gundel , L. A. 1999 . “ Protocol for Extraction of XAD-4 Coated Denuders for the US EPA Chemical Speciation Program (PUB-3144) ” .
  • Venkataraman , C. and Friedlander , S. K. 1994a . Size Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Elemental Carbon. 2. Ambient Measurements and Effects of Atmospheric Processes . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 563 – 572 .
  • Venkataraman , C. and Friedlander , S. K. 1994b . Source Resolution of Fine Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using a Receptor Model Modified for Reactivity . J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. , 44 : 1103 – 1108 .
  • Venkataraman , C. , Lyons , J. M. and Friedlander , S. K. 1994 . Size Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Elemental Carbon. 1. Sampling, Measurement Methods, and Source Characterization . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 28 : 555 – 562 .
  • Venkataraman , C. , Thomas , S. and Kulkarni , P. 1999 . Size Distributions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons-Gas/Particle Partitioning to Urban Aerosols . J. Aerosol Sci. , 30 : 759 – 770 .
  • Zhang , X. Q. and McMurry , P. H. 1991 . Theoretical Analysis of Evaporative Losses of Adsorbed or Absorbed Species During Atmospheric Aerosol Sampling . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 25 : 456 – 459 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.