Effect of Humidity on Constant Output and Breath Enhanced Nebulizer Designs When Tested in the EN 13544-1 EC Standard

References

• Clark , A. R. 1995 . The Use of Laser Diffraction for the Evaluation of the Aerosol Clouds Generated by Medical Nebulizers . Int. J. Pharm. , 115 : 69 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , J. H. , Stenton , S. C. , Beach , J. R. , Avery , A. J. , Walters , E. H. and Hendrick , D. J. 1990 . Jet and Ultrasonic Nebuliser Output: Use of a New Method for Direct Measurement of Aerosol Output . Thorax. , 45 : 728 – 732 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dennis , J. H. and Nerbrink , O. 2001 . New Nebulizer Technology, in Drug Delivery to the Lung , Edited by: Bisgaard , H. , O'Callahan , C. and Smaldone , G. Vol. 162 , New York : Marcel Dekker Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Perron , G. A. and Soderholm , S. C. 1990 . Estimation of the Times for Evaporation of Pure Water Droplets and for Stabilization of Salt Solution . J. Aerosol Sei. , 21 : 415 – 429 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perron , G. A. , Roth , C. , Busch , B. and Karg , E. 1997 . Estimation of the Size Distribution of Aerosols Produced by Jet Nebulisers as a Function of Time . J. Aerosol Sei. , 28 : 805 – 820 .
   Google Scholar
• Finlay , W. H. 1998 . Estimating the Type of Hygroscopic Behaviour Exhibited by Aqueous Aerosols . J. Aerosol Med. , 11 (4) : 221 – 229 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hinds , W. C. 1982 . Aerosol Technology , Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Ho , K. K. L. , Kellaway , I. W and Tredree , R. 1986 . Particle Size Analysis of Nebulized Aerosols Using Fraunhofer Laser Diffraction and Inertial Compaction Methods . J! of Farm. Pharmacol. , 38 (suppl) : 26
   Google Scholar
• Knoch , M. , Wunderlich , E. , Roth , C. and Gebhardt , J. 1994 . Output Characterization of Medical Nebulisers . J. Aerosol Sei. , 25 : S439 – 440 .
   Google Scholar
• Kwong , W. T. , Ho , S. L. and Coates , A. L. 2000 . Comparison of Nebulized Particle Size Distribution with Malvem Laser Diffraction Analyzer Versus Andersen Cascade Impactor and Low-flow Marple Personal Cascade Impactor . J. Aerosol Med. , 13 (4) : 303 – 314 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nerbrink , O. , Hansson , H. C. and Dahlbäck , M. 1994 . Why Do Medical Nebulisers Vary in Output Characteristics . J. Aerosol Med. , 7 : 259 – 276 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newman , S. P. , Fellow , P. G. D. and Clark , S. W. 1986 . Droplet Size Distributions of Nebulised Aerosols Used for Inhalation Therapy . Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas. , 7 : 139 – 146 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mercer , T. T. 1965 . Output Characteristics of Several Commercial Nebulizers . Ann. Allergy , 23 : 314 – 326 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phipps , P. R. and Gonda , I. 1990 . Droplets Produced by Medical Nebulisers--Some Factors Affecting Their Size and Solute Concentration . Chest. , 97 : 1327 – 1332 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prokop , R. M. , Finlay , W. H. , Stapleton , K. W and Zuberbuhler , P. 1995 . The Effect of Ambient Relative Humidity on Regional Doses Delivered by a Jet Nebulizer . J. Aerosol Med. , 8 (4) : 363 – 371 .
   Google Scholar
• Roth , C. and Gebhardt , J. 1996 . Inertial Classification of Droplets Produced by Medical Nebulisers . Part. Part. Syst. Charact. , 13 : 192 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smaldone , G. C. , Cruz-Rivera , M. and Nikander , K. 1998 . In Vitro Determination of Inhaled Mass and Particle Distribution for Budesonide Nebulizing Suspension . J. Aerosol Med. , 11 : 113 – 125 .
   Google Scholar
• Smye , S. W , Jollie , M. I. and Littelwood , J. M. 1991 . A Mathematical Model of Some Aspects of Jet Nebulizer Performance . Clin. Phys. Pysiol. Meas. , 12 : 289 – 300 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stapleton , K. W and Finlay , H. W. 1995 . Determining Solution Concentration Within Aerosol Droplets Output by Jet Nebulizers . J. Aerosol Set. , 26 (1) : 137 – 145 .
   Google Scholar
• Stapleton , K. W. and Finlay , H. W. 1998 . Errors in Characterizing Nebulized Particle Size Distributions with Cascade Impactors . J. Aerosol Med. , 11 : 80 – 83 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar