412
Views
69
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Thresholds for Laser-Induced Ion Formation from Aerosols in a Vacuum Using Ultraviolet and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Laser Wavelengths

, &
Pages 544-559 | Received 05 Aug 1996, Accepted 15 Jan 1997, Published online: 13 Jun 2007

References

  • Armstrong , R. L. ( 1988 ). Laser-Induced Droplet Heating , in Optical Effects Associated with Small Particles. ( P. W. Barber and R. K. Chang , eds. ) World Scientific , New Jersey , pp. 203 – 275 .
  • Barton , J. P. , Alexander , D. R. , and Schaub , S. A. ( 1988 ). Internal and Near-Surface Electromagnetic Fields for a Spherical Particle Irradiated by a Focused Laser Beam . J. Appl. Opt. 64 : 1632 – 1639 .
  • Burley , J. D. and Johnston , H. S. ( 1992 ). Ionic Mechanisms for Heterogeneous Stratospheric Reactions and Ultravioet Photoabsorption Cross Section for NO2+ , HNO3, and NO3− in Sulfuric Acid . Geophys. Res. Lett. 19 : 1359 – 1362 .
  • Carson , P. G. , Neubauer , K. R. , Johnston , M. V. , and Wexler , A. S. ( 1995 ). On-Line Chemical Analysis of Aerosols by Rapid Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry . J. Aerosol Sci. 26 : 535 – 545 .
  • Chylek , P. , Pendleton , J. D. , and Pinnick , R. G. ( 1985 ). Internal and Near-Surface Scattered Field of a Spherical Particle at Resonant Conditions . Appl. Opt. 24 : 3940 – 3942 .
  • Etzel , H. W. and Patterson , D. A. ( 1958 ). Optical Properties of Alkali Halides Containing Hydroxyl Ions . Phys. Rev. 112 : 1112 – 1116 .
  • Gandrud , B. W. , Sperry , P. D. , Sanford , L. , Kelly , K. K. , Ferry , G. V. , and Chan , K. R. ( 1989 ). Filter Measurement Results from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment . J. Geophys. Res. 94D : 11285 – 11297 .
  • Handbook of Chemistry and Physics ( 1980 ). ( R. C. Weast , ed. ) CRC Press , Boca Raton , Florida .
  • Hanson , D. R. and Lovejoy , E. R. ( 1995 ). The Reaction of CIONO2 with Submicrometer Sulfuric Acid Aerosol . Science 267 : 1326 – 1328 .
  • Hanson , D. R. and Lovejoy , E. R. ( 1996 ). Heterogeneous Reactions in Liquid Sulfuric Acid: HOCI + HCI as a Model System . J. Phys. Chem. 100 : 6397 – 6405 .
  • Hayes , D. , Snetsinger , K. , Ferry , G. , Oberbeck , V. , and Farlow N. ( 1980 ). Reactivity of Stratospheric Aerosols to Small Amounts of Ammonia in the Laboratory Environment . Geophys. Res. Lett. 7 : 974 – 976 .
  • Hilsch , R. and Pohl , R. W. ( 1929 ). Die in Luft messbaren ultravioletten Dispersions-frequenzen der Alkalihalogenide . Zeit Phys. 57 : 145 – 153 .
  • Hilsch , R. and Pohi , R. W. ( 1930a ). Einige Dispersionsfrequenzen der Alkalihalogenidkristalle im Schumannigebiet . Zeit. Phys. 59 : 812 – 819 .
  • Hilsch , R. and Pohl , R. W. ( 1930b ). Zur Photochemie der Alkali- und Silberhalogenidkristalle . Zeit. Phys. 64 : 606 – 622 .
  • Hinz , K.-P. , Kaufmann , R. , and Spengler , B. ( 1996 ). Simultaneous Detection of Positive and Negative Ions from Single Airborne Particles by Real-Time Laser Mass Spectrometry . Aerosol Sci. Technol. 24 : 233 – 242 .
  • Hofmann , D. J. and Rosen , J. M. ( 1984 ). Measurement of the Sulfuric Acid Weight Percent in Stratospheric Aerosol from the El Chichon Eruption . Geofis. Int. 23 : 309 – 320 .
  • Kaufmann , R. L. ( 1986 ). Laser-Microprobe Mass Spectroscopy (LAMMA) of Particulate Matter , in Physical and Chemical Characterization of Individual Airborne Particles. ( K. R. Spurny , ed. ) John Wiley & Sons , New York , pp. 233 – 237 .
  • Mamyrin , B. A. , Karataev , V. I. , Shmikk , D. V. , and Zagulin , V. A. ( 1973 ). The Mass-Reflectron, a New Nonmagnetic Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with High Resolution . Sou. Phys. JEPT 37 : 45 – 48 .
  • McKeown , P. J. , Johnston , M. V. , and Murphy , D. M. ( 1991 ). On-Line Single-Particle Analysis by Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry . Anal. Chem. 63 : 2069 – 2073 .
  • Middlebrook , A. M. , Thomson , D. S. , and Murhpy , D. M. ( 1997 ). On the Purity of Laboratory-Generated Sulfuric Acid Droplets and Ambient Particles Studied by Laser Mass Spectrometry . Aerosol Sci. Technol. (in press).
  • Morton , R. A. ( 1942 ). The Application of Absorption Spectra to the Study of Vitamins, Hormones, and Coenzymes. A. Hilger , London .
  • Murphy , D. M. and Thomson , D. S. ( 1995 ). Laser Ionization Mass Spectroscopy of Single Aerosol Particles . Aerosol Sci. Technol. 22 : 237 – 249 .
  • Murphy , D. M. , Thomson , D. S. , Middlebrook , A. M. , and Schein , M. E. ( 1997 ) Manuscript in preparation for submission to J. Geophys. Res., ACE-1 special issue.
  • Noble , C. A. , and Prather , K. A. ( 1996 ). Real-Time Measurement of Correlated Size and Composition Profiles of Individual Atmospheric Aerosol Particles . Env. Sci. Tech. 30 : 2667 – 2680 .
  • Park , B.-S. and Armstrong , R. L. ( 1989 ). Laser Droplet Heating: Fast and Slow Heating Regimes . Appl. Opt. 28 : 3671 – 3680 .
  • Pueshel , R. F. , Snetsinger , K. G. , Goodman , J. K. , Toon , O. B. , Ferry , G. V. , Oberbeck , V. R. , Livingston , J. M. , Verma , S. , Fong , W. , Starr , W. L. , and Chan , K. R. ( 1989 ). Condensed Nitrate, Sulfate, and Chloride in Antarctic . J. Geophys. Res. 94D : 11 , 271-11,284.
  • Schagen , P. ( 1974 ). Image Tubes with Channel Electron Multiplication , in Advances in Image Pickup and Display. ( B. Kazan , ed. ) Academic Press , New York , Vol. 1 , pp. 21 – 26 .
  • Steele , H. M. and Hamill , P. ( 1981 ). Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Growth and Optical Properties of Sulfuric Acid-Water Droplets in the Stratosphere . J. Aerosol Sci. 12 : 517 – 528 .
  • Teegarden , K. ( 1957 ). Fine Structure in the Exciton Bands of the Alkali Halides . Phys. Rev. 108 : 660 – 662 .
  • Thomson , D. S. and Murphy , D. M. ( 1993 ). Laser-Induced Ion Formation Thresholds of Aerosol Particles in a Vacuum . Appl. Opt. 32 : 6818 – 6826 .
  • Warren , S. G. ( 1984 ). Optical Constants of Ice from the Ultraviolet to the Microwave . Appl. Opt. 23 : 1206 – 1225 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.