An Inter-Comparison of Two Black Carbon Aerosol Instruments and a Semi-Continuous Elemental Carbon Instrument in the Urban Environment

REFERENCES

• Arnott , W. , Hamasha , K. , Moosmuller , H. , Sheridan , P. and Ogren , J. 2005 . Towards Aerosol Light-Absorption Measurements with a 7-Wavelength Aethalometer: Evaluation with a Photoacoustic Instrument and 3-Wavelength Nephelometer . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 17 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bae , M. , Schauer , J. , DeMinter , J. , Turner , J. , Smith , D. and Cary , R. 2004 . Validation of a Semi-Continuous Instrument for Elemental Carbon and Organic Carbon Using a Thermal-Optical Method . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 2885 – 2893 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond , T. , Anderson , T. and Campbell , D. 1999 . Calibration and Intercomparison of Filter-Based Measurements of Visible Light Absorption by Aerosols . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 30 : 582 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond , T. and Bergstrom , R. 2006 . Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 40 : 1 – 41 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , H. and Cass , G. 1998 . Source Contributions to Atmospheric Fine Carbon Particle Concentrations . Atmos. Environ. , 32 : 3805 – 3825 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen , A. , Rosen , H. and Novakov , T. 1984 . The Aethalometer—An Instrument for the Real-Time Measurement of Optical Absorption by Aerosol Particles . Sci. Total Environ. , 36 : 191 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hitzenberger , R. 1993 . Absorption-Measurements with an Integrating Plate Photometer Calibration and Error Analysis . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 18 : 70 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath , H. 1993 . Comparison of Measurements of Aerosol Optical-Absorption by Filter Collection and a Transmissometric Method . Atmos. Environ. , 27 : 319 – 325 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huebert , B. , Bates , T. , Russell , P. , Shi , G. , Kim , Y. , Kawamura , K. , Carmichael , G. and Nakajima , T. 2003 . An Overview of ACE-Asia: Strategies for Quantifying the Relationships Between Asian Aerosols and their Climatic Impacts . J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. , 108 ( D23 ) : 8633 doi: 10.1029/2003JD003550
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong , C. , Hopke , P. , Kim , E. and Lee , D. 2004 . The Comparison Between Thermal-Optical Transmittance Elemental Carbon and Aethalometer Black Carbon Measured at Multiple Monitoring Sites . Atmos. Environ. , 38 : 5193 – 5204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhlbusch , T. 1995 . Method for Determining Black Carbon in Residues of Vegetation Fires . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 2695 – 2702 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavanchy , V. , Gaggeler , H. , Nyeki , S. and Baltensperger , U. 1999 . Elemental Carbon (EC) and Black Carbon (BC) Measurements with a Thermal Method and an Aethalometer at the High-Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch . Atmos. Environ. , 33 : 2759 – 2769 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liousse , C. , Cachier , H. and Jennings , S. 1993 . Optical and Thermal Measurements of Black Carbon Aerosol Content in Different Environments—Variation of the Specific Attenuation Cross-Section, Sigma (σ) . Atmos. Environ. , 27 : 1203 – 1211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayol-Bracero , O. , Gabriel , R. , Andreae , M. , Kirchstetter , T. , Novakov , T. , Ogren , J. , Sheridan , P. and Streets , D. 2002 . Carbonaceous Aerosols Over the Indian Ocean During the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX): Chemical Characterization, Optical Properties, and Probable Sources . J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. , 107 ( D19 ) : 8030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold , A. , Kopp , C. and Niessner , R. 1997 . The Dependence of the Specific Attenuation Cross-Section on Black Carbon Mass Fraction and Particle Size . Atmos. Environ. , 31 : 661 – 672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold , A. and Niessner , R. 1995 . Method Comparison Study on Soot-Selective Techniques . Mikrochimica Acta , 117 : 215 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn , P. , Coffman , D. , Bates , T. , Welton , E. , Covert , D. , Miller , T. , Johnson , J. , Maria , S. , Russell , L. , Arimoto , R. , Carrico , C. , Rood , M. and Anderson , J. 2004 . Aerosol Optical Properties Measured on Board the Ronald H. Brown During ACE-Asia as a Function of Aerosol Chemical Composition and Source Region . J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. , 109 : D19501 doi: 10.1029/2003JD004010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer , J. , Mader , B. , Deminter , J. , Heidemann , G. , Bae , M. , Seinfeld , J. , Flagan , R. , Cary , R. , Smith , D. , Huebert , B. , Bertram , T. , Howell , S. , Kline , J. , Quinn , P. , Bates , T. , Turpin , B. , Lim , H. , Yu , J. , Yang , H. and Keywood , M. 2003a . ACE-Asia Intercomparison of a Thermal-Optical Method for the Determination of Particle-Phase Organic and Elemental Carbon . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 37 : 993 – 1001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer , J. , Rogge , W. , Hildemann , L. , Mazurek , M. and Cass , G. 1996 . Source Apportionment of Airborne Particulate Matter Using Organic Compounds as Tracers . Atmos. Environ. , 30 : 3837 – 3855 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schauer , J. J. , Mader , B. T. , Deminter , J. T. , Heidemann , G. , Bae , M. S. , Seinfeld , J. H. , Flagan , R. C. , Cary , R. A. , Smith , D. , Huebert , B. J. , Bertram , T. , Howell , S. , Kline , J. T. , Quinn , P. , Bates , T. , Turpin , B. , Lim , H. J. , Yu , J. Z. , Yang , H. and Keywood , M. D. 2003b . ACE-Asia Intercomparison of a Thermal-Optical Method for the Determination of Particle-Phase Organic and Elemental Carbon . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 37 : 993 – 1001 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnaiter , M. , Horvath , H. , Mohler , O. , Naumann , K. , Saathoff , H. and Schock , O. 2003 . UV-VIS-NIR Spectral Optical Properties of Soot and Soot-Containing Aerosols . J. Aerosol Sci. , 34 : 1421 – 1444 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnaiter , M. , Linke , C. , Mohler , O. , Naumann , K. , Saathoff , H. , Wagner , R. , Schurath , U. and Wehner , B. 2005 . Absorption Amplification of Black Carbon Internally Mixed with Secondary Organic Aerosol . J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. , 110 : D19204 doi: 1029/2005JD006046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma , S. , Brook , J. , Cachier , H. , Chow , J. , Gaudenzi , A. and Lu , G. 2002 . Light Absorption and Thermal Measurements of Black Carbon in Different Regions of Canada . J. Geophys. Res-Atmos. , 107 ( D24 ) doi:10.1029/2002JD002496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingartner , E. , Saathoff , H. , Schnaiter , M. , Streit , N. , Bitnar , B. and Baltensperger , U. 2003 . Absorption of Light by Soot Particles: Determination of the Absorption Coefficient by Means of Aethalometers . J. Aerosol Sci. , 34 : 1445 – 1463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar