1,661
Views
57
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Water Content and Phase Transitions in Particles of Inorganic and Organic Species and their Mixtures Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

&
Pages 269-280 | Received 09 Jul 2009, Accepted 05 Dec 2009, Published online: 17 Feb 2010

REFERENCES

  • Braban , C. F. and Abbatt , J. P. D. 2004 . A Study of the Phase Transition Behavior of Internally Mixed Ammonium Sulfate-Malonic Acid Aerosols . Atmo. Chem. Phys. , 4 : 1451 – 1459 .
  • Braban , C. F. , Carroll , M. F. , Styler , S. A. and Abbatt , J. P. D. 2003 . Phase Transitions of Malonic and Oxalic Acid Aerosols . J. Phy. Chem. A , 107 : 6594 – 6602 .
  • Chan , C. K. , Flagan , R. C. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1992 . Water Activities of NH4NO3/(NH4)2SO4 Solutions . Atmo. Env. Part A , 26 : 1661 – 1673 .
  • Chan , M. N. and Chan , C. K. 2005 . Mass Transfer Effects in Hygroscopic Measurements of Aerosol Particles . Atmo. Chem. Phys. , 5 : 2703 – 2712 .
  • Chan , M. N. , Kreidenweis , S. M. and Chan , C. K. 2008 . Measurements of the Hygroscopic and Deliquescence Properties of Organic Compounds of Different Solubilities in Water and Their Relationship with Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activities . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 3602 – 3608 .
  • Charlson , R. J. , Schwartz , S. E. , Hales , J. M. , Cess , R. D. , Coakley , J. A. , Hansen , J. E. and Hofmann , D. J. 1992 . Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols . Science , 255 : 423 – 430 .
  • Choi , M. Y. and Chan , C. K. 2002 . The Effects of Organic Species on the Hygroscopic Behaviors of Inorganic Aerosols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 36 : 2422 – 2428 .
  • Clegg , S. L. , Brimblecombe , P. and Wexler , A. S. 1998 . Thermodynamic Model of the System H+-NH4 +-SO4 2 −-NO3 −-H2O at Tropospheric Temperatures . J. Phy. Chem. A , 102 : 2137 – 2154 .
  • Clegg , S. L. , Pitzer , K. S. and Brimblecombe , P. 1992 . Thermodynamics of Multicomponent, Miscible, Ionic Solutions. II. Mixtures Including Unsymmetrical Electrolytes . J. Phys. Chem. , 96 : 9470 – 9479 .
  • Clegg , S. L. and Seinfeld , J. H. 2004 . Improvement of the Zdanovskii- Stokes-Robinson Model for Mixtures Containing Solutes of Different Charge Types . J. Phys. Chem. A , 108 : 1008 – 1017 .
  • Clegg , S. L. , Seinfeld , J. H. and Brimblecombe , P. 2001 . Thermodynamic Modelling of Aqueous Aerosols Containing Electrolytes and Dissolved Organic Compounds . J. Aerosol Sci. , 32 : 713 – 738 .
  • Cohen , M. D. , Flagan , R. C. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1987 . Studies of Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions Using the Electrodynamic Balance. 1. Water Activities for Single Electrolyte Solutions . J. Phy. Chem. , 91 : 4563 – 4574 .
  • Cziczo , D. J. and Abbatt , J. P. D. 2000 . Infrared Observations of the Response of NaCl, MgCl2, NH4HSO4, and NH4NO3 Aerosols to Changes in Relative Humidity from 298 to 238 K . J. Phy. Chem. A , 104 : 2038 – 2047 .
  • Cziczo , D. J. , Nowak , J. B. , Hu , J. H. and Abbatt , J. P. D. 1997 . Infrared Spectroscopy of Model Tropospheric Aerosols as a Function of Relative Humidity: Observation of Deliquescence and Crystallization . J. Geophys. Res. , 102 : 18843 – 18850 .
  • Dong , J. L. , Li , X. H. , Zhao , L. J. , Xiao , H. S. , Wang , F. , Guo , X. and Zhang , Y. H. 2007 . Raman Observation of the Interactions between NH4 +, SO4 2 −, and H2O in Supersaturated (NH4)2SO4 droplets . J. Phy. Chem. B , 111 : 12170 – 12176 .
