A High-Sensitivity Low-Cost Optical Particle Counter Design

REFERENCES

• Albrecht , B. A. 1989 . Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness . Science , 245 : 1227 – 1230 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson , T. L. , Charlson , R. J. , Schwartz , S. E. , Knutti , R. , Boucher , O. Rodhe , H. 2003 . Climate Forcing by Aerosols-A Hazy Picture . Science , 300 : 1103 – 1104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung , C. E. , Ramanathan , V. , Carmichael , G. , Kulkarni , S. , Tang , Y. Adhikary , B. 2010 . Anthropogenic Aerosol Radiative Forcing in Asia Derived from Regional Models with Atmospheric and Aerosol Data Assimilation . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 10 : 6007 – 6024 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis , L. , Rea , W. , Smith-Willis , P. , Fenyves , E. and Pan , Y. 2006 . Adverse Health Effects of Outdoor Air Pollutants . Environ. International , 32 : 815 – 830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshler , T. , Hervig , M. E. , Hofmann , D. J. , Rosen , J. M. and Liley , J. B. 2003 . Thirty Years of in Situ Stratospheric Aerosol Size Distribution Measurements from Laramie, Wyoming (41° N), Using Balloon-Borne Instruments . J. Geophys. Res. , 108 ( D5 ) : 4167
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gucker , F. T Jr. , O’Konski , C. T. , Pickard , H. B. and Pitts , J. N., Jr. 1947 . A Photoelectronic Counter for Colloidal Particles . J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 69 : 2422 – 2431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , M. , Iwasaka , Y. , Watanabe , M. , Shibata , T. , Fujiwara , M. Adachi , H. 1998 . Size and Number Concentration of Liquid PSCs Balloon-Borne Measurements at Ny-Aalesund, Norway in Winter of 1994/95 . J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan , 76 : 549 – 560 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haywood , J. and Boucher , O. 2000 . Estimates of the Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing Due to Tropospheric Aerosols: A Review . Rev. Geophys. , 38 : 513 – 543 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill , M. K. , Brooks , B. J. , Norris , S. J. , Smith , M. H. , Brooks , I. M. and De Leeuw , G. 2008 . A Compact Lightweight Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (CLASP) . J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. , 25 : 1996 – 2006 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann , D. J. , Rosen , J. M. , Pepin , T. J. and Pinnick , R. G. 1975 . Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements, I, Time Variations at Northern Midlatitudes . J. Atmos. Sci. , 32 : 1446 – 1456 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . 2007 . Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, in Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , Edited by: Solomon , S. 996 Cambridge , , U.K. : Cambridge Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , S. , Maruyama , K. , Hayashi , M. , Ogino , S.-Y. , Ishimoto , H. Tachibana , Y. 2007 . Characteristics of Aerosol and Cloud Particle Size Distributions in the Tropical Tropopause Layer Measured with Optical Particle Counter and Lidar . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 7 : 3507 – 3518 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaenicke , R. 1993 . “ Tropospheric Aerosols ” . In Aerosol-Cloud-Climate Interactions , Edited by: Hobbs , P. V. 1 – 31 . San Diego , CA : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jonsson , H. H. , Wilson , J. C. , Brock , C. A. , Knollenberg , R. G. , Newton , R. Dye , J. E. 1995 . Performance of the Focused Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer for Measurements in the Stratosphere of Particle Size in the 0.06–2 Micrometer Diameter Range . J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , 12 : 115 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasai , T. , Tsuchiya , M. , Takami , K. , Hayasi , M. and Iwasaka , Y. 2003 . Balloon Borne Optical Particle Counter for Stratospheric Observation . Rev. Sci. Instrum. , 74 : 1082 – 1092 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keeler , G. J. , Morishita , M. and Young , L.-H. 2005 . Characterization of Complex Mixtures in Urban Atmospheres for Inhalation Exposure Studies . Exp. Toxic. Path. , 57 : 19 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiselev , A. , Wex , H. , Stratmann , F. , Nadeev , A. and Karpushenko , D. 2005 . White-Light Optical Particle Spectrometer for in Situ Measurements of Condensational Growth of Aerosol Particles . Appl. Opt. , 44 : 4693 – 4701 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knollenberg , R. G. 1970 . The Optical Array: An Alternative to Scattering or Extinction for Airborne Particle Size Determination . J. Appl. Met. , 9 : 86 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Mie , G. 1908 . Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen, Leipzig . Ann. Phys. , 330 : 377 – 445 .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , H. S. and Whytlaw-Gray , R. 1926 . The Scattering of Light by Individual Particles in Smoke . Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. A. , 113 : 312 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Pincus , R. and Baker , M. 1994 . Precipitation, Solar Absorption, and Albedo Susceptibility in Marine Boundary Layer Clouds . Nature , 372 : 250 – 252 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen , J. and Hofmann , D. J. 1986 . Optical Modeling of Stratospheric Aerosols: Present Status . Appl. Opt. , 25 : 410 – 419 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schleusener , S. A. 1968 . Automatic High Speed Particle Sizing Using a Gas Laser . Rev. Sci. Instrum. , 39 : 1916 – 1919 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumann , U. , Weinzierl , B. , Reitebuch , O. , Schlager , H. , Minikin , A. Forster , C. 2011 . Airborne Observations of the Eyjafjalla Volcano Ash Cloud Over Europe During Air Space Closure in April and May 2010 . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 11 : 2245 – 2279 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarz , J. P. , Gao , R. S. , Fahey , D. W. , Thomson , D. S. , Watts , L. A. Wilson , J. C. 2006 . Single-Particle Measurements of Midlatitude Black Carbon and Light-Scattering Aerosols from the Boundary Layer to the Lower Stratosphere . J. Geophys. Res. , , 111:C00E03
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seinfeld , J. H. and Pandis , S. N. 1998 . Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Chapter 7) , New York : John Wiley & Sons . pp. 431–439
   Google Scholar
• Sugita , T. , Kondo , Y. , Koike , M. , Kanada , M. , Toriyama , N. Nakajima , H. 1999 . Balloon-Borne Optical Counter for in Situ Aerosol Measurements . J. Atmos. Chem. , 32 : 183 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twomey , S. 1974 . Pollution and the Planetary Albedo . Atmos., Environ. , 8 : 1251 – 1256 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van de Hulst , H. C. 1981 . Light Scattering by Small Particles (Chapter 10.52) , New York : Dover Publications, Inc . p. 155
   Google Scholar