Theoretical Analysis of Hygroscopic Growth Rate of Mainstream and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke Particles in the Human Respiratory Tract

References

• Chen , B. T. , Ghermon , J. , Yeh , H. C. , Mauderly , J. L. , and Cuddihy , R. G. ( 1990 ). Physical Characterization of Cigarette Smoke Aerosol Generated from a Walton Smok . Machine. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 12 : 364 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cinkotai , F. F. ( 1968 ). The Growth of Cigarette Smoke Particles Suspended on Fine Platinum Wire in Noise Air . Beitr. zur Tabakforschung 4 : 189 – 195 .
   Google Scholar
• Cocks , A. T. , and Fernando , R. P. ( 1982 ). The Growth of Sulphate Aerosols in the Human Airways . J. Aerosol Sci. 13 : 9 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalhamn , T. , Edfors , M. , and Rylander , R. ( 1968 ). Retention of Cigarette Smoke Components in Human Lungs . Arch. Environ. Health 17 : 746 – 748 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies , C. N. ( 1988 ). Cigarette Smoke: Generation and Properties of the Aerosol . J. Aerosol Sci. 19 : 463 – 469 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferron , G. A. , Haider , B. , and Kreyling , W. G. ( 1984 ). Conditions for Measuring Supersaturation in the Human Lung Using Aerosols . J. Aerosol Sci. 15 : 211 – 215 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferron , G. A. ( 1977 ). The Size of Soluble Aerosol Particles as a Function of the Humidity of the Air: Application to the Human Respiratory Tract . J. Aerosol Sci. 3 : 251 – 267 .
   Google Scholar
• Friedlander , S. K. ( 1977 ). Smoke, Dust and Haze. Wiley , New York , pp. 209 – 261 .
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs , N. A. ( 1959 ). Evaporation and Droplet Growth in Gaseous Media. Pergamon , New York , pp. 1 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Hicks , J. F. , Pritchard , J. N. , Black , A. , and Megaw , W. J. ( 1986 ). Aerosols: Formation and Reactivity, Second International Aerosol Conference Berlin , Pergamon Journals Ltd. , United Kingdom , pp. 244 – 247 .
   Google Scholar
• Hiller , F. C. , McCusker , K. T. , Mazumder , M. K. , Wilson , J. D. , and Bone , R. C. ( 1982 ). Deposition of Sidestream Cigarette Smoke in the Human Respiratory Tract . Amer. Rev. Respir. Dis. 25 : 406 – 408 .
   Google Scholar
• Hinds , W. , First , M. W. , Huber , G. L. , and Shea , J. W. ( 1983 ). A Method for Measuring Respiratory Deposition of Cigarette Smoke during Smoking . Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 44 : 113 – 118 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinds , W. C. ( 1982 ). Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles. Wiley , New York , pp. 249 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Ishizu , Y. , Ohta , K. , and Okada , T. ( 1980 ). The Effect of Moisture on the Growth of Cigarette Smoke Particles . Beitr. zur Tabakforschung 10 : 161 – 168 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishizu , Y. , Ohta , K. , and Okada , T. ( 1978 ). Changes in the Particle Size and the Concentration of Cigarette Smoke through the Column of a Cigarette . J. Aerosol Sci. 9 : 25 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• Kousaka , Y. , Okuyama , K. , and Wang , C. ( 1982 ). Response of Cigarette Smoke Particles to Change in Humidity . J. Chem. Eng. Jpn. 15 : 75 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , W. ( 1993 ). The Hygroscopicity of Indoor Aerosol Particles. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry, clarkson University, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Lide , D. R. , ed. ( 1996 ). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics : 77th ed. CRC Press , Boca Raton , FL , pp. 6 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Martonen , T. B. ( 1982 ). Analytical Model of Hygroscopic Particle Behavior in Human Airways . Bull. Math. Biol. 44 : 425 – 442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell , J. C. ( 1890 ). Diffusion. The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. ( W. Niven , ed. ). Cambridge University Press , Cambridge . Vol. 2 , pp. 625 – 646 .
   Google Scholar
• McCusker , K. , Hiller , C. , Mazumder , M. , and Bone , R. ( 1981 ). Dynamic Growth of Cigarette Smoke Particles . Chest 80 : 349 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell , R. I. ( 1962 ). Controlled Measurement of Smoke-Particle Retention in the Respiratory Tract . Amer. Rev. Resp. Dis. 85 : 526 – 533 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrow , P. E. , and Yu , C. P. ( 1985 ). Models of Aerosol Behavior in Airways. Aerosols in Medicine, Principles, Diagnosis and Therapy. ( F. Mor én, M. T. Newhouse and M. B. Dolovich , eds. ) Elsevier , New York , pp. 149 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• Muller , W. J. , Hess , G. D. , and Scherer , P. W. ( 1990 ). A Model of Cigarette Smoke Particle Deposition . Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 51 : 245 – 256 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Persons , D. D. , Hess , G. , Muller , W. J. , and Scherer , P. W. ( 1987 ). Airway Deposition of Hygroscopic Heterodispersed Aerosols: Results of a Computer Calculation . J. Appl. Physiol. 63 : 1195 – 1204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Postendorfer , J. , and Schraub , A. ( 1972 ). Concentration and Mean Particle Size of the Main and Sidestream Cigarette Smoke . Staub-Rein-halt. Luft. 32 : 33 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Soderholm , S. C. , and Ferron , G. A. ( 1992 ). Estimating Effects of Evaporation and Condensation on Volatile Aerosols During Inhalation Exposures . J. Aerosol Sci. , 23 : 257 – 277 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar