Automated Low-Pressure Carbonate Eluent Ion Chromatography System with Postsuppressor Carbon Dioxide Removal for the Analysis of Atmospheric Gases and Particles

REFERENCES

• Al-Horr , R. , Samanta , G. and Dasgupta , P. K. 2003 . A Continuous Analyzer for Soluble Anionic Constituents and Ammonium in Atmospheric Particulate Matter . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 37 : 5711 – 5720 . 1268[PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boring , C. B. , Poruthoor , S. K. and Dasgupta , P. K. 1999 . Wet Effluent Parallel Plate Diffusion Denuder Coupled Capillary Ion Chromatograph for the determination of Atmospheric Trace gases . Talanta , 48 : 675 – 684 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boring , C. B. , Al-Horr , R. , Genfa , Z. , Dasgupta , P. K. , Martin , M. W. and Smith , W. F. 2002 . Field Measurement of Acid Gases and Soluble Anions in Atmospheric Particulate Matter Using a Parallel Plate Wet Denuder and an Alternating Filter-Based Automated analysis system . Anal. Chem. , 74 : 1256 – 1268 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carlson , R. M. 1978 . Automated Separation and Conductimetric Determination of Ammonia and Dissolved Carbon Dioxide . Anal. Chem. , 50 : 1528 – 1531 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , R. M. Method and Apparatus for Determination of Volatile electrolytes . US Patent 4,206,299 . 1980 . June 24
   Google Scholar
• Clegg , S. L. , Brimblecombe , P. and Wexler , A. S. 1998 . A Thermodynamic Model of the System H-NH4-SO4-NO3-H2O at Tropospheric Temperatures . J. Phys. Chem. , 102A : 2137 – 2154 . See also http://mae.ucdavis.edu/wexler/aim.htm [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz , C. N. and Pandis , S. N. 1998 . The Effect of Organic Coatings on the Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activation of Inorganic Atmospheric Aerosol . J. Geophys. Res. , 103 : 13111 – 13123 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , P. K. 1993 . Automated Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gases: Diffusion-Based Collection and Analysis . ACS Adv. Chem. Ser. , 232 : 41 – 90 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , P. K. 2002 . “ Automated Diffusion-based Collection and Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gases ” . In Sampling and Sample Preparation Techniques for Field and Laboratory , Wilson and Wilson's Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Series Edited by: Pawliszyn , J. Vol. XXXVII , 97 – 160 . Elsevier . 2002
   Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , P. K. and Dong , S. 1986 . Solubility of Ammonia in Liquid Water and Generation of Trace Levels of Standard Gaseous Ammonia . Atmos. Environ. , 20 : 565 – 570 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , P. K. and Phillips , D. A. 1987 . A Diffusion Scrubber for The Collection of Gaseous Nitric Acid . Sep. Sci. Technol. , 22 : 1255 – 1267 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , P. K. and Poruthoor , S. K. 2002 . “ Automated Measurement of Atmospheric Particle Composition ” . In Sampling and Sample Preparation Techniques for Field and Laboratory , Wilson and Wilson's Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry Series Edited by: Pawliszyn , J. Vol. XXXVII , 161 – 276 . Elsevier . 2002
   Google Scholar
• De Santis , F. 1994 . Comment on Wet Effluent Denuder Coupled Liquid/Ion Chromatography Systems: Annular and Parallel Plate Denuder . Anal. Chem. , 66 : 3503 – 3504 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dockery , D. W. , Cunningham , J. , Damokosh , A. I. , Spengler , J. D. , Koutrakis , P. , Ware , J. H. , Raizenne , M. and Speizer , F. E. 1996 . Health Effects of Acid Aerosols on North American Children: Respiratory Symptoms . Environ. Health Perspect , 04 : 500 – 505 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Dockery , D. W. , Pope , C. A. , Xu , X. , Spengler , J. D. , Ware , J. H. , Fay , M. E. , Ferris , B. G. and Speizer , F. E. 1993 . An Association Between Air-Pollution and Mortality in 6 United States Cities . N. Engl. J. Med. , 329 : 1753 – 1759 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finlayson-Pitts , B. J. and Pitts , J. N. 2000 . Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Fish , B. R. 1971 . Diffusion Coefficient of Sulfur Dioxide in Air . Environ. Lett. , 2 : 13 – 21 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Frenzel , W. 1994 . Permeation Denuder for Sampling and Continuous Analysis of Gases Part 1. System Configuration, basic studies and application to atmospheric ammonia and sulfur-dioxide . Anal. Chim. Acta , 291 : 305 – 320 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Genfa , Z. F. , Slanina , S. , Boring , C. B. , Jongejan , P. A. C. and Dasgupta , P. K. 2003 . Continuous wet denuder measurements of atmospheric nitric and nitrous acids during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite . Atmos. Environ. , 37 ( 9–10 ) : 1351 – 1364 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Hand , J. L. , Kreidenweis , S. M. , Slusser , J. and Scott , G. 2004 . Comparisons of Aerosol Optical Properties Derived from Sun Photometry to Estimates Inferred from Surface Measurements in Big Bend National Park, Texas . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 6813 – 6821 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hering , S. V. and Stolzenburg , M. R. Integrated collection and vaporization particle chemistry monitoring . US Patent, 5,983,732 . 1999 . November, 1999
   Google Scholar
• Hering , S. V. , Lawson , D. R. , Allegrini , I. , Febo , A. , Perrino , C. , Possanzini , M. , Sickles , J. E. II , Anlauf , K. G. Wiebe , A. 1988 . The Nitric Acid Shootout: Field Comparision of Measurement Methods . Atmos. Environ. , 22 : 1519 – 1539 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , Z. , Harrison , R. M. , Allen , A. G. , James , J. D. , Tilling , R. M. and Yin , J. 2004 . Field Intercomparision of Filter Pack and Impactor Samplinf for Aerosol Nitrate, Ammonium and Sulfate at Coastal and Inland Sites . Atmos. Res. , 71 ( 3 ) : 315 – 232 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Johnston , M. V. 2000 . Sampling and Analysis of Individual Particles by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry . J. Mass Spectrom. , 35 : 585 – 595 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jongejan , P. A. C. , Bai , Y. , Veltkamp , A. C. , Wyers , G. P. and Slanina , J . 1997 . An automated field instrument for the determination of acidic gases in air . Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 66 : 241 – 251 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalberer , M. , Ammann , M. , Gäggeler , H. W. and Baltensperger , U. 1999 . Adsorption of NO2 on Carbon Aerosol Particles in the Low ppb Range . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 2815 – 2822 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck , L. and Wittmaack , K. 2005 . Laboratory Studies on The Retention of Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric Acid and Ammonia on Aerosol Filters . Atmos. Environ. , 39 ( 11 ) : 2157 – 2162 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kerminen , V. M. , Hillamo , R. , Teinila , K. , Pakkanen , T. , Allegrini , I. and Sparapani , R. 2001 . Ion balances of size-resolved tropospheric aerosol samples: implications for the acidity and atmospheric processing of aerosols . Atmos. Environ. , 35 ( 31 ) : 5255 – 5265 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Keuken , M. P. , Schoonebeek , C. A. M. , Wensveen-Louter , A. and Slanina , J. 1988 . Simultaneous Sampling of NH3, HNO3, HCl, SO2 and H2O2 in Ambient Air by a Wet Annular Denuder System . Atmos. Environ. , 22 ( 11 ) : 2541 – 2548 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Khlystov , A. , Wyers , G. P. and Slanina , J. 1995 . The Steam-jet Aerosol Collector . Atmos. Environ. , 29 : 2229 – 2234 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komazaki , Y. , Hamada , S. , Hashimoto , S. , Fujita , T. and Tanaka , S. 1999 . Development of an Automated and Continuous Measurement System by Using a Diffusion Scrubber Coupled to Ion Chromatograph for Monitoring trace acidic and Basic Gases (HCl, HNO3, SO2 and NH3) in the Atmosphere . Analyst , 124 : 1151 – 1157 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laden , F. , Neas , L. M. , Dockery , D. W. and Schwartz , J. 2000 . Association of Fine Particulate Matter from Different Sources with Daily Mortality in Six U.S. Cities . Environ. Health Perspect. , 108 : 941 – 947 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lake Michigan Air Director Consortium (LADCO) . 2002 . Regional Haze Newsletter Available at www.ladco.com; and www.ladco.org/rpo.htm
   Google Scholar
• Lee , Y. N. , Weber , R. , Ma , Y. L. , Orsini , D. , Maxwell-Meier , K. , Blake , D. , Meinardi , S. , Sachse , G. , Harward , C. , Chen , T. Y. , Thornton , D. , Tu , F. H. and Bandy , A. 2003 . Airborne Measurement of Inorganic Ionic Components of Fine Aerosol Particles Using the Particle-into-Liquid Sampler Coupled to Ion Chromatography Technique during ACE-Asia and TRACE-P . J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , 108 ( D23 ) : 8646 [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Li , Q. B. , Jiang , J. H. , Wu , D. L. , Read , W. G. , Livesey , N. J. , Waters , J. W. , Zhang , Y. S. , Wang , B. , Filipiak , M. J. , Davis , C. P. , Turquety , S. , Wu , S. L. , Park , R. J. , Yantosca , R. M. and Jacob , D. J. 2005 . Convective Outflow of South Asian pollution: A global CTM Simulation Compared with EOS MLS observations . Geophys. Res. Lett. , : 32 Art. No. L14826[CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Lightstone , J. M. , Onasch , T. B. , Imre , D. and Oatis , S. 2000 . Deliquescence, Efflorescence, and Water Activity in Ammonium Nitrate and Mixed Ammonium Nitrate/Succinic Acid Microparticles . J. Phys. Chem. , 104 : 9337 – 9346 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loflund , M. , Kasper-Giebl , A. , Tscherwenka , W. , Schmid , M. , Geibl , H. , Hitzenberger , R. , Reischl , G. and Puxbaum , H. 2001 . The Performance of a Gas and aerosol Monitoring System (GAMS) for the Determination of Acidic Water Soluble Organic and Inorganic Gases and Ammonia as well as Related Particles from the Atmosphere . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 2861 – 2869 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long , R. W. , Modey , W. K. , Smith , P. S. , Smith , R. , Merril , C. , Pratt , J. , Stubbs , A. , Eatough , N. L. , Eatough , D. J. , Malm , W. C. and Wilson , W. E. 2005 . One- and Three-hour PM2.5 Characterization, Speciation and Source Apportionment Using Continuous and Integrated Samplers . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 238 – 248 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurry , P. H. 2000 . A Review of Atmospheric Aerosol Measurements . Atmos. Environ. , 34 : 1959 – 1999 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moya , M. , Pandis , S. N. and Jacobson , M. Z. 2002 . Is the Size Distribution of Urban Aerosols Determined by Thermodynamic Equilibrium?: An Application to Southern California . Atmos. Environ. , 36 : 2349 – 2365 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) . 2005 . Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT model) back trajectories available at http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html
   Google Scholar
• Noble , C. A. and Prather , K. A. 2000 . Real-time Single Particle Mass Spectrometry: A Historical Review of a Quarter Century of the Chemical Analysis of Aerosols . Mass Spectrom. Rev. , 19 : 248 – 274 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuyama , K. , Kousaka , Y. and Motouchi , T. 1984 . Condensational Growth of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles in New Particle Size Magnifier . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 3 : 353 – 366 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oms , M. T. , Jonggejan , P. A. C. , Veltkamp , A. C. , Wayers , G. P. and Slanina , J. 1996 . Continuous Monitoring of Atmospheric HCl, HNO3, HNO2 and SO2 by Wet-annular Denuder Sampling with On-line Chromatographic Analysis . Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. , 62 : 207 – 218 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orsini , D. A. , Ma , Y. , Sullivan , A. , Sierau , B. , Baumann , K. and Weber , R. J. 2003 . Refinements to the Particle-into-Liquid sampler (PILS) for Ground and Airborne Measurements of Water Soluble Aerosol Composition . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 1243 – 1259 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parrish , D. D. and Fehsenfeld , F. C. 2000 . Methods for Gas-Pase Measurements of Ozone, Ozone Precursors and Aerosol Precursors . Atmos. Environ. , 34 : 1921 – 1957 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Pathak , R. K. and Chan , C. K. 2005 . Inter-Perticle Interactions in Sampling Artifacts of PM2.5 in Filter-Based Samplers . Atmos. Environ. , 39 ( 9 ) : 1597 – 1607 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Pope , C. A. , Burnett , R. T. , Thun , M. J. , Calle , E. E. , Krewski , D. , Ito , K. and Thurston , G. D. 2002 . Lung Cancer, Cardiopulmonery Mortality, and Long-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution . J. Am. Med. Assoc. , 287 : 1132 – 1141 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope , C. A. , Thun , M. J. , Namboodiri , M. M. , Dockery , D. W. , Evans , J. S. , Speizer , F. E. and Heath , C. W. 1995 . Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of U.S. Adults . Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. , 151 : 669 – 674 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rupprecht and Patashnick Co. Inc. (RPCO) . 2000 . Ambient Particulate Sulfate Monitor (8400S) Available at http://www.rpco.com/products/ambprod/amb8400s/index.htm http://www.rpco.com/products/ambprod/amb8400n/index.htm Ambient Particulate Nitrate Monitor (8400N), Available at
   Google Scholar
• Samet , J. , Dominici , F. , Curriero , F. , Coursac , I. and Zeger , S. 2000 . Fine particulate air Pollution and Mortality in 20 U.S. Cities, 1987–1994 . N. Engl. J. Med. , 343 : 1742 – 1749 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• San Martini , F. M. , West , J. J. , de Foy , B. , Molina , L. T. , Molina , M. J. , Sosa , G. and McRae , G. J. 2005 . Modeling Inorganic Aerosols and Their Responses to Changes in Precursors Concentration in Mexico City . J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. , 55 : 803 – 815 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarnat , J. A. , Brown , K. W. , Schwartz , J. , Coull , B. A. and Koutrakis , P. 2005 . Ambient gas Concentrations and Personal particulate Matter Exposures: Implications for Studying the Health Effects of Particles . Epidemiology , 16 : 385 – 395 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarnat , J. A. , Koutrakis , P. and Suh , H. H. 2000 . Assessing the Relationship between Personal Particulate and Gaseous Exposures of Senior Citizens Living in Baltimore Maryland . J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. , 50 : 1184 – 1198 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaap , M. , Spindler , G. , Schultz , M. , Acker , K. , Maenhaut , W. Berner , A. 2004 . Artefacts in the Sampling of Nitrate Studied in the “INTERCOMP” Campaigns of EUROTRAC-AEROSOL . Atmos. Environ. , 38 ( 38 ) : 6487 – 6496 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , P. K. and Dasgupta , P. K. 1993 . Wet Effluent Denuder Coupled Liquid/Ion Chromatography System. Annular and Parallel Plate Denuders . Anal. Chem. , 65 : 1234 – 1139 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Simon , P. K. and Dasgupta , P. K. 1995a . Continuous Automated Measurement of Gaseous Nitrous and Nitric Acids and Particulate Nitrite and Nitrate . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 1534 – 1541 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , P. K. and Dasgupta , P. K. 1995b . Continuous Automated Measurement of the Soluble Fraction of Atmospheric Particulate matter . Anal. Chem. , 67 : 71 – 78 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon , P. K. , Dasgupta , P. K. and Vecera , Z. 1991 . Wet Effluent Denuder Coupled Liquid/Ion Chromatography Systems . Anal. Chem. , 63 : 1237 – 1242 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipin , M. F. , Guazzotti , S. A. and Prather , K. A. 2003 . Recent Advances and Some Remaining Challenges in Analytical Chemistry of the Atmosphere . Anal. Chem. , 75 : 2929 – 2940 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Slanina , J. , ten Brink , H. M. , Otjes , R. P. , Even , A. , Jongejan , P. , Khlystov , A. , Waijers-Ypellan , A. , Hu , M. and Lu , Y. 2001 . The Continuous Analysis of Nitrate and Ammonium in Aerosols by the Steam Jet aerosol Collector (SJAC): Extension and Validation of the Methodology . Atmos. Environ. , 35 : 2319 – 2330 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slanina , J. and Wayers , G. P. 1994 . Monitoring of Atmospheric Components by Automatic Denuder Systems . Fres. J. Anal. Chem. , 350 : 467 – 473 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Song , C. H. , Ma , Y. , Orsini , D. , Kim , Y. P. and Weber , R. 2005 . An Investigation into the Ionic Chemical Composition and Mixing State of Biomass Burning Particles Recorded During TRACE-P P3B Flight#10 . J. Atmos. Chem. , 51 ( 1 ) : 43 – 64 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Stolzenburg , M. R. and Hering , S. V. 2000 . A Method for the Automated Measurement of Fine Particle Nitrate in the Atmosphere . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 907 – 914 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suess , D. T. and Prather , K. A. 1999 . Mass Spectrometry of Aerosols . Chem. Rev. , 99 : 3007 – 3035 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toda , K. 2004 . Trends in Atmospheric Trace Gas Measurement Instruments with Membrane-based gas Diffusion Scrubbers . Anal. Sci. , 20 : 19 – 27 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tolocka , M. P. , Lake , D. A. , Johnston , M. V. and Wexler , A. S. 2004 . Ultrafine Nitrate Particle events in Baltimore Observed by Real-time Single Particle Mass Spectrometry . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 3215 – 3223 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Tolocka , M. P. , Solomon , P. A. , Michell , W. , Gemmill , D. , Weiner , R. W. , Homolya , J. , Natarajan , S. and Vanderpool , R. W. 2001 . East vs West in the US: Chemical Characteristics of PM2.5 during the winter of 1999 . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 34 : 88 – 96 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trebs , I. , Metzger , S. , Meixner , F. X. , Helas , G. , Hoffer , A. , Rudich , Y. , Falkovich , A. , Moura , M. A. L. , Da Silva , R. J. , Artaxo , P. , Slanina , J. and Andreae , M. O. 2005 . The NH4 +-NO3 −-Cl−-SO4 2 −-H2O system and its gas phase precursors at a pasture site in the Amazon Basin: How relevant are mineral cations and soluble organic acids? . J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. , 110 (D07303)[CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ullah , S. M. R. , Adams , R. L. , Srinivasan , K. and Dasgupta , P. K. 2004 . Asymmetric Membrane Fiber-Based Carbon Dioxide Devices for Ion Chromatography . Anal. Chem. , 76 : 7084 – 7093 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 2004a . Fine Particle (PM2.5) Designations Available at http://www.epa.gov/pmdesignations/ http://www.epa.gov/region4/sesd/pm25/p2.htm Laboratory and Field Operations-PM2.5 available at
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 2004b . AirData: Access to Air pollution Data, Reports and Maps available at http://www.epa.gov/air/data/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Wyers , G. P. , Otjes , R. P. and Slanina , J. 1993 . A Continuous-flow Denuder System for the Measurement of Ambient Concentrations and Surface-exchange Fluxes of Ammonia . Atmos. Environ. , 27 : 2085 – 2090 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber , R. J. , Orsini , D. , Daun , Y. , Lee , Y. N. , Klotz , P. J. and Brechtel , F. 2001 . A Particle-into-Liquid Collector for Rapid Measurement of Aerosol Bulk Chemical Composition . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 35 : 718 – 727 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamada , E. , Funoki , S. , Abe , Y. , Umemura , S. , Yamaguchi , D. and Fuse , Y. 2005 . Size Distribution and Characteristics of Chemical Components in Ambient Particulate Matters . Anal. Sci. , 21 : 89 – 94 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wittig , A. E. , Takahama , S. , Khlystov , A. Y. , Pandis , S. N. , Hering , S. , Kirby , B. and Davidson , C. 2004 . Semi-continuous PM2.5 Inorganic Composition Measurements During the Pittsburg Air Quality Study . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 3201 – 3213 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar