1,158
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Impact of Deliquescence and pH on Cr Speciation in Ambient PM Samples

, , , &
Pages 690-696 | Received 30 Sep 2011, Accepted 30 Dec 2011, Published online: 30 Jan 2012

REFERENCES

  • Abu-Saba , K. E. , Sedlak , D. L. and Flegal , A. R. 2000 . Indirect Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Copper in the Presence of Superoxide . Mar. Chem. , 69 : 33 – 41 .
  • Bell , R. W. and Hipfner , J. C. 1997 . Airborne Hexavalent Chromium in Southwestern Ontario . J. Air Waste Manage. , 47 : 905 – 910 .
  • Birch , M. E. and Cary , R. A. 1996 . Elemental Carbon-Based Method for Monitoring Occupational Exposures to Particulate Diesel Exhaust . Aerosol Sci. Technol , 25 : 221 – 241 .
  • Cruz , C. N. and Pandis , S. N. 2000 . Deliquescence and Hygroscopic Growth of Mixed Inorganic−Organic Atmospheric Aerosol . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 34 : 4313 – 4319 .
  • Davis , A. and Olsen , R. L. 1995 . The Geochemistry of Chromium Migration and Remediation in the Surface . Ground Water , 33: : 759 – 768 .
  • Eary , L. E. and Rai , D. 1988 . Chromate Removal from Aqueous Wastes by Reduction with Ferrous Iron . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 22: : 972 – 977 .
  • Eckert , J. M. , Stewart , J. J. , Waite , T. D. , Szymezek , R. and Williams , K. L. 1990 . The Reduction of Chromium(VI) at sub-μgL−1 Levels by Fulvic Acid . Anal. Chim. Acta , 236 : 357 – 362 .
  • ERG . 2006 . Collection and Analysis of Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air , NC. : Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park .
  • ERG . 2009 . Standard Operating Procedure for the Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Analyzed By Ion Chromatography (IC) , NC : Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park . ERG No. MOR-063
  • Fendorf , S. E. , Wielenga , B. W. and Hansel , C. M. 2000 . Chromium Transformations in Natural Environments: The Role of Biological Processes in Chromium(VI) Reduction . Int. Geol. Rev. , 42 : 691 – 701 .
  • Gendel , Y. and Lahav , O. 2008 . Accurate Determination of Fe(II) Concentrations in the Presence of a Very High Soluble Fe(III) Background . Appl. Geochem. , 23 : 2123 – 2129 .
  • Goshu , I. V. , Tsarev , V. and Kostrov , V. V. 2007 . Study of Chromium(VI) Reduction in the Presence of Metal Salt Additives . Inorg. Syn. Ind. Inorg. Chem. , 80 : 1946 – 1949 .
  • Grohse , P. M. , Gutkenecht , W. F. , Hodson , L. and Wilson , B. M. 1988 . “ The Fate of Hexavalent Chromium in the Atmosphere ” . In California Air Resources Board Sacramento , NC : Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park . CARB Contract No. A6–096-32.
  • Guertin , J. , Jacobs , J. A. and Avakian , C. A. 2005 . Chromium (VI) Handbook , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Hameri , K. , Charlson , R. and Hansson , H. C. 2002 . Hygroscopic Properties of Mixed Ammonium Sulfate and Carboxylic Acids Particles . AIChE , 48 : 1309 – 1316 .
  • Hansson , H. C. , Rood , M. J. , Koloutsou-Vakakis , S. , Hämeri , K. , Orsini , D. and Wiedensohler , A. 1998 . NaCl Aerosol Particle Hygroscopicity Dependence on Mixing with Organic Compounds . J. Atmos. Chem. , 31 : 321 – 346 .
  • Herner , J. D. , Green , P. G. and Kleeman , M. J. 2006 . Measuring the Trace Elemental Composition of Size-Resolved Airborne Particles . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 40 : 1925 – 1933 .
  • Huggins , F. E. , Huffman , G. P. and Robertson , J. D. 2000 . Speciation of Elements in NIST Particulate Matter SRMs 1648 and 1650 . J. Hazard. Mater. , 74 : 1 – 23 .
  • Huo , D. W. , Lu , Y. S. and Kingston , H. M. 1998 . Determination and Correction of Analytical Biases and Study on Chemical Mechanisms in the Analysis of Cr(VI) in Soil Samples Using EPA Protocols . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 3418 – 3423 .
  • James , B. R. , Petura , J. C. , Vitale , R. J. and Mussoline , G. R. 1995 . Hexavalent Chromium Extraction from Soils: A Comparison of 5 Methods . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 2377 – 2381 .
  • Khan , Z. and Hashmi , A. A. 1998 . Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Phosphonic Acid . Transit. Metal Chem. , 23 : 147 – 150 .
  • Koloutso-Vakakis , S. and Rood , M. J. 1994 . The (NH4)2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O System: Comparison of Deliquescence Humidities Measured in the Field and Estimated from Laboratory Measurements and Thermodynamic Modeling . Tellus , 46B : 1 – 15 .
  • Lee , C. T. and Hsu , W. C. 1998 . A Novel Method to Measure Aerosol Water Mass . J. Aerosol Sci. , 29 : 827 – 837 .
  • Lee , C. T. and Hsu , W. C. 2000 . The Measurement of Liquid Water Mass Associated with Collected Hygroscopic Particles . J. Aerosol Sci. , 31 : 189 – 197 .
  • Lide , D. R. 2004 . Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, , 85th ed. , Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
  • Lough , G. C. , Schauer , J. J. , Park , J. S. , Shafer , M. M. , DeMinter , J. T. and Weinstein , J. P. 2005 . Emissions of Metals Associated with Motor Vehicle Roadways . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 826 – 836 .
  • Majestic , B. J. , Schauer , J. J. and Shafer , M. M. 2007 . Application of Synchroton Radiation for Measurement of Iron Red-Ox Speciation in Atmospherically Processed Aerosols . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 7 : 2475 – 2487 .
  • Meng , Q. , Fan , Z. , Buckley , B. , Lin , L. , Huang , L. Yu , C. 2011 . Development and Evaluation of a Method for Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air Using IC-ICP-MS . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 2021 – 2027 .
  • Nico , P. S. , Kumfer , B. M. , Kennedy , I. M. and Anastasio , C. 2009 . Redox Dynamics of Mixed Metal (Mn, Cr, and Fe) . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 43 : 60 – 70 .
  • Nico , P. S. and Zasoski , R. J. 2000 . Importance of Mn(II) Availability of Cr(III) Oxidation on Birnessite . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 38 : 5253 – 5260 .
  • Palmer , C. D. and Plus , R. W. 1994 . Natural Attenuation of Hexavalent Chromium in Ground Water and Soils , Ada, OK : Superfund Technology Support Center for Ground Water, Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory . Ground Water EPA/ 540/S-94/505
  • Pettine , M. , D’Ottone , L. , Campanella , L. , Millero , F. J. and Passino , R. 1998 . The Reduction of Chromium(VI) by Iron(II) in Aqueous Solutions . Geochin. Cosmochim. Acta , 62 : 1509 – 1519 .
  • Qi , J. H. , Zhang , M. P. , Feng , L. J. , Li , X. G. , Xie , Z. Sun , Z. H. 2003 . An EXAFS Study on the Local Structure Around Iron in Atmospheric Aerosols Collected in the Qingdao Area . Molecules , 8 : 31 – 39 .
  • Rahman , G. M. , Kingston , H. M. , Towns , T. G. , Vitale , R. J. and Clay , K. R. 2005 . Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Using Speciated Isotope-Dilution Mass Spectrometry After Microwave Speciated Extraction of Environmental and Other Solid Materials . Anal. Bioanal. Chem. , 382 : 1111 – 1120 .
  • Rai , D. , Sass , B. M. and Moore , D. A. 1987 . Chromium(III) Hydrolysis Constants and Solubility of Chromium(III) Hydroxide . Inorg. Chem. , 26 : 345 – 349 .
  • Saxena , P. , Hildemann , L. M. , Mcmurry , P. H. and Seinfeld , J. H. 1995 . Organics Alter Hygroscopic Behavior of Atmospheric Particles . J. Geophys. Res. , 100 ( D9 ) : 18755 – 18770 .
  • Sedlak , D. L. and Chan , P. G. 1997 . Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr(VI)] by Ferrous Iron [Fe(II)] . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , 61 : 2185 – 2192 .
  • Seigneur , C. and Constantino , E. 1995 . Chemical Kinetic Mechanism for Atmospheric Chromium . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 29 : 222 – 231 .
  • Semeniuk , T. A. , Wise , M. E. , Martin , S. T. , Russell , L. M. and Buseck , P. R. 2007 . Water Uptake Characteristics of Individual Atmospheric Particles Having Coatings . Atmos. Environ. , 41 : 6225 – 6235 .
  • Schroeder , D. C. and Lee , G. F. 1975 . Potential Transformation of Chromium in Natural Waters . Water Air Soil Poll. , 4 : 355 – 365 .
  • Speer , R. E. , Edney , E. O. and Kleindeinst , T. E. 2003 . Impact of Organic Compounds on the Concentrations of Liquid Water in Ambient PM2.5 . Aerosol Sci. , 34 : 63 – 77 .
  • Stam , A. F. , Meij , R. , Winkel , H. , Eijk , R. J. , Huggins , F. E. and Brem , G. 2011 . Chromium Speciation in Coal and Biomass Co-Combustion Products . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 45 : 2450 – 2456 .
  • Sunder Raman , R. , Hopke , P. K. and Holsen , T. M. 2008 . Characterization of Fine Aerosol and Its Inorganic Components at Two Rural Locations in New York State . Environ. Monit. Assess. , 144 : 351 – 366 .
  • Swietlik , R. , Molik , A. , Molenda , M. , Trojanowska , M. and Siwiec , J. 2011 . Chromium(III/VI) Speciation in Urban Aerosol . Atmos. Environ. , 44 : 1364 – 1368 .
  • Talebi , S. M. 2003 . Determination of Total and Hexavalent Chromium Concentrations in the Atmosphere of the City of Isfahan . Environ. Res. , 92 : 54 – 56 .
  • Tirez , K. , Silversmit , G. , Bleux , N. , Adriaensens , E. , Roekens , E. Servaes , K. 2011 . Determination of Hexavalent Chromium in Ambient Air: A Story of Method Induced Cr(III) Oxidation . Atmos. Environ. , 45 : 5332 – 5341 .
  • Tong , Y. , Li , A. , Cai , Y. , Ni , X. , Zhang , Y. Wang , J. 2001 . Mossbauer Study of Atmospheric Aerosols of Shanghai . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 35 : 1432 – 1436 .
  • Vitale , R. J. , Mussoline , G. R. , Petura , J. C. and James , B. R. 1997 . Cr(VI) Soil Analytical Method: A Reliable Analytical Method for Extracting and Quantifying Cr(VI) in Soils . Soil Contam. , 6 ( 6 ) : 581 – 593 .
  • Werner , M. , Nico , P. , Guo , B. , Kennedy , I. and Anastasio , C. 2006 . Laboratory Study of Simulated Atmospheric Transformations of Chromium in Ultrafine Combustion Aerosol Particles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 40 : 545 – 556 .
  • Werner , M. L. , Nico , P. S. , Marcus , M. A. and Anastasio , C. 2007 . Use of Micro-XANES to Speciate Chromium in Airborne Fine Particles in the Sacramento Valley . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 41 : 4919 – 4924 .
  • Xu , Q. , Dewitte , M. and Sloan , J. J. 2003 . The Effect of Formic Acid on the Deliquescence of Model Sea-Salt Aerosol Particles . Atmos. Environ. , 37 : 911 – 919 .
  • Zereini , F. , Alt , F. , Messerschmidt , J. , Wiseman , C. , Feldmann , I. Bohlen , A. 2005 . Concentration and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Urban Airborne Particulate Matter in Frankfurt am Main, Germany . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 39 : 2983 – 2989 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.