Combining sensor-based measurement and modeling of PM_2.5 and black carbon in assessing exposure to indoor aerosols

References

• Andreae, M., and A. Gelencsér. 2006. Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 (10):3131–3148. doi:10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apte, J. S., T. W. Kirchstetter, A. H. Reich, S. J. Deshpande, G. Kaushik, A. Chel, J. D. Marshall, and W. W. Nazaroff. 2011. Concentrations of fine, ultrafine, and black carbon particles in auto-rickshaws in New Delhi, India. Atmos. Environ. 45 (26):4470–4480. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballach, J., R. Hitzenberger, E. Schultz, and W. Jaeschke. 2001. Development of an improved optical transmission technique for black carbon (BC) analysis. Atmos. Environ. 35 (12):2089–2100. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00499-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, J. A., N. Alexis, H. Bacchus, I. L. Bernstein, P. Fritz, E. Horner, N. Li, S. Mason, A. Nel, J. Oullette, K. Reijula, T. Reponen, J. Seltzer, A. Smith, and S. M. Tarlo. 2008. The health effects of nonindustrial indoor air pollution. J. Allergy Clinical Immunol. 121 (3):585–591. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2007.10.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billings, P. G., J. E. Nolan, L. Alexander, L. K. Bender, D. V. Vleet, Z. Jump, S. Rappaport, J. M. Samet, N. Ballentine, T. Nimirowski., et al. 2018. State of the air 2018. Chicago, IL: American Lung Association.
   Google Scholar
• Chan, W. R., P. N. Price, M. D. Sohn, and A. J. Gadgil. 2003. Analysis of US residential air leakage database. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Charron, A., and R. M. Harrison. 2005. Fine (PM2. 5) and coarse (PM2. 5-10) particulate matter on a heavily trafficked London highway: sources and processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:7768–7776. doi:10.1021/es050462i.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho, S.-H., R. T. Chartier, K. Mortimer, M. Dherani, and T. Tafatatha. 2016. A personal particulate matter exposure monitor to support household air pollution exposure and health studies. In Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC), 2016, IEEE, 817–818.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, M. L., S. J. Reynolds, J. B. Burch, S. Conway, A. M. Bachand, and J. L. Peel. 2010. Indoor air pollution, Cookstove quality, and housing characteristics in two Honduran communities. Environ. Res. 110 (1):12–18. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.10.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clements, N., P. Keady, J. B. Emerson, N. Fierer, and S. L. Miller. 2018. Seasonal variability of airborne particulate matter and bacterial concentrations in Colorado homes. Atmosphere 9 (4):133. doi:10.3390/atmos9040133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, J., K. Isiugo, P. Ryan, S. A. Grinshpun, M. Yermakov, C. Desmond, R. Jandarov, S. Vesper, J. Ross, S. Chillrud, K. Dannemiller, and T. Reponen. 2018. Effectiveness of a portable air cleaner in removing aerosol particles in homes close to highways. Indoor Air 28 (6):818–827. doi:10.1111/ina.12502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dons, E., L. I. Panis, M. Van Poppel, J. Theunis, H. Willems, R. Torfs, and G. Wets. 2011. Impact of time–activity patterns on personal exposure to black carbon. Atmos. Environ. 45 (21):3594–3602. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutmer, C. M., A. M. Schiltz, A. Faino, N. Rabinovitch, S.-H. Cho, R. T. Chartier, C. E. Rodes, J. W. Thornburg, and A. H. Liu. 2015. Accurate assessment of personal air pollutant exposures in inner-city asthmatic children. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 135 (2):AB165. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1478.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferro, A. R., R. J. Kopperud, and L. M. Hildemann. 2004. Elevated personal exposure to particulate matter from human activities in a residence. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 14 (S1):S34. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, P. H., G. Hoek, H. van Reeuwijk, D. J. Briggs, E. Lebret, J. H. van Wijnen, S. Kingham, and P. E. Elliott. 2000. Traffic-related differences in outdoor and indoor concentrations of particles and volatile organic compounds in Amsterdam. Atmos. Environ. 34 (22):3713–3722. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00067-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gehring, U., A. H. Wijga, M. Brauer, P. H. Fischer, J. C. de Jongste, M. Kerkhof, M. Oldenwening, H. A. Smit, and B. Brunekreef. 2010. Traffic-related air pollution and the development of asthma and allergies during the first 8 years of life. Amer. J. Respiratory Critical Care Med. 181 (6):596–603. doi:10.1164/rccm.200906-0858OC.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good, N., A. Mölter, J. L. Peel, and J. Volckens. 2017. An accurate filter loading correction is essential for assessing personal exposure to black carbon using an aethalometer. J. Exposure Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 27 (4):409. doi:10.1038/jes.2016.71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grahame, T. J., R. Klemm, and R. B. Schlesinger. 2014. Public health and components of particulate matter: the changing assessment of black carbon. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 64 :620–660. doi:10.1080/10962247.2014.912692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagler, G. S. W., T. L. B. Yelverton, R. Vedantham, A. D. A. Hansen, and J. R. Turner. 2011. Post-processing method to reduce noise while preserving high time resolution in aethalometer real-time black carbon data. Aerosol Air Quality Res. 11 (5):539–546. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2011.05.0055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen, A. D. A. 2005. The Aethalometer, 1–209. Berkeley, California, USA: Magee Scientific Company.
