Multiple scattering correction factor estimation for aethalometer aerosol absorption coefficient measurement

References

• Ajtai, T., Á. Filep, M. Schnaiter, C. Linke, M. Vragel, B. Bozóki, G. Szabó, and T. Leisner. 2010. A novel multi-wavelength photoacoustic spectrometer for the measurement of the UV-vis-NIR spectral absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci. 41 (11):1020–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrews, E., P. J. Sheridan, J. A. Ogren, D. Hageman, A. Jefferson, J. Wendell, A. Alastuey, L. Alados-Arboledas, M. Bergin, M. Ealo, et al. 2018. Overview of the NOAA/ESRL federated aerosol network. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0175.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott, W. P., H. Moosmüller, C. F. Rogers, T. Jin, and R. Bruch. 1999. Photoacoustic spectrometer for measuring light absorption by aerosol: Instrument description. Atmos. Environ. 33:2845–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott, W. P., H. Moosmüller, and J. Walker. 2000. Nitrogen dioxide and kerosene-flame soot calibration of photoacoustic instruments for measurement of light absorption by aerosols. Rev. Scient. Instrum. 7 (12):4545–52. doi: 10.1063/1.1322585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott, W. P., H. Moosmüller, P. J. Sheridan, J. A. Ogren, R. Raspet, W. V. Slaton, J. L. Hand, S. M. Kreidenweis, and J. L. Collett. 2003. Photoacoustic and filter-based ambient aerosol light absorption measurements: Instrument comparisons and the role of relative humidity. J. Geophys. Res. 108 (D1). doi: 10.1029/2002JD002165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnott, W. P., K. Hamasha, H. Moosmüller, P. J. Sheridan, and J. A. Ogren. 2005. Towards aerosol light-absorption measurements with a 7-wavelength aethalometer: Evaluation with a photoacoustic instrument and 3-wavelength nephelometer. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 39 (1):17–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backman, J., L. Schmeisser, A. Virkkula, J. A. Ogren, E. Asmi, S. Starkweather, S. Sharma, K. Eleftheriadis, T. Uttal, A. Jefferson, et al. 2017. On aethalometer measurement uncertainties and multiple scattering enhancement in the arctic. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 10 (12):5039–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, T. C., T. L. Anderson, and D. Campbell. 1999. Calibration and intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30 (6):582–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond, T. C., S. J. Doherty, D. W. Fahey, P. M. Forster, T. Berntsen, B. J. DeAngelo, M. G. Flanner, S. Ghan, B. Kärcher, D. Koch, et al. 2013. Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment. J. Geophys. Res. 118:5380–552.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cappa, C. D., T. B. Onasch, P. Massoli, D. R. Worsnop, T. S. Bates, E. S. Cross, P. Davidovits, J. Hakala, K. L. Hayden, B. T. Jobson, et al. 2012. Radiative absorption enhancements due to the mixing state of atmospheric black carbon. Science 337 (6098):1078–81. doi: 10.1126/science.1223447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collaud Coen, M., E. Weingartner, A. Apituley, D. Ceburnis, R. Fierz-Schmidhauser, H. Flentje, J. S. Henzing, S. G. Jennings, M. Moerman, A. Petzold, et al. 2010. Minimizing light absorption measurement artefacts of the aethalometer: Evaluation of five correction algorithms. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 3 (2):457–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Biagio, C., P. Formenti, M. Cazaunau, E. Pangui, N. Marchand, and J. Doussin. 2017. Aethalometer multiple scattering correction Cref for mineral dust aerosols. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 10 (8):2923–39.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fierz-Schmidhauser, R., P. Zieger, G. Wehrle, A. Jefferson, J. A. Ogren, U. Baltensperger, and E. Weingartner. 2010. Measurement of relative humidity dependent light scattering of aerosols. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 3 (1):39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers, B. A., M. K. Dubey, C. Mazzoleni, E. A. Stone, J. J. Schauer, S.-W. Kim, and S.-C. Yoon. 2010. Optical-chemical-microphysical relationships and closure studies for mixed carbonaceous aerosols observed at Jeju Island; 3-laserphotoacoustic spectrometer, particle sizing, and filter analysis. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10 (21):10387–98. