Optical Properties and Associated Hygroscopicity of Clay Aerosols

REFERENCES

• Atkinson , D. B. 2003 . Solving Chemical Problems of Environmental Importance Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy . Analyst , 128 : 117 – 125 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer , S. E. , Balkanski , Y. , Schulz , M. , Hauglustaine , D. A. and Dentener , F. 2004 . Global Modeling of Heterogeneous Chemistry on Mineral Aerosol Surfaces: Influence on Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry and Comparison to Observations . J. Geophys. Res. , 109 : D02304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baynard , T. , Lovejoy , E. R. , Pettersson , A. , Brown , S. S. , Lack , D. Osthoff , H. 2007 . Design and Application of a Pulsed Cavity Ring-Down Aerosol Extinction Spectrometer for Field Measurements . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 41 : 447 – 462 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biscaye , P. E. , Grousset , F. E. , Revel , M. , Van der Gaast , S. , Zielinski , G. A. Vaars , A. 1997 . Asian Provenance of Glacial Dust (Stage 2) in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 Ice Core, Summit, Greenland . J. Geophys. Res. , 102 ( C12 ) 26765–26781
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohren , C. F. and Huffman , D. R. 2004 . Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , Weinheim, , Germany : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH .
   Google Scholar
• Caquineau , S. , Gaudichet , A. , Gomes , L. and Legrand , M. 2002 . Mineralogy of Saharan Dust Transported Over Northwestern Tropical Atlantic Ocean in Relation to Source Regions . J. Geophys. Res. , 107 : D154251
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caquineau , S. , Gaudichet , A. , Gomes , L. , Magonthier , M. and Chatenet , B. 1998 . Saharan Dust: Clay Ratio as a Relevant Tracer to Assess the Origin of Soil-Derived Aerosols . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 25 : 983 – 986 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson , T. N. and Benjamin , S. G. 1980 . Radiative Heating Rates for Saharan Dust . J. Atmos. Sci. , 37 : 193 – 213 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cases , J. M. , Berend , I. , Besson , G. , Francois , M. , Uriot , J. P. Thomas , F. 1992 . Mechanism of Adsorption and Desorption of Water Vapor by Homoionic Montmorillonite. 1. The Sodium-Exchanged Form . Langmuir , 8 : 2730 – 2739 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chylek , P. and Wong , J. 1995 . Effect of Absorbing Aerosols on Global Radiation Budget . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 22 : 929 – 931 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , D. B. , Meland , B. , Aycibin , M. , Arnold , N. P. , Grassian , V. H. Young , M. A. 2008 . A Laboratory Investigation of Light Scattering from Representative Components of Mineral Dust Aerosol at a Wavelength of 550 nm . J. Geophys. Res. , 113 : D08210
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cwiertny , D. M. , Young , M. A. and Grassian , V. H. 2008 . Chemistry and Photochemistry of Mineral Dust Aerosol . Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. , 59 : 27 – 51 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMott , P. J. , Sassen , K. , Poellot , M. R. , Baumgardner , D. , Rogers , D. C. Brooks , S. D. 2003 . African Dust Aerosols as Atmospheric Ice Nuclei . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 30 : 1732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duce , R. A. 1995 . “ Sources, Distributions, and Fluxes of Mineral Aerosols and Their Relationship to Climate ” . In Dahlem Workshop on Aerosol Forcing of Climate , Edited by: Charlson , R. J. and Heintzenberg , J. 43 – 72 . Chichester, , UK : John Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Duce , R. A. and Tindale , N. W. 1991 . Atmospheric Transport of Iron and Its Deposition in the Ocean . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 36 : 1715 – 1726 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan , W. G. and Hilgeman , T. W. 1979 . Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Materials: Applications to Geology, Astronomy, Chemistry, and Engineering , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Evan , A. T. and Mukhopadhyay , S. 2010 . African Dust over the Northern Tropical Atlantic: 1955–2008 . J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , 49 : 2213 – 2229 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falkovich , A. H. , Schkolnik , G. , Ganor , E. and Rudich , Y. 2004 . Adsorption of Organic Compounds Pertinent to Urban Environments onto Mineral Dust Particles . J. Geophys. Res. , 109 : D02208
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman , M. A. , Hasenkopf , C. A. , Beaver , M. R. and Tolbert , M. A. 2009 . Optical Properties of Internally Mixed Aerosol Particles Composed of Dicarboxylic Acids and Ammonium Sulfate . J. Phys. Chem. A , 113 : 13584 – 13592 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , K. A. , Malm , W. C. and Kreidenweis , S. M. 1999 . Effects of Mixing on Extinction by Carbonaceous Particles . J. Geophys. Res. , 104 : 15941 – 15954 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland , R. M. , Ravishankara , A. R. , Lovejoy , E. R. , Tolbert , M. A. and Baynard , T. 2007 . Parameterization for the Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Extinction: Organic-Ammonium Sulfate Aerosol . J. Geophys. Res. , 112 : D19303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grousset , F. E. , Ginoux , P. , Bory , A. and Biscaye , P. E. 2003 . Case Study of a Chinese Dust Plume Reaching the French Alps . Geophys. Res. Lett., , 30 : 1277
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson , R. J. , Orlov , A. , Badger , C. L. , Griffiths , P. T. , Cox , R. A. and Lambert , R. M. 2005 . A Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Uptake on Atmospherically Relevant Mineral Surfaces: DRIFT Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Aerosol Growth Measurements . Atmos. Chem. Phys., , 5 : 3415 – 3421 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallquist , M. , Stewart , D. J. , Stephenson , S. K. and Cox , R. A. 2003 . Hydrolysis of N2O5 on Sub-Micron Sulfate Aerosols . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., , 5 : 3453 – 3463 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hensen , E. J. M. and Smit , B. 2002 . Why Clays Swell . J. Phys. Chem. B, , 106 : 12664 – 12667 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herich , H. , Tritscher , T. , Wiacek , A. , Gysel , M. , Weingartner , E. Lohmann , U. 2009 . Water Uptake of Clay and Desert Dust Aerosol Particles at Sub- and Supersaturated Water Vapor Conditions . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., , 11 : 7804 – 7809 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson , P. K. , Gibson , E. R. , Young , M. A. , Kleiber , P. D. and Grassian , V. H. 2008 . Coupled Infrared Extinction and Size Distribution Measurements for Several Clay Components of Mineral Dust Aerosol . J. Geophys. Res., , 113 : D01201
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hung , H.-M. , Malinowski , A. and Martin , S. T. 2003 . Kinetics of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on the Surfaces of Mineral Dust Cores Inserted into Aqueous Ammonium Sulfate Particles . J. Phys. Chem. A, , 107 : 1296 – 1306 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2007 . “ Climate Change 2007 ” . In The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Edited by: Solomon , S. , Qin , D. , Manning , M. , Chen , Z. , Marquis , M. , Averyt , K. B. , Tignor , M. and Miller , H. L. 940 Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Koehler , K. A. , Kreidenweis , S. M. , DeMott , P. J. , Petters , M. D. , Prenni , A. J. and Carrico , C. M. 2009 . Hygroscopicity and Cloud Droplet Activation of Mineral Dust Aerosol . Geophys. Res. Lett., , 36 : L08805
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar , P. , Sokolik , I. N. and Nenes , A. 2010 . Measurements of Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity and Droplet Activation Kinetics of Fresh Unprocessed Regional Dust Samples and Minerals . Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., , 10 : 31039 – 31081 .
   Google Scholar
• Lack , D. A. , Quinn , P. K. , Massoli , P. , Bates , T. S. , Coffman , D. Covert , D. S. 2009 . Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Absorption by Mineral Dust After Long-Range Atmospheric Transport from the Sahara . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 36
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang-Yona , N. , Abo-Riziq , A. , Erlick , C. , Segre , E. , Trainic , M. and Rudich , Y. 2010 . Interaction of Internally Mixed Aerosols with Light . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., , 12 : 21 – 31 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lide , D. 2007 . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 88th Edition , Boca Raton, FL : CRC .
   Google Scholar
• Lohmann , U. and Diehl , K. 2006 . Sensitivity Studies of the Importance of Dust Ice Nuclei for the Indirect Aerosol Effect on Stratiform Mixed-Phase Clouds . J. Atmos. Sci., , 63 : 968 – 982 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mashburn , C. D. , Frinak , E. K. and Tolbert , M. A. 2006 . Heterogeneous Uptake of Nitric Acid on Na-montmorillonite Clay as a Function of Relative Humidity . J. Geophys. Res., , 111 : D15213
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurry , P. H. 2000 . A Review of Atmospheric Aerosol Measurements . Atmos. Environ., , 34 : 1959 – 1999 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNaughton , C. S. , Clarke , A. D. , Kapustin , V. , Shinozuka , Y. , Howell , S. G. Anderson , B. E. 2009 . Observations of Heterogeneous Reactions Between Asian Pollution and Mineral Dust Over the Eastern North Pacific During INTEX-B . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 9 : 8283 – 8308 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , R. L. and Tegen , I. 1998 . Climate Response to Soil Dust Aerosols . J. Climate, , 11 : 3247 – 3267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navea , J. G. , Xu , S. , Stanier , C. O. , Young , M. A. and Grassian , V. H. 2009 . Heterogeneous Uptake of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) onto Mineral Dust Aerosol Under Variable RH Conditions . Atmos. Environ., , 43 : 4060 – 4069 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nessler , R. , Weingartner , E. and Baltensperger , U. 2005 . Effect of Humidity on Aerosol Light Absorption and Its Implications for Extinction and the Single Scattering Albedo Illustrated for a Site in the Lower Free Troposphere . J. Aerosol Sci., , 36 : 958 – 972 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perry , K. D. , Cliff , S. S. and Jimenez-Cruz , M. P. 2004 . Evidence for Hygroscopic Mineral Dust Particles from the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation Experiment . J. Geophys. Res., , 109 : D23S28
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit , R. H. , Legrand , M. , Jankowiak , I. , Molinié , J. , Asselin de Beauville , C. Marion , G. 2005 . Transport of Saharan Dust over the Caribbean Islands: Study of an Event . J. Geophys. Res., , 110 : D18S09
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prospero , J. M. 1999 . Long-Range Transport of Mineral Dust in the Global Atmosphere: Impact of African Dust on the Environment of the Southeastern United States . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., , 96 : 3396 – 3403 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salam , A. , Lohmann , U. , Crenna , B. , Lesins , G. , Klages , P. Rogers , D. 2006 . Ice Nucleation Studies of Mineral Dust Particles with a New Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber . Aerosol Sci. Technol., , 40 : 134 – 143 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sassen , K. 2002 . Indirect Climate Forcing over the Western US from Asian Dust Storms . Geophys. Res. Lett., , 29 ( 10 ) : 1465
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuttlefield , J. D. , Cox , D. and Grassian , V. H. 2007 . An Investigation of Water Uptake on Clays Minerals Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements . J. Geophys. Res. D: Atmos., , 112 : D21303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seisel , S. , Pashkova , A. , Lian , Y. and Zellner , R. 2005 . Water Uptake on Mineral Dust and Soot: A Fundamental View of the Hydrophilicity of Atmospheric Particles . Faraday Discuss., , 130 : 437 – 451 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , J. D. and Atkinson , D. B. 2001 . A Portable Pulsed Cavity Ring-Down Transmissometer for Measurement of the Optical Extinction of the Atmospheric Aerosol . Analyst, , 126 : 1216 – 1220 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sokolik , I. N. and Toon , O. B. 1996 . Direct Radiative Forcing by Anthropogenic Airborne Mineral Aerosols . Nature, , 381 : 681 – 683 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takeshi , H. 1978 . “ Smectites ” . In Developments in Sedimentology Edited by: Toshio , S. and Susumu , S. 221 – 242 . Elsevier
   Google Scholar
• Tegen , I. and Fung , I. 1994 . Modeling of Mineral Dust in the Atmosphere: Sources, Transport, and Optical Thickness . J. Geophys. Res. , 99 : 22897 – 22914 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uematsu , M. , Wang , Z. and Uno , I. 2003 . Atmospheric Input of Mineral Dust to the Western North Pacific Region Based on Direct Measurements and a Regional Chemical Transport Model . Geophys. Res. Lett., , 30 : 1342
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usher , C. R. , Michel , A. E. and Grassian , V. H. 2003 . Reactions on Mineral Dust . Chem. Rev., , 103 : 4883 – 4940 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlasenko , A. , Sjogren , S. , Weingartner , E. , Gaggeler , H. W. and Ammann , M. 2005 . Generation of Submicron Arizona Test Dust Aerosol: Chemical and Hygroscopic Properties . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 452 – 460 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vlasenko , A. , Sjogren , S. , Weingartner , E. , Stemmler , K. , Gaggeler , H. W. and Ammann , M. 2006 . Effect of Humidity on Nitric Acid Uptake to Mineral Dust Aerosol Particles . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 6 : 2147 – 2160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedensohler , A. 1988 . An Approximation of the Bipolar Charge Distribution for Particles in the Submicron Size Range . J. Aerosol Sci. , 19 : 387 – 389 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xue , H. , Khalizov , A. F. , Wang , L. , Zheng , J. and Zhang , R. 2009 . Effects of Dicarboxylic Acid Coating on the Optical Properties of Soot . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 11 : 7869 – 7875 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zender , C. S. , Miller , R. L. and Tegen , I. 2004 . Quantifying Mineral Dust Mass Budgets: Terminology, Constraints, and Current Estimates . Eos. Trans. , : 85 AGU
   Google Scholar