2,384
Views
31
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Evaluation of a Method to Measure Black Carbon Particles Suspended in Rainwater and Snow Samples

, , , &
Pages 1073-1082 | Received 02 Apr 2013, Accepted 29 Jun 2013, Published online: 01 Aug 2013

REFERENCES

  • Baumgardner , D. , Popovicheva , O. , Allan , J. , Bernardoni , V. , Cao , J. Cavalli , F. 2012 . Soot Reference Materials for Instrument Calibration and Intercomparisons: A Workshop Summary with Recommendations . Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 5 : 1869 – 1887 .
  • Bohren , C. F. and Huffman , D. R. 1983 . Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Bond , T. C. , Doherty , S. J. , Fahey , D. W. , Forster , P. M. , Berntsen , T. DeAngelo , B. J. 2013 . Bounding the Role of Black Carbon in the Climate System: A Scientific Assessment . J. Geophys. Res. , 118 : 1 – 173 . doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50171
  • Cai , Y. , Montague , D. C. , Mooiweer-Bryan , W. and Deshler , T. 2008 . Performance Characteristics of the Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer for Particles Between 55 and 800 nm: Laboratory and Field Studies . J. Aerosol Sci. , 39 : 759 – 769 .
  • Clarke , A. D. and Noone , K. J. 1985 . Soot in the Arctic Snowpack: A Cause for Perturbations in Radiative Transfer . Atmos. Environ. , 19 : 2045 – 2053 .
  • Dasch , J. M. and Cadle , S. H. 1989 . Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 10 ( 2 ) : 236 – 248 .
  • Doherty , S. J. , Warren , S. J. , Granfell , T. C. , Clarke , A. D. and Brandt , R. E. 2010 . Light-Absorbing Impurities in Arctic Snow . Atmos. Chem. Phys. , 10 : 11647 – 11680 .
  • Granfell , T. C. , Doherty , S. J. , Clarke , A. D. and Warren , S. G. 2011 . Light Absorption from Particulate Impurities in Snow and Ice Determined by Spectrophotometric Analysis of Filters . Appl. Opt. , 50 : 2037 – 2048 .
  • Hadley , O. L. , Corrigan , C. E. and Kirchstetter , T. W. 2008 . Modified Thermal-Optical Analysis using Spectral Absorption Selectivity to Distinguish Black Carbon from Pyrolized Organic Carbon . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 8459 – 8464 .
  • Hinds , W. C. 1999 . Aerosol Technology , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • IPCC . 2007 . Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the 4th Assessment Report of the IPCC , Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Kaspari , S. D. , Schwikowsk , M. , Gysel , M. , Flanner , M. G. , Kang , S. Hou , S. 2011 . Recent Increase in Black Carbon Concentrations from a Mt. Everest Ice Core Spanning 1860–2000 AD . Geophys. Res. Lett. , 38 : L04703 doi: 10.1029/2010GL046096
  • Ladorde , M. , Mertes , P. , Zieger , P. , Dommen , J. , Baltensperger , U. and Gysel , M. 2012 . Sensitivity of the Single Particle Soot Photometer to Different Black Carbon Types . Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 5 : 1031 – 1043 .
  • McConnell , J. R. , Edwards , R. , Kok , G. L. , Flanner , M. G. , Zender , C. S. Saltzman , E. S. 2007 . 20th-Century Industrial Black Carbon Emissions Altered Arctic Climate Forcing . Science , 317 : 1381 – 1384 .
  • Moteki , N. and Kondo , Y. 2007 . Effects of Mixing State of Black Carbon Measurement by Laser-Induced Incandescence . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 41 : 398 – 417 .
  • Moteki , N. and Kondo , Y. 2010 . Dependence of Laser-Induced Incandescence on Physical Properties of Black Carbon Aerosols: Measurements and Theoretical Interpretation . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 44 : 663 – 675 .
  • Ogren , J. A. , Charlson , R. J. and Groblicki , P. J. 1983 . Determination of Elemental Carbon in Rainwater . Anal. Chem. , 55 : 1569 – 1572 .
  • Ogren , J. A. , Groblicki , P. J. and Charlson , R. J. 1984 . Measurement of the Removal Rate of Elemental Carbon from the Atmosphere . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 36 : 329 – 338 .
  • Ohata , S. , Moteki , N. and Kondo , Y. 2011 . Evaluation of a Method for Measurement of the Concentration and Size Distribution of Black Carbon Particles Suspended in Rainwater . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 45 : 1326 – 1336 .
  • Okuda , T. , Iwase , T. , Ueda , H. , Suda , Y. , Tanaka , S. Dokiya , Y. 2005 . Long-Term Trend of Chemical Constituents in Precipitation in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan, from 1990 to 2002 . Sci. Tot. Environ. , 339 : 127 – 141 .
  • Schwarz , J. P. , Doherty , S. J. , Li , F. , Ruggiero , S. T. , Tanner , C. E. Perring , A. E. 2012 . Assessing Single Particle Soot Photometer and Integrating Sphere/Integrating Sandwich Spectrophotometer Measurement Techniques for Quantifying Black Carbon Concentration in Snow . Atmos. Meas. Tech. , 5 : 2581 – 2592 .
  • Schwarz , J. P. , Gao , R. S. , Fahey , D. W. , Thomson , D. S. , Watts , L. A. Wilson , J. C. 2006 . Single-Particle Measurement of Mid Latitude Black Carbon and Light-Scattering Aerosols from the Boundary Layer to the Lower Stratosphere . J. Geophys. Res. , 111 : D16207 doi: 10.1029/2006JD007076
  • Schwarz , J. P. , Gao , R. S. , Perring , A. E. , Spackman , J. R. and Fahey , D. W. 2013 . Black Carbon Aerosol Size in Snow . Nature Sci. Rep. , 3 : 1356 doi: 10.1038/srep01356
  • Stephens , M. , Turner , N. and Sandberg , J. 2003 . Particle Identification by Laser-Induced Incandescence in a Solid-State Laser Cavity . Appl. Opt. , 42 : 3726 – 3736 .
  • Wang , M. , Xu , B. , Zhao , H. , Cao , J. , Joswiak , D. Wu , G. 2011 . The Influence of Dust on Quantitative Measurements of Black Carbon in Ice and Snow When Using a Thermal Optical Method . Aerosol Sci. Technol. , 46 : 60 – 69 .
  • Warren , S. G. and Wiscombe , W. J. 1980 . A Model for the Spectral Albedo of Snow, II, Snow Containing Atmospheric Aerosols . J. Atmos. Sci. , 37 : 2734 – 2745 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.