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-10387-2010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller, K. A., W. C. Malm, and S. M. Kreidenweis. 1999. Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 104 (D13):15941–54. doi: 10.1029/1998JD100069.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyawali, M., W. P. Arnott, K. Lewis, H. Moosmüller. 2009. In situ aerosol optics in reno, NV, USA during and after the summer 2008 California wildfires and the influence of absorbing and non-absorbing organic coatings on spectral light absorption. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9 (20):8007–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, A. D. A., H. Rosen, and T. Novakov. 1984. The aethalometer—An instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles. Sci. Total Environ. 36:191–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J., S.-C. Yoon, A. Jefferson, and S.-W. Kim. 2006. Aerosol hygroscopic properties during Asian dust, pollution, and biomass burning episodes at Gosan, Korea in April 2001. Atmos. Environ. 40 (8):1550–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, A., G. J. Evans, J. R. Brook, X. Yao, C.-H. Jeong, K. J. Godri, K. Sabaliauskas, and J. G. Slowik. 2009. Mass absorption cross-section of ambient black carbon aerosol in relation to chemical age. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 43 (6):522–32. doi: 10.1080/02786820902777207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kondo, Y., L. Sahu, M. Kuwata, Y. Miyazaki, N. Takegawa, N. Moteki, J. Imaru, S. Han, T. Nakayama, N. T. K. Oanh, et al. 2009. Stabilization of the mass absorption cross section of black carbon for filter-based absorption photometry by the use of a heated inlet. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 43 (8):741–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lack, D. A., C. D. Cappa, D. S. Covert, T. Baynard, P. Massoli, B. Sierau, T. S. Bates, P. K. Quinn, E. R. Lovejoy, and A. R. Ravishankara. 2008. Bias in filter-based aerosol light absorption measurements due to organic aerosol loading: Evidence from ambient measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 42 (12):1033–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, S., M. Lee, S.-W. Kim, S.-C. Yoon, G. Lee, and Y. J. Lee. 2014. Absorption and scattering properties of organic carbon versus sulfate dominant aerosols at Gosan climate observatory in northeast Asia. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 14 (15):7781–93. doi: 10.5194/acp-14-7781-2014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moosmüller, H., R. K. Chakrabarty, and W. P. Arnott. 2009. Aerosol light absorption and its measurement: A review. J. Quantat. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 110:844–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Müller, T., J. S. Henzing, G. de Leeuw, A. Wiedensohler, A. Alastuey, H. Angelov, M. Bizjak, M. Collaud Coen, J. E. Engström, C. Gruening, et al. 2011. Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: Result of two intercomparison workshops. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 4 (2):245–68. doi: 10.5194/amt-4-245-2011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakayama, T., H. Suzuki, S. Kagamitani, Y. Ikeda, A. Uchiyama, and Y. Matsumi. 2015. Characterization of a three wavelength photoacoustic soot spectrometer (PASS-3) and a photoacoustic extinctiometer (PAX). J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan 93 (2):285–308. doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2015-016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogren, J. A. 2010. Comment on “calibration and intercomparison of filter-based measurements of visible light absorption by aerosols”. Aerosol. Sci. Technol. 44:589–91. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2010.482111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogren, J. A., J. Wendell, E. Andrews, and P. J. Sheridan. 2017. Continuous light absorption photometer for long-term studies. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 10 (12):4805–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petzold, A., and M. Schönlinner. 2004. Multiple angle absorption photometry—A new method for the measurement of aerosol light absorption and atmospheric black carbon. J. Aerosol Sci. 35 (4):421–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramana, M. V., V. Ramanathan, Y. Feng, S.-C. Yoon, S.-W. Kim, G. R. Carmichael, and J. J. Schauer. 2010. Warming influenced by the ratio of black carbon to sulphate and the black-carbon source. Nature Geosci. 3:542–5. doi: 10.1038/NGEO918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saturno, J., C. Pöhlker, D. Massabò, J. Brito, S. Carbone, Y. Cheng, X. Chi, F. Ditas, I. Hrabě de Angelis, D. Morán-Zuloaga, et al. 2017. Comparison of different aethalometer correction schemes and a reference multi-wavelength absorption technique for ambient aerosol data. Atmos. Measure. Tech. 10 (8):2837–50. doi: 10.5194/amt-10-2837-2017.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmeisser, L., E. Andrews, J. A. Ogren, P. J. Sheridan, A. Jefferson, S. Sharma, J. E. Kim, J. P. Sherman, M. Sorribas, I. Kalapov, et al. 2017. Classifying aerosol type using in situ surface spectral aerosol optical properties. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17 (19):12097–120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid, O., P. Artaxo, W. P. Arnott, D. Chand, L. V. Gatti, G. P. Frank, A. Hoffer, M. Schnaiter, and M. O. Andreae. 2006. Spectral light absorption by ambient aerosols influenced by biomass burning in the amazon basin. I: Comparison and field calibration of absorption measurement techniques. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 (11):3443–62.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheridan, P. J., W. P. Arnott, J. A. Ogren, E. Andrews, D. B. Atkinson, D. S. Covert, H. Moosmüller, A. Petzold, B. Schmid, A. W. Strawa, et al. 2005. The reno aerosol optics study: An evaluation of aerosol absorption measurement methods. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 39 (1):1–16.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrestha, R., S.-W. Kim, S.-C. Yoon, and J.-H. Kim. 2014. Attribution of aerosol light absorption to black carbon and volatile aerosols. Environ. Monit. Assess. 186 (8):4743–51. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3734-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian, R., C. A. Roden, P. Boparai, and T. C. Bond. 2007. Yellow beads and missing particles: Trouble ahead for filter-based absorption measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 41 (6):630–7. doi: 10.1080/02786820701344589.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres, L. A., A. C. Aiken, M. Dubey, and A. Jefferson. 2016. Photo-acoustic and baseline filter absorption inter-comparison at SGP/ARM: Quantifying biases in long-term records. Poster presented at the 7th meeting of Atmospheric System Research Science Team Meeting, Tysons, Virginia, May 2.
   Google Scholar
• Vecchi, R., V. Bernardoni, C. Paganelli, and G. Valli. 2014. A filter-based light-absorption measurement with polar photometer: Effects of sampling artefacts from organic carbon. j. Aerosol Sci. 70:15–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virkkula, A., N. C. Ahlquist, D. S. Covert, W. P. Arnott, P. J. Sheridan, P. K. Quinn, and D. J. Coffman. 2005. Modification, calibration and a field test of an instrument for measuring light absorption by particles. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 39 (1):68–83. doi: 10.1080/027868290901963.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virkkula, A., T. MäKelä, R. Hillamo, T. Yli-Tuomi, A. Hirsikko, K. Hämeri, and I. K. Koponen. 2007. A simple procedure for correcting loading effects of aethalometer data. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 57 (10):1214–22. doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Q., R.-J. Huang, J. Cao, Y. Han, G. Wang, G. Li, Y. Wang, W. Dai, R. Zhang, and Y. Zhou. 2014. Mixing state of black carbon aerosol in a heavily polluted urban area of China: Implications for light absorption enhancement. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 48 (7):689–97. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2014.917758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingartner, E., H. Saathoff, M. Schnaiter, N. Streit, B. Bitnar, and U. Baltensperger. 2003. Absorption of light by soot particles: Determination of the absorption coefficient by means of aethalometers. J. Aerosol Sci. 34 (10):1445–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson, G. N., and C. E. Rogers. 1973. Symbolic descriptions of factorial models for analysis of variance. Appl. Statist. 22 (3):392–99.
   Google Scholar
• World Meteorological Organization. 2016. WMO/GAW aerosol measurement procedures, guidelines and recommendations. WMO-No.1177 (GAW Report No. 227), World Meteorological Organization. ISBN 978-92-63-11177-7.
   Google Scholar