1,124
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Real-Time Measurements of Nonmetallic Fine Particulate Matter Adjacent to a Major Integrated Steelworks

, , &
Pages 639-653 | Received 15 Aug 2011, Accepted 07 Nov 2011, Published online: 13 Jan 2012

REFERENCES

  • Agrawal , B. , Yurek , G. J. and Elliott , J. F. 1983 . Kinetics and Mechanism of the Desulfurization of Liquid Blast-Furnace Slags by Ar-H2O Gas Mixtures . Met. Trans. B Process Metall. , 14 : 221 – 230 .
  • Anderson , D. R. and Fisher , R. 2002 . Sources of Dioxins in the United Kingdom: The Steel Industry and Other Sources . Chemosphere , 46 : 371 – 381 .
  • Angelino , S. , Suess , D. T. and Prather , K. A. 2001 . Formation of Aerosol Particles from Reactions of Secondary and Tertiary Alkylamines: Characterization by Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 3130 – 3138 .
  • Aries , E. , Anderson , D. R. , Fisher , R. , Fray , T. A. T. and Hemfrey , D. 2006 . PCDD/F and “Dioxin-Like” PCB Emissions from Iron Ore Sintering Plants in the UK . Chemosphere , 65 : 1470 – 1480 .
  • Campagna , D. , Kathman , S. J. and Pierson , R. 2004) . Ambient Hydrogen Sulfide, Total Reduced Sulfur, and Hospital Visits for Respiratory Diseases in Northeast Nebraska, 1998–2000 . J. Exp. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 14 : 180 – 187 . Inserra, S. G., Phifer, B. L., Middleton, D. C., et al.
  • Canagaratna , M. R. , Jayne , J. T. , Jimenez , J. L. , Allan , J. D. , Alfarra , M. R. Zhang , Q. 2007 . Chemical and Microphysical Characterization of Ambient Aerosols with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Mass Spectrom. Rev. , 26 : 185 – 222 .
  • Choel , M. , Deboudt , K. , Flament , P. , Aimoz , L. and Meriaux , X. 2007 . Single-Particle Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols at Cape Gris-Nez, English Channel: Influence of Steel Works on Iron Apportionment . Atmos. Environ. , 41 : 2820 – 2830 .
  • Choi , S. D. , Baek , S. Y. and Chang , Y. S. 2007 . Influence of a Large Steel Complex on the Spatial Distribution of Volatile Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Determined by Passive Air Sampling Using Membrane-Enclosed Copolymer (MECOP) . Atmos. Environ. , 41 : 6255 – 6264 .
  • Dall’Osto , M. , Booth , M. J. , Smith , W. , Fisher , R. and Harrison , R. M. 2008 . A Study of the Size Distributions and the Chemical Characterization of Airborne Particles in the Vicinity of a Large Integrated Steelworks . Aerosol Sic. Technol. , 42 : 981 – 991 .
  • Dall’Osto , M. and Harrison , R. M. 2006 . Chemical Characterisation of Single Airborne Particles in Athens (Greece) by ATOFMS . Atmos. Environ. , 40 : 7614 – 7631 .
  • DeCarlo , P. F. , Kimmel , J. R. , Trimborn , A. , Northway , M. J. , Jayne , J. T. Aiken , A. C. 2006 . Field-Deployable, High-Resolution, Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Anal. Chem. , 78 : 8281 – 8289 .
  • Denkenberger , K. A. , Moffet , R. C. , Holecek , J. C. , Rebotier , T. P. and Prather , K. A. 2007 . Real-Time, Single-Particle Measurements of Oligomers in Aged Ambient Aerosol Particles . Environ. Sic. Technol. , 41 : 5439 – 5446 .
  • Dockery , D. W. , Pope , C. A. , Xu , X. P. , Spengler , J. D. Ware , J. H. 1993 . An Association between Air-Pollution and Mortality in 6 United States Cities . N. Engl. J. Med. , 329 : 1753 – 1759 .
  • Drewnick , F. , Hings , S. S. , DeCarlo , P. , Jayne , J. T. , Gonin , M. Fuhrer , K. 2005 . A new Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TOF-AMS) - Instrument Description and First Field Deployment . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 39 : 637 – 658 .
  • Dzepina , K. , Arey , J. , Marr , L. C. , Worsnop , D. R. , Salcedo , D. Zhang , Q. 2007 . Detection of Particle-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mexico City Using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer . Int. J. Mass Spectrom. , 263 : 152 – 170 .
  • Gard , E. , Mayer , J. E. , Morrical , B. D. , Dienes , T. , Fergenson , D. P. and Prather , K. A. 1997 . Real-Time Analysis of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles: Design and Performance of a Portable ATOFMS . Anal. Chem. , 69 ( 20 ) : 4083 – 4091 .
  • Gross , D. S. , Galli , M. E. , Silva , P. J. and Prather , K. A. 2000 . Relative Sensitivity Factors for Alkali Metal and Ammonium Cations in Single Particle Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectra . Anal. Chem. , 72 : 416 – 422 .
  • Gross , D. S. , Galli , M. E. , Silva , P. J. , Wood , S. H. , Liu , D. Y. and Prather , K. A. 2000 . Single Particle Characterization of Automobile and Diesel Truck Emissions in the Caldecott Tunnel . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 32 : 152 – 163 .
  • Guazzotti , S. A. , Coffee , K. R and Prather , K. A. 2001 . Continuous Measurements of Size-Resolved Particle Chemistry during INDOEX Intensive Field Phase 99 . J. Geophys. Res. , 106 ( D22 ) : 28607 – 28627 .
  • Harrison , R. M. and Jones , A. M. 2005 . Multisite Study of Particle Number Concentrations in Urban Air . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 6063 – 6070 .
  • Harrison , R. M. , Laxen , D. , Moorcroft , S. and Laxen , K. forthcoming . Processes Affecting Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in the UK Atmosphere . Atmos. Environ ,
  • Harrison , R. M. and Yin , J. 2000 . Particulate Matter in the Atmosphere: Which Particle Properties Are Important for Its Effects on Health? . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 249 : 85 – 101 .
  • Hutchison , G. , Brown , D. M. , Hibbs , L. R. , Heal , M. R. , Donaldson , K. Maynard , R. L. 2005 . The Effect of Refurbishing a UK Steel Plant on PM10 Metal Composition and Ability to Induce Inflammation . Resp. Res. , 6 : 43
  • Jayne , J. T. , Leard , D. C. , Zhang , X. F. , Davidovits , P. , Smith , K. A. , Kolb , C. E. and Worsnop , D. R. 2000 . Development of an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer for Size and Composition Analysis of Submicron Particles . Aerosol Sci. Tech. , 33 : 49 – 70 .
  • Jiun-Homg , T. , Kuo-Hsiung , L. , Chihyu , C. , Jian-Yuan , D. , Ching-Guan , C. and Hung-Lung , C. 2007 . Chemical Constituents in Particulate Emissions from an Integrated Iron and Steel Facility . J. Hazard. Mater. , 147 : 111 – 119 .
  • Khalili , N. R. , Scheff , P. A. and Holsen , T. M. 1995 . PAH Source Fingerprints for Coke Ovens, Diesel and Gasoline Engines, Highway Tunnels, and Wood Combustion Emissions . Atmos. Environ. , 29 ( 4 ) : 533 – 542 .
  • Kim , Y. and Worrell , E. 2002 . International Comparison of CO2 Emission Trends in the Iron and Steel Industry . Energy Policy , 30 : 827 – 838 .
  • Ledoux , F. , Laversin , H. , Courcot , D. , Courcot , L. , Zhilinskaya , E. A. Puskaric , E. 2006 . Characterization of Iron and Manganese Species in Atmospheric Aerosols from Anthropogenic Sources . Atmos. Res. , 82 : 622 – 632 .
  • Liu , D. - Y. , Wenzel , R. J. and Prather , K. A. 2003 . Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry during the Atlanta Supersite Experiment: 1. Measurements . J. Geophys. Res. , 108 ( D7 ) : 8426
  • Mazzei , F. , D’Alessandro , A. , Lucarelli , F. , Marenco , F. , Nava , S. Prati , P. 2006 . Elemental Composition and Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter Near a Steel Plant in Genoa (Italy) . Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B - Beam Interact. Mater. Atmos. , 249 : 548 – 551 .
  • Moffet , R. , Shields , L. , Berntsen , J. , Devlin , R. and Prather , K. 2004 . Characterization of an Ambient Coarse Particle Concentrator Used for Human Exposure Studies: Aerosol Size Distributions, Chemical Composition, and Concentration Enrichment . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 38 ( 11 ) : 1123 – 1137 .
  • Moreno , T. , Merolla , L. , Gibbons , W. , Greenwell , L. , Jones , T. and Richards , R. 2004 . Variations in the Source, Metal Content and Bioreactivity of Technogenic Aerosols: A Case Study from Port Talbot, Wales, UK . Sci. Total Environ. , 333 : 59 – 73 .
  • Murphy , D. M. 2007 . The Design of Single Particle Laser Mass Spectrometers . Mass Spectrom. Rev. , 26 : 150 – 165 .
  • Noble , C. A. and Prather , K. A. 1996 . Real-Time Measurement of Correlated Size and Composition Profiles of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 30 ( 9 ) : 2667 – 2680 .
  • Ogulei , D. , Hopke , P. K. , Zhou , L. M. , Paatero , P. , Park , S. S. and Ondov , J. 2005 . Receptor Modeling for Multiple Time Resolved Species: The Baltimore Supersite . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 3751 – 3762 .
  • Oravisjarvi , K. , Timonen , K. L. , Wiikinkoski , T. , Ruuskanen , A. R. , Heinanen , K. and Ruuskanen , J. 2003 . Source Contributions to PM2.5 Particles in the Urban Air of a Town Situated Close to a Steel Works . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 1013 – 1022 .
  • Pastor , S. H. , Allen , J. O. , Hughes , L. S. , Bhave , P. , Cass , G. R. and Prather , K. A. 2003 . Ambient Single Particle Analysis in Riverside, California by Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry during the SCOS97-NARSTO . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 239 – 258 .
  • Pope , C. A. 1996 . Particulate Pollution and Health: A Review of the Utah Valley Experience . J. Exp. Analy. Environ. Epidemiol. , 6 : 23 – 34 .
  • Pope , C. A. , Burnett , R. T. , Thun , M. J. , Calle , E. E. , Krewski , D. Ito , K. 2002 . Lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and long-term exposure to fine particulate air pollution . JAMA , 287 : 1132 – 1141 .
  • Pope , C. A. , Thun , M. J. , Namboodiri , M. M. , Dockery , D. W. , Evans , J. S. Speizer , F. E. 1995 . Particulate Air Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective Study of US Adults . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , 151 ( 3 ) : 669 – 674 .
  • Qin , X. Y. , Bnave , P. V. and Prather , K. A. 2006 . Comparison of Two Methods for Obtaining Quantitative Mass Concentrations from Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Measurements . Anal. Chem. , 78 : 6169 – 6178 .
  • Qin , X. Y. and Prather , K. A. 2006 . Impact of Biomass Emissions on Particle Chemistry during the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study . Int. J. Mass Spectrom. , 258 : 142 – 150 .
  • Rebotier , T. P. and Prather , K. A. 2007 . Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Data Analysis: A Benchmark of Clustering Algorithms . Analytica. Chimica. Acta. , 585 : 38 – 54 .
  • Silva , P. J. and Prather , K. A. 2000 . Interpretation of Mass Spectra from Organic Compounds in Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry . Anal. Chem. , 72 : 3553 – 3562 .
  • Song , X. H. , Hopke , P. K. , Fergenson , D. P. and Prather , K. A. 1999 . Classification of Single Particles Analyzed by ATOFMS Using an Artificial Neural Network, ART-2A . Anal. Chem. , 71 : 860 – 865 .
  • Su , Y. X. , Sipin , M. F. , Furutani , H. and Prather , K. A. 2004 . Development and Characterization of an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Increased Detection Efficiency . Anal. Chem. , 76 ( 3 ) : 712 – 719 .
  • Thompson , P. , Anderson , D. R. , Fisher , R. , Thompson , D. and Sharp , J. H. 2003 . Process-Related Patterns in Dioxin Emissions: A Simplified Assessment Procedure Applied to Coke Combustion in Sinter Plant . Fuel , 82 : 2125 – 2137 .
  • Wang , L. C. , Lee , W. J. , Tsai , P. J. , Lee , W. S. and Chang-Chien , G. P. 2003 . Emissions of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans from Stack Flue Gases of Sinter Plants . Chemosphere , 50 : 1123 – 1129 .
  • Wang , T. S. , Anderson , D. R. , Thompson , D. , Clench , M. and Fisher , R. 2003 . Studies into the Formation of Dioxins in the Sintering Process Used in the Iron and Steel Industry. 1. Characterisation of Isomer Profiles in Particulate and Gaseous Emissions . Chemosphere , 51 : 585 – 594 .
  • Weitkamp , E. A. , Lipsky , E. M. , Pancras , P. J. , Ondov , J. M. , Polidori , A. Turpin , B. J. 2005 . Fine Particle Emission Profile for a Large Coke Production Facility Based on Highly Time-Resolved Fence Line Measurements . Atmos. Environ. , 39 : 6719 – 6733 .
  • Yang , H. H. , Lai , S. O. , Hsieh , L. T. , Hsueh , H. J. and Chi , T. W. 2002 . Profiles of PAH Emission from Steel and Iron Industries . Chemosphere , 48 : 1061 – 1074 .
  • Yang , H. H. , Lee , W. J. , Chena , S. J. and Lai , S. O. 1998 . PAH Emission from Various Industrial Stacks . J. Hazard. Mater. , 60 : 159 – 174 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.