  • Dougle , P. G. , Veefkind , J. P. and ten Brink , H. M. 1998 . Crystallisation of Mixtures of Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Sulphate and Soot . J. Aerosol Sci. , 29 : 375 – 386 .
  • Forster , P. , Ramaswamy , V. , Artaxo , P. , Berntsen , T. B. R. , Fahey , D. W. , Haywood , J. , Lean , J. , Lowe , D. C. , Myhre , G. , Nganga , J. , Prinn , R. , Raga , G. , Schulz , M. and Van Dorland , R. 2007 . “ Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing ” . In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Edited by: Solomon , S. , Qin , D. , Manning , M. , Chen , Z. , Marquis , M. , Averyt , K. B. , Tignor , M. and Miller , H. L. 129 – 234 . New York
  • Fung , K. H. and Tang , I. N. 1988 . Raman Scattering from Single Solution Droplets . Appl. Opt. , 27 : 206 – 208 .
  • Haywood , J. and Boucher , O. 2000 . Estimates of the Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing due to Tropospheric Aerosols: A Review . Rev. Geophys. , 38 : 513 – 543 .
  • Herrmann , H. 2003 . Kinetics of Aqueous Phase Reactions Relevant for Atmospheric Chemistry . Chem. Rev. , 103 : 4691 – 4716 .
  • Horvath , H. 1993 . Atmospheric Light Absorption—A Review . Atmo. Env. Part A , 27 : 293 – 317 .
  • Jordanov , N. and Zellner , R. 2006 . Investigations of the Hygroscopic Properties of Ammonium Sulfate and Mixed Ammonium Sulfate and Glutaric Acid Micro Droplets by Means of Optical Levitation and Raman Spectroscopy . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 8 : 2759 – 2764 .
  • Kaufman , Y. J. , Tanre , D. and Boucher , O. 2002 . A Satellite View of Aerosols in the Climate System . Nature , 419 : 215 – 223 .
  • Kreidenweis , S. M. , Koehler , K. , DeMott , P. J. , Prenni , A. J. , Carrico , C. and Ervens , B. 2005 . Water Activity and Activation Diameters from Hygroscopicity Data—Part I: Theory and Application to Inorganic Salts . Atmo. Chem. Phys. , 5 : 1357 – 1370 .
  • Lee , A. K. Y. , Ling , T. Y. and Chan , C. K. 2008 . Understanding Hygroscopic Growth and Phase Transformation of Aerosols Using Single Particle Raman Spectroscopy in an Electrodynamic Balance . Faraday Discuss. , 137 : 245 – 263 .
  • Li , X. H. , Wang , F. , Lu , P. D. , Dong , J. L. , Wang , L. Y. and Zhang , Y. H. 2006 . Confocal Raman Observation of the Efflorescence/Deliquescence Processes of Individual NaNO3 Particles on Qartz . J. Phy. Chem. B , 110 : 24993 – 24998 .
  • Lightstone , J. M. , Onasch , T. B. , Imre , D. and Oatis , S. 2000 . Deliquescence, Efflorescence, and Water Activity in Ammonium Nitrate and Mixed Ammonium Nitrate/Succinic Acid Microparticles . J. Phy. Chem. A , 104 : 9337 – 9346 .
  • Ling , T. Y. and Chan , C. K. 2008 . Partial Crystallization and Deliquescence of Particles Containing Ammonium Sulfate and Dicarboxylic Acids . J. Geophys. Res. , 113 : D14205 doi:10.1029/2008JD009779
  • Liu , Y. J. , Zhu , T. , Zhao , D. F. and Zhang , Z. F. 2008a . Investigation of the Hygroscopic Properties of Ca(NO3)2 and Internally Mixed Ca(NO3)2/CaCO3 Particles by Micro-Raman Spectrometry . Atmo. Chem. Phys. , 8 : 7205 – 7215 .
  • Liu , Y. , Yang , Z. , Desyaterik , Y. , Gassman , P. L. , Wang , H. and Laskin , A. 2008b . Hygroscopic Behavior of Substrate-Deposited Particles Studied by Micro-FT-IR Spectroscopy and Complementary Methods of Particle Analysis . Anal. Chem. , 80 : 633 – 642 .
  • Martin , S. T. 2000 . Phase Transitions of Aqueous Atmospheric Particles . Chem. Rev. , 100 : 3403 – 3453 .
  • McMurry , P. H. and Stolzenburg , M. R. 1989 . On the Sensitivity of Particle Size to Relative Humidity for Los Angeles Aerosols . Atmo. Env. , 23 : 497 – 507 .
  • Musick , J. , Popp , J. and Kiefer , W. 2000 . Observation of a Phase Transition in an Electrodynamically Levitated NH4NO3 Microparticle by Mie and Raman Scattering . J. Raman Spectrosc. , 31 : 217 – 219 .
  • Nemesure , S. , Wagener , R. and Schwartz , S. E. 1995 . Direct Shortwave Forcing of Climate by the Anthropogenic Sulfate Aerosol: Sensitivity to Particle Size, Composition, and Relative Humidity . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 : 26105 – 26116 .
  • Novakov , T. and Penner , J. E. 1993 . Large Contribution of Organic Aerosols to Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations . Nature , 365 : 823 – 826 .
  • Onasch , T. B. , Siefert , R. L. , Brooks , S. D. , Prenni , A. J. , Murray , B. , Wilson , M. A. and Tolbert , M. A. 1999 . Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Deliquescence and Efflorescence of Ammonium Sulfate Aerosol as a Function of Temperature . J. Geophys. Res. , 104 : 21317 – 21326 .
  • Pant , A. , Fok , A. , Parsons , M. T. , Mak , J. and Bertram , A. K. 2004 . Deliquescence and Crystallization of Ammonium Sulfate-Glutaric Acid and Sodium Chloride-Glutaric Acid Particles . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 31 : L12111 doi:10.1029/2004GL020025
  • Parsons , M. T. , Knopf , D. A. and Bertram , A. K. 2004 . Deliquescence and Crystallization of Ammonium Sulfate Particles Internally Mixed with Water–Soluble Organic Compounds . J. Phy. Chem. A , 108 : 11600 – 11608 .
  • Peng , C. , Chan , M. N. and Chan , C. K. 2001 . The Hygroscopic Properties of Dicarboxylic and Multifunctional Acids: Measurements and UNIFAC Predictions . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 4495 – 4501 .
  • Penner , J. E. , Andreae , M. , Annegarn , H. , Barrie , L. , Feichter , J. , Hegg , D. , Jayaraman , A. , Leaitch , R. , Murphy , D. , Nganga , J. and Pitari , G. 2001 . “ Aerosols, Their Direct and Indirect Effects ” . In Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Edited by: Houghton , J. T. , Ding , Y. , Griggs , D. J. , Noguer , M. , van der Linden , P. J. , Dai , X. , Maskell , K. and Johnson , C. A. 289 – 348 . New York
  • Pilinis , C. , Pandis , S. N. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1995 . Sensitivity of Direct Climate Forcing by Atmospheric Aerosols to Aerosols Size and Composition . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 : 18739 – 18754 .
  • Prenni , A. J. , De Mott , P. J. and Kreidenweis , S. M. 2003 . Water Uptake of Internally Mixed Particles Containing Ammonium Sulfate and Dicarboxylic Acids . Atmo. Env. , 37 : 4243 – 4251 .
  • Richardson , C. B. and Spann , J. F. 1984 . Measurement of the Water Cycle in a Levitated Ammonium Sulfate Particle . J. Aerosol Sci. , 15 : 563 – 571 .
  • Rogge , W. F. , Mazurek , M. A. , Hildemann , L. M. , Cass , G. R. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 1993 . Quantification of Urban Organic Aerosols at a Molecular Level Identification, Abundance and Seasonal Variation, 1309–1330 . Atmo. Env. Part A , 27 : 1309 – 1330 .
  • Saxena , P. and Hildemann , L. M. 1996 . Water-Soluble Organics in Atmospheric Particles: A Critical Review of the Literature and Application of Thermodynamics to Identify Candidate Compounds . J. Atmo. Chem. , 24 : 57 – 109 .
  • Saxena , P. , Hildemann , L. M. , McMurry , P. H. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1995 . Organics Alter Hygroscopic Behavior of Atmospheric Particles . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 : 18755 – 18770 .
  • Schlenker , J. C. , Malinowski , A. , Martin , S. T. , Hung , H. -M. and Rudich , Y. 2004 . Crystals Formed at 293 K by Aqueous Sulfate-Nitrate-Ammonium-Proton Aerosol Particles . J. Phy. Chem. A , 108 : 9375 – 9383 .
  • Seinfeld , J. H. and Pandis , S. N. 2006 . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change , New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Socrates , G. 2001 . Infrared and Raman Charactristic Group Frequencies: Tables and Charts , Chichester : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Stokes , R. H. and Robinson , R. A. 1966 . Interactions in Aqueous Nonelectrolyte Solutions. I. Solute-Solvent Equilibria . J. Phys. Chem. , 70 : 2126 – 2130 .
  • Svenningsson , B. , Hansson , H. C. , Martinsson , B. , Wiedensohler , A. , Swietlicki , E. , Cederfelt , S. I. , Wendisch , M. , Bower , K. N. , Choularton , T. W. and Colvile , R. N. 1997 . Cloud Droplet Nucleation Scavenging in Relation to the Size and Hygroscopic Behaviour of Aerosol Particles . Atmo. Env. , 31 : 2463 – 2475 .
  • Swietlicki , E. , Hansson , H. C. , Hameri , K. , Svenningsson , B. , Massling , A. , McFiggans , G. , McMurry , P. H. , Petaja , T. , Tunved , P. , Gysel , M. , Topping , D. , Weingartner , E. , Baltensperger , U. , Rissler , J. , Wiedensohler , A. and Kulmala , M. 2008 . Hygroscopic Properties of Submicrometer Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments in Various Environments—A Review . Tellus Series B , 60 : 432 – 469 .
  • Tang , I. N. 1996 . Chemical and Size Effects of Hygroscopic Aerosols on Light Scattering Coefficients . J. Geophys. Res. , 101 : 19245 – 19250 .
  • Tang , I. N. , Fung , K. H. , Imre , D. G. and Munkelwitz , H. R. 1995 . Phase Transformation and Metastability of Hygroscopic Microparticles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 23 : 443 – 453 .
  • Wang , F. , Zhang , Y. H. , Li , S. H. , Wang , L. Y. and Zhao , L. J. 2005 . A Strategy for Single Supersaturated Droplet Analysis: Confocal Raman Investigations on the Complicated Hygroscopic Properties of Individual MgSO4 Droplets on the Quartz Substrate . Anal. Chem. , 77 : 7148 – 7155 .
  • Wu , H. B. and Chan , C. K. 2008 . Effects of Potassium Nitrate on the Solid Phase Transitions of Ammonium Nitrate Particles . Atmo. Env. , 42 : 313 – 322 .
  • Yeung , M. C. Y. L. A. K. and Chan , C. K. 2009 . Phase Transition and Hygroscopic Properties of Internally Mixed Ammonium Sulfate and Adipic Acid (AS-AA) Particles by Optical Microscopic Imaging and Raman Spectroscopy . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 43 : 387 – 399 .
  • Zappoli , S. , Andracchio , A. , Fuzzi , S. , Facchini , M. C. , Gelencser , A. , Kiss , G. , Krivacsy , Z. , Molnar , A. , Meszaros , E. , Hansson , H. C. , Rosman , K. and Zebuhr , Y. 1999 . Inorganic, Organic and Macromolecular Components of Fine Aerosol in Different Areas of Europe in Relation to Their Water Solubility . Atmo. Env. , 33 : 2733 – 2743 .
  • Zardini , A. A. , Sjogren , S. , Marcolli , C. , Krieger , U. K. , Gysel , M. , Weingartner , E. , Baltensperger , U. and Peter , T. 2008 . A Combined Particle Trap/HTDMA Hygroscopicity Study of Mixed Inorganic/Organic Aerosol Particles . Atmo. Chem. Phys. , 8 : 5589 – 5601 .
  • Zhang , Y. H. and Chan , C. K. 2002 . Understanding the Hygroscopic Properties of Supersaturated Droplets of Metal and Ammonium Sulfate Solutions Using Raman Spectroscopy . J. Phy. Chem. A , 106 : 285 – 292 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.