Intercomparisons of Mobility Size Spectrometers and Condensation Particle Counters in the Frame of the Spanish Atmospheric Observational Aerosol Network

REFERENCES

• Agarwal, J. K., and Sem, G. J. (1980). Continuous Flow Single-Particle-Counting Condensation Nuclei Counter. J. Aerosol Sci., 11:343–357.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmi, A., Wiedensohler, A., Laj, P., Fjaeraa, A.-M., Sellegri, K., Birmili, W., Weingartner, E., Baltensperger, U., Zdimal, V., Zikova, N., Putaud, J.-P., Marinoni, A., Tunved, P., Hansson, H.-C., Fiebig, M., Kivekäs, N., Lihavainen, H., Asmi, E., Ulevicius, V., Aalto, P. P., Swietlicki, E., Kristensson, A., Mihalopoulos, N., Kalivitis, N., Kalapov, I., Kiss, G., de Leeuw, G., Henzing, B., Harrison, R. M., Beddows, D., O'Dowd, C., Jennings, S. G., Flentje, H., Weinhold, K., Meinhardt, F., Ries, L., and Kulmala, M. (2011). Number Size Distributions and Seasonality of Submicron Particles in Europe 2008–2009. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11:5505–5538.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birmili, W., Weinhold, K., Nordmann, S., Wiedensohler, A., Spindler, G., Müller, K., Herrmann, H., Gnauk, T., Pitz, M., Cyrys, J., Flentje, H., Nickel, C., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Löschau, G., Haase, D., Meinhardt, F., Schwerin, A., Ries, L., and Wirtz, K. (2009). Atmospheric Aerosol Measurements in the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN): Part 1 – Soot and Particle Number Size Distributions. Gefahrst. Reinh. Luft., 69:137–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahmann, D., Riediger, G., Schlatter, J., Wiedensohler, A., Carli, S., Graff, A., Grosser, M., Hojgr, M., Horn, H.-G., Jing, L., Matter, U., Monz, C., Mosimann, T., Stein, H., Wehner, B., and Wieser, U. (2001). Intercomparison of Mobility Particle Sizers (MPS). Gefahrst. Reinh. Luft, 61:423–428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick, W., Huang, P. F., and McMurry, P. H. (1995). Characterization of 0.02 to 1.0μm Particle Losses in Perma Pure Dryers: Dependency on Size, Charge and Relative Humidity. PTL Publication No. 936. Particle Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
   Google Scholar
• Flagan, R. C. (1998). History of Electrical Aerosol Measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 28:301–380.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gómez-Moreno, F. J., Sastre, M., Artíñano, B., Piñeiro Iglesias, M., López Mahía, P., Pey, J., Ripoll, A., Alastuey, A., Sorribas, M., Fernández, M., De la Morena, B., Trujillo de Cabo, J. L., and Rodríguez, S. (2010). The Spanish Network on Environmental DMAs: Introduction and Main Activities. Proceedings of IV Spanish Meeting on Aerosol Science and Technology – RECTA 2010 (ISBN: 978-84-693-4839-0), Granada, Spain.
   Google Scholar
• Helsper, C., Horn, H. G., Schneider, F., Wehner, B., and Wiedensohler, A. (2008). Intercomparison of Five Mobility Size Spectrometers for Measuring Atmospheric Submicrometer Aerosol Particles. Gefahrst. Reinh. Luft, 68:475–481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hering, S. V., and Stolzenburg, M. R. (2005). A Method for Particle Size Amplification by Water Condensation in a Laminar, Thermally Diffusive Flow. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 39:428–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillemann, L., Zschoppe, A., Caldow, R., Sem, G. J., and Wiedensohler, A. (2014). An Ultrafine Particle Monitor for Size-resolved Number Concentration Measurements in Atmospheric Aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci., 68:14–24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imhof, D., Weingartner, E., Prévôt, A. S. H., Ordóñez, C., Kurtenbach, R., Wiesen, P., Rodler, J., Sturm, P., McCrae, I., Ekström, M., and Baltensperger, U. (2006). Aerosol and NOx Emission Factors and Submicron Particle Number Size Distributions in Two Road Tunnels with Different Traffic Regimes. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6:2215–2230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IPCC. (2013). Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Stocker, T. F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S. K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P. M. (Eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Khlystov, A., Kos, G. P. A., ten Brink, H. M., Mirme, A., Tuch, T., Roth, C., and Kreyling, W. G. (2001). Comparability of Three Spectrometers for Monitoring Urban Aerosol. Atmos. Environ., 35:2045–2051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson, E.O., and Whitby, K.T. (1975). Aerosol Classification by Electric Mobility: Apparatus, Theory and Applications. J. Aerosol Sci., 6:443–451.
   Google Scholar
• Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P.H. (2004). Formation and Growth Rates of Ultrafine Atmospheric Particles: A Review of Observations. J. Aerosol Sci., 35:143–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lingard, J. J. N., Tomlin, A. S., Clarke, A. G., Healey, K., Hay, A., and Wild, C. P. (2005). A Study of Trace Metal Concentration of Urban Airborne Particulate Matter and Its Role in Free Radical Activity as Measured by Plasmidstrand Break Assay. Atmos. Environ., 39:2377–2384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• May, K. R. (1973). The Collison Nebulizer. Description. Performance & Application. J. Aerosol Sci., 4:235–243.
   Google Scholar
• Oberdörster, G. (2000). Toxicology of Ultrafine Particles: In Vivo Studies. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 358:2719–2740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oberdörster, G., Oberdörster, E., and Oberdörster, J. (2005). Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles. Environ. Health Persp., 113:823–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters, J., Theunis, J., Van Poppel, M., and Berghmans, P. (2013). Monitoring PM10 and Ultrafine Particles in Urban Environments Using Mobile Measurements. Aerosol Air Qual. Res., 13:509–522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pey, J., Querol, X., de la Rosa, J., González-Castanedo, Y., Alastuey, A., Gangoiti, G., Sánchez de la Campa, A., Alados-Arboledas, L., Sorribas, M., Pio, C., Cachorro, V., Piñeiro, M., López-Mahia, P., and García-Gacio, D. (2008). Characterization of a Long Range Transport Pollution Episode Affecting PM in SW Spain. J. Environ. Monitor., 10:1158–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorribas, M., de la Morena, B. A., Wehner, B., López, J. F., Prats, N., Mogo, S., Wiedensohler, A., and Cachorro, V. E. (2011). On the Sub-micron Aerosol Size Distribution in a Coastal-Rural Site at El Arenosillo Station (SW-Spain). Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11:11185–11206.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TSI Incorporated. (2014). Electrostatic Classifier Model 3082 and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) Spectrometer Model 3938 Operation and Service Manual (P/N 6006760), Revision B, Feb 2014.
   Google Scholar
• Tuch, T. M., Haudek, A., Müller, T., Nowak, A., Wex, H., and Wiedensohler, A. (2009). Design and Performance of an Automatic Regenerating Adsorption Aerosol Dryer for Continuous Operation at Monitoring Sites. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 2:417–422.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Nowak, A., Sonntag, A., Weinhold, K., Merkel, M., Wehner, B., Tuch, T., Pfeifer, S., Fiebig, M., Fjäraa, A. M., Asmi, E., Sellegri, K., Depuy, R., Venzac, H., Villani, P., Laj, P., Aalto, P., Ogren, J. A., Swietlicki, E., Williams, P., Roldin, P., Quincey, P., Hüglin, C., Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., Gysel, M., Weingartner, E., Riccobono, F., Santos, S., Grüning, C., Faloon, K., Beddows, D., Harrison, R., Monahan, C., Jennings, S. G., O'Dowd, C. D., Marinoni, A., Horn, H.-G., Keck, L., Jiang, J., Scheckman, J., McMurry, P. H., Deng, Z., Zhao, C. S., Moerman, M., Henzing, B., de Leeuw, G., Löschau, G., and Bastian, S. (2012). Mobility Particle Size Spectrometers: Harmonization of Technical Standards and Data Structure to Facilitate High-Quality Long-Term Observations of Atmospheric Particle Number Size Distributions. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5:657–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willeke, K., and Baron, P.A. (Eds.). (1993). Aerosol Measurement. Principles, Techniques and Applications. Van Nostrand Reinhold, Nueva York.
   Google Scholar