   Google Scholar
• Health Effects Institute 2010. Traffic-related air pollution: a critical review of the literature on emissions, exposure, and health effects. In Health effects institute panel on the health effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Boston, MA: Health Effects Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Ihaka, R., and R. Gentleman. 1996. R: a language for data analysis and graphics. J. Comput. Graphical Statist. 5:299–314. doi:10.2307/1390807.
   Google Scholar
• Jamriska, M., L. Morawska, and K. Mergersen. 2008. The effect of temperature and humidity on size segregated traffic exhaust particle emissions. Atmos. Environ. 42 (10):2369–2382. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.038.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, C.-H., A. Traub, and G. J. Evans. 2017. Exposure to ultrafine particles and black carbon in diesel-powered commuter trains. Atmos. Environ. 155:46–52. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jerrett, M., M. Arain, P. Kanaroglou, B. Beckerman, D. Crouse, N. Gilbert, J. Brook, N. Finkelstein, and M. Finkelstein. 2007. Modeling the intraurban variability of ambient traffic pollution in Toronto, Canada. J. Toxicology Environ. Health, Part A 70 (3–4):200–212. doi:10.1080/15287390600883018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung, K. H., S. Lovinsky-Desir, B. Yan, D. Torrone, J. Lawrence, J. R. Jezioro, M. Perzanowski, F. P. Perera, S. N. Chillrud, and R. L. Miller. 2017. Effect of personal exposure to black carbon on changes in allergic asthma gene methylation measured 5 days later in urban children: importance of allergic sensitization. Clinical Epigenetics 9 (61):1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Jung, K. H., M. M. Patel, K. Moors, P. L. Kinney, S. N. Chillrud, R. Whyatt, L. Hoepner, R. Garfinkel, B. Yan, and J. Ross. 2010. Effects of heating season on residential indoor and outdoor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, black carbon, and particulate matter in an urban birth cohort. Atmos. Environ. 44 (36):4545–4552. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingham, S., D. Briggs, P. Elliott, P. Fischer, and E. Lebret. 2000. Spatial variations in the concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in indoor and outdoor air in Huddersfield, England. Atmos. Environ. 34 :905–916.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchstetter, T. W., and T. Novakov. 2007. Controlled generation of black carbon particles from a diffusion flame and applications in evaluating black carbon measurement methods. Atmos. Environ. 41 (9):1874–1888. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klepeis, N. E., W. C. Nelson, W. R. Ott, J. P. Robinson, A. M. Tsang, P. Switzer, J. V. Behar, S. C. Hern, and W. H. Engelmann. 2001. The national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 11 (3):231–252. doi:10.1038/sj.jea.7500165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis, M. S., G. A. Norris, R. W. Williams, and J. P. Weinstein. 2001. Personal exposures to PM2.5 mass and trace elements in baltimore, MD, USA. Atmos. Environ. 35 (36):6511–6524. doi:10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00407-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaRosa, L. E., T. J. Buckley, and L. A. Wallace. 2002. Real-time indoor and outdoor measurements of black carbon in an occupied house: an examination of sources. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 52:41–49. doi:10.1080/10473289.2002.10470758.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeMasters, G. K., K. Wilson, L. Levin, J. Biagini, P. Ryan, J. E. Lockey, S. Stanforth, S. Maier, J. Yang, J. Burkle, M. Villareal, G. K. Khurana Hershey, and D. I. Bernstein. 2006. High prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization among infants of atopic parents. J. Pediatrics 149 (4):505–511. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, C., N. Masey, H. Wu, M. Jackson, D. J. Carruthers, S. Reis, R. M. Doherty, I. J. Beverland, and M. R. Heal. 2017. Practical field calibration of portable monitors for mobile measurements of multiple air pollutants. Atmosphere 8 (12):231. doi:10.3390/atmos8120231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martuzevicius, D., S. Grinshpun, T. Lee, S. Hu, P. Biswas, T. Reponen, and G. LeMasters. 2008. Traffic-related PM 2.5 aerosol in residential houses located near major highways: indoor versus outdoor concentrations. Atmos. Environ 42 (27):6575–6585. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minet, L., J. Stokes, J. Scott, J. Xu, S. Weichenthal, and M. Hatzopoulou. 2018. Should traffic-related air pollution and noise be considered when designing urban bicycle networks? Transportation res. Part D: Transport Environment 65:736–749. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2018.10.012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukai, C., J. Siegel, and A. Novoselac. 2009. Impact of airflow characteristics on particle resuspension from indoor surfaces. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 43 (10):1022–1032. doi:10.1080/02786820903131073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council 2004. Research priorities for airborne particulate matter: Continuing research progress. IV. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH 2012. Components for evaluation of Direct-Reading monitors for gases and vapors. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, P., D. Bernstein, J. Lockey, T. Reponen, L. Levin, S. Grinshpun, M. Villareal, G. Khurana Hershey, J. Burkle, and G. LeMasters. 2009. Exposure to traffic-related particles and endotoxin during infancy is associated with wheezing at age 3 years. Amer. J. Respiratory Critical Care Med. 180 (11):1068–1075. doi:10.1164/rccm.200808-1307OC.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryan, P., G. LeMasters, L. Levin, J. Burkle, P. Biswas, S. Hu, S. Grinshpun, and T. Reponen. 2008. A land-use regression model for estimating microenvironmental diesel exposure given multiple addresses from birth through childhood. Sci. Total Environ. 404 (1):139–147. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman, M., and R. Chan. 2004. Building airtightness: research and practice state of the art review, Technical Report No. LBNL-53356, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Sloan, C. D., T. J. Philipp, R. K. Bradshaw, S. Chronister, W. B. Barber, and J. D. Johnston. 2016. Applications of GPS-tracked personal and fixed-location PM2.5 continuous exposure monitoring. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 66:53–65. doi:10.1080/10962247.2015.1108942.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens, B., and J. Siegel. 2012. Comparison of test methods for determining the particle removal efficiency of filters in residential and light-commercial Central HVAC systems. Aerosol sci. technol. 46 (5):504–513. doi:10.1080/02786826.2011.642825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens, B., and J. Siegel. 2012. Penetration of ambient submicron particles into single‐family residences and associations with building characteristics. Indoor Air 22 (6):501–513. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00779.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine 2016. Health risks of indoor exposure to particulate matter: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies of Press.
   Google Scholar
• Thurston, G., K. Ito, and R. Lall. 2011. A source apportionment of US fine particulate matter air pollution. Atmos. Environ. 45 (24):3924–3936. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian, Y., K. Sul, J. Qian, S. Mondal, and A. R. Ferro. 2014. A comparative study of walking‐induced dust resuspension using a consistent test mechanism. Indoor Air 24 (6):592–603. doi:10.1111/ina.12107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torkmahalleh, M., I. Goldasteh, Y. Zhao, N. Udochu, A. Rossner, P. Hopke, and A. Ferro. 2012. PM2.5 and ultrafine particles emitted during heating of commercial cooking oils. Indoor Air 22 (6):483–491. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00783.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tunno, B., K. Shields, L. Cambal, S. Tripathy, F. Holguin, P. Lioy, and J. Clougherty. 2015. Indoor air sampling for fine particulate matter and black carbon in industrial communities in Pittsburgh. Sci. Total Environ. 536:108–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vesper, S., R. Prill, L. Wymer, L. Adkins, R. Williams, and F. Fulk. 2015. Mold contamination in schools with either high or low prevalence of asthma. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 26 (1):49–53. doi:10.1111/pai.12324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpino, P., F. Tomei, C. La Valle, E. Tomao, M. Rosati, M. Ciarrocca, S. De Sio, B. Cangemi, R. Vigliarolo, and F. Fedele. 2004. Respiratory and cardiovascular function at rest and during exercise testing in a healthy working population: effects of outdoor traffic air pollution. Occupational Med. 54 (7):475–482. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqh102.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, F. 2001. Confidence interval for the mean of non‐normal data. Quality Rel. Eng. Int. 17 (4):257–267. doi:10.1002/qre.400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, B., D. Kennedy, R. Miller, J. Cowin, K.-H. Jung, M. Perzanowski, M. Balletta, F. Perera, P. Kinney, and S. Chillrud. 2011. Validating a nondestructive optical method for apportioning colored particulate matter into black carbon and additional components. Atmos. Environ. 45 (39):7478–7486. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, T., S. Chillrud, J. Ji, Y. Chen, M. Pitiranggon, W. Li, Z. Liu, and B. Yan. 2017. Comparison of PM2.5 exposure in hazy and non-hazy days in Nanjing, China. Aerosol Air Qual Res. 17 (9):2235–2246. doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.07.0301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar