Simulation of cigarette smoke dynamics in denuder tubes considering particle phase chemistry

References

• Alderman, S. L., and Ingebrethsen, B. J. (2011). Characterization of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Particle Size Distributions from Commercial Cigarettes Using a DMS500 Fast Particulate Spectrometer and Smoking Cycle Simulator. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45(12):1409–1421. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2011.596862
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, R. (2010). Chemistry (10th ed.). McGraw Hill, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg, R. N., Kishore, N., and Lennen, R. M. (2002). Thermodynamic Quantities for the Ionization Reactions of Buffers. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 31(2):231–370. doi: 10.1063/1.1416902
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidy, G. (1984). Aerosols, an Industrial and Environmental Science. Academic Press, London.
   Google Scholar
• Hinds, W. C. (1999). Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. Wiley, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Ingebrethsen, B. J., Alderman, S. L., and Ademe, B. (2011). Coagulation of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke in the Mouth During Puffing and Inhalation. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 45(12):1422–1428. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2011.596863
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingebrethsen, B. J., Lyman, C. S., Risner, C. H., Martin, P., and Gordon, B. M. (2001). Particle-Gas Equilibria of Ammonia and Nicotine in Mainstream Cigarette Smoke. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35(5):874–886. doi: 10.1080/02786820126850
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ingham, D. B. (1975). Diffusion of Aerosols from a Stream Flowing Through a Cylindrical Tube. J. Aerosol Sci., 6(2):125–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(75)90005-1
   Google Scholar
• Jacob, M. (1950). Heat Transfer. Wiley, Ney York.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, T. J., Olfert, J. S., Cabot, R., Treacy, C., Yurteri, C. U., Dickens, C., … Symonds, J. P. R. (2014). Steady-State Measurement of the Effective Particle Density of Cigarette Smoke. J. Aerosol Sci., 75:9–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2014.04.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauterbach, J. H., Bao, M., Joza, P. J., and Rickert, W. S. (2010). Free-Base Nicotine in Tobacco Products. Part I. Determination of Free-Base Nicotine in the Particulate Phase of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke and the Relevance of these Findings to Product Design Parameters. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm., 58(1):45–63. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.05.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, D. A., Colbeck, I., & Mariner, D. C. (1994). Diffusion Denuder Method for Sampling Vapor-Phase Nicotine in Mainstream Tobacco Smoke. Anal. Chem., 66(20):3525–3527. doi: 10.1021/ac00092a037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, D. A., Colbeck, I., and Mariner, D. C. (1995). Dilution of Mainstream Tobacco Smoke and Its Effects Upon the Evaporation and Diffusion of Nicotine. J. Aerosol Sci., 26(5):841–846. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(95)00005-W
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipowicz, P. J., and Piadé, J. J. (2004). Evaporation and Subsequent Deposition of Nicotine from Mainstream Cigarette Smoke in A Denuder Tube. J. Aerosol Sci., 35(1):33–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(03)00385-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mattila, T., Kulmala, M., & Vesala, T. (1997). On the Condensational Growth of a Multicomponent Droplet. J. Aerosol Sci., 28(4):553–564. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00458-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, A. T., Atkins, R. L., Moore, D. W., Scott, R., Mallory, D., and LaBerge, J. M. (1973). Structure and chemistry of the aldehyde ammonias. 1-Amino-1-alkanols, 2,4,6-trialkyl-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazines, and N,N-dialkylidene-1,1-diaminoalkanes. J. Org. Chem., 38(19):3288–3295. doi: 10.1021/jo00959a010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nielsen, A. T., Moore, D. W., Ogan, M. D., and Atkins, R. L. (1979). Structure and Chemistry of the Aldehyde Ammonias. 3. Formaldehyde-Ammonia Reaction. 1,3,5-Hexahydrotriazine. J. Org. Chem., 44(10):1678–1684. doi: 10.1021/jo01324a021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pankow, J. F., Tavakoli, A. D., Luo, W., and Isabelle, L. M. (2003). Percent Free Base Nicotine in the Tobacco Smoke Particulate Matter of Selected Commercial and Reference Cigarettes. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 16(8):1014–1018. doi: 10.1021/tx0340596
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfetti, T. A., and Rodgman, A. (2014). The Complexity of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. Beiträge zur Tabakforschung / Contrib. Tob. Res., 24(5):215. doi: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0902
   Google Scholar
• Pichelstorfer, L., and Hofmann, W. (2015). Modeling Aerosol Dynamics of Cigarette Smoke in a Denuder Tube. J. Aerosol Sci., 88:72–89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2015.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichelstorfer, L., Hofmann, W., Winkler-Heil, R., Yurteri, C. U., and McAughey, J. (2016). Simulation of Aerosol Dynamics and Deposition of Combustible and Electronic Cigarette Aerosols in the Human Respiratory Tract. J. Aerosol Sci., 99:125–132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.01.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichelstorfer, L., Winkler-Heil, R., and Hofmann, W. (2013). Lagrangian/Eulerian Model of Coagulation and Deposition of Inhaled Particles in the Human Lung. J. Aerosol Sci., 64(0):125–142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2013.05.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richmond, H. H., Myers, G. S., and Wright, G. F. (1948). The Reaction Between Formaldehyde and Ammonia. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 70(11):3659–3664. doi: 10.1021/ja01191a034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roemer, E., Schramke, H., Weiler, H., Buettner, A., Kausche, S., Weber, S., … Wittke, S. (2012). Mainstream Smoke Chemistry and in Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of the Reference Cigarettes 3R4F and 2R4F Beiträge zur Tabakforschung / Contributions to Tobacco Research. (Vol. 25, p. 316).
   Google Scholar
• Seinfeld, J. H., and Pandis, N. P. (1998). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Seinfeld, J. H., and Pandis, N. P. (1998). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution. J. Wiley and Sons, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Smoluchowski, M. V. (1917). Versuch Einer Mathematischen Theorie Der Koagulationskinetik kolloider Lösungen. Zeitschrift für Phys. Chemie, 92:129–168.
   Google Scholar
• Vesala, T., Kulmala, M., Rudolf, R., Vrtala, A., & Wagner, P. E. (1997). Models for Condensational Growth and Evaporation of Binary Aerosol Particles. J. Aerosol Sci., 28(4):565–598. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8502(96)00461-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wayne, G. F., Connolly, G. N., and Henningfield, J. E. (2006). Brand Differences of Free‐Base Nicotine Delivery in Cigarette Smoke: The View of the Tobacco Industry Documents. Tob. Control, 15(3):189–198. doi: 10.1136/tc.2005.013805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weast, R. (1972). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (53rd ed.). The Chemical Rubber Company, Cleveland, Ohio.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, C. (2015). Standardized Methods for the Regulation of Cigarette-Smoke Constituents. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem., 66:118–127. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2014.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar