REFERENCES
- Ahmed , S. N. and Petchkovsky , L. 1980 . Abuse of ketamine . British Journal of Psychiatry , 137 : 303
- Byer , D. E. and Gould , A. B. 1981 . Development of tolerance to ketamine in an infant undergoing repeated anaesthesia . Anaesthesiology , 54 : 255 – 56 .
- Cohen , S. A. and Muller , W. E. 1993 . Effects of piracetam on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor properties in the aged mouse brain . Pharmacology , 47 ( 4 ) : 217 – 22 .
- Cumming , J. F. 1976 . The development of an acute tolerance to ketamine . Anesthesia and Analgesia , 55 : 788 – 91 .
- Dalgamo , P. J. and Shewan , D. 1996 . Illicit use of ketamine in Scotland . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 28 ( 2 ) : 191 – 99 .
- Elliot , K. 1995 . N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, mu and kappa opioid tolerance and perspectives on new analgesic drug development . Neuropsychopharmacology , 13 ( 4 ) : 347 – 56 .
- Grof , S. 1988 . The Adventure of Self-Discovery—Dimensions of Consciousness and New Perspectives in Psychotherapy and Inner Exploration. Albany : State University of New York Press. .
- Hall , C. H. and Cassidy , J. 1992 . “ Young drug users adopt bad trip anaesthetic. ” . In The Independent 5 April 2
- Herman , B. H. , Vocci , F. and Bridge , P. 1995 . The effects of NMDA receptor antagonists and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on opioid tolerance and withdrawal. Medication development issues for opiate addiction . Neuropsychopharmacology , 13 ( 4 ) : 269 – 93 .
- Hirota , K. , Okawa , H. , Appadu , B. L. , Grandy , D. K. , Devi , L. A. and Lambert , D. G. 1999 . Stereoselective interaction of ketamine with recombinant mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells . Anesthesiology , 90 ( 1 ) : 174 – 82 .
- Hurt , P. H. and Ritchie , E. C. 1994 . A case of ketamine dependence . American Journal of Psychiatry , 151 : 779
- Irifune , M. 1997 . Effects of ketamine on dopamine metabolism during anesthesia in discrete brain regions in mice: Comparison with the effects during the recovery and subanesthetic phases . Brain Research , 763 ( 2 ) : 281 – 4 .
- Irifune , M. 1991 . Ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion associated with alteration of pre-synaptic components of dopamine neurons in the nucleus accumbens of mice . Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour , 40 : 399 – 407 .
- James , W. 1902[1958] . The Varieties of Religious Experience. New York : New American Library. .
- Jansen , K. L.R. 2001 . Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. Sarasota, Florida : Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies. . order from: http://www.maps.org
- Jansen , K. L.R. 2000 . A review of the nonmedical use of ketamine: Use, users ad consequences . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 32 ( 4 ) : 419 – 33 .
- Jansen , K. L.R. 1999 . Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence . Drug and Alcohol Dependence , 53 : 151 – 4 .
- Jansen , K. L.R. 1997 . The ketamine model of the near-death experience: A central role for the NMDA receptor . Journal of Near-Death Studies , 16 ( 1 ) : 5 – 27 .
- Jansen , K. L.R. 1990 . Ketamine: Can chronic use impair memory ? . International Journal of the Addictions , 25 : 133 – 39 .
- Kamaya , H. and Krishna , P. R. 1987 . Ketamine addiction . Anesthesiology , 67 : 861 – 62 .
- Khanna , J. M. 1998 . Effect of NMDA antagonists on development of rapid tolerance to various barbiturates . Alcohol , 15 ( 1 ) : 9 – 18 .
- Khanna , J. M. , Chau , A. and Shah , G. 1997 . Effect of NMDA antagonists on rapid tolerance to benzodiazepines . Brain Research Bulletin , 42 ( 2 ) : 99 – 103 .
- Khanna , J. M. , Shah , G. and Chau , A. 1997 . Effect of NMDA antagonists on rapid tolerance to ethanol under two different testing paradigms . Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , 57 ( 4 ) : 693 – 97 .
- Koek , W. 1989 . The phencyclidine (PCP) analog TCP shares cocaine-like but not other characteristic behavioral effects with PCP, ketamine, and MK-801 . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 250 : 1019 – 27 .
- Krystal , J. H. 1998 . Dose-related ethanol-like effects of the NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in recently detoxified alcoholics . Archives of General Psychiatry , 55 ( 4 ) : 354 – 60 .
- Krupitsky , E. M. and Grinenko , A. Y. 1997 . Ketamine psychedelic therapy (KPT): A review of the results of ten years of research . Journal of Psychoactive Drugs , 29 ( 2 ) : 165 – 83 .
- Lilly , J. C. 1978 . The Scientist: A Novel Autobiography. New York : Bantam Books/J. B. Lippincott. .
- Lu , Y. , France , C. P. and Woods , J. H. 1992 . Tolerance to the cataleptic effect of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists in pigeons: Cross-tolerance between PCP-like compounds and competitive NMDA antagonists . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 263 ( 2 ) : 499 – 504 .
- MacLennan , F. M. 1982 . Ketamine tolerance and hallucinations in children . Anesthesia , 37 : 1214 – 25 .
- Maneta , M. P. 1976 . Biodisposition of ketamine in the rat: Self-induction of metabolism . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 196 : 536 – 64 .
- Manohar , S. , Maxwell , D. and Winters , W. D. 1972 . Development of E.E.G seizure activity during and after chronic ketamine administration in the rat . Neuropharmacology , II : 819
- McCarthy , D. A. and Harrigan , S. E. 1976 . Dependence producing capacity of ketamine in Macaca mulatta . Anaesthesiology , 399 : 160 – 68 .
- Meliska , C. J. and Trevort , A. J. 1978 . Differential effects of ketamine on schedule-controlled responding and motility . Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behaviour , 8 : 679 – 83 .
- Miller , W. R. and Rollnick , S. 1991 . Motivational Interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior New York : Guildford Press. .
- Mills , H. 1996 . “ Party perils. ” . In The Observer 10 December 29
- Mills , I. H. , Park , G. R. , Manara , A. R. and Merriman , R. J. 1998 . Treatment of compulsive behavior in eating disorders with intermittent ketamine infusions . Quarterly Journal of Medicine , 91 ( 7 ) : 493 – 503 .
- Moore , M. and Alltounian , H. 1978 . Journeys into the Bright World. Massachusetts : Para Research. .
- Moreton , J. E. 1977 . Ketamine self-administration by the rhesus monkey . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 203 : 303 – 09 .
- Morita , T. 1995 . Repeated ketamine administration produces up-regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the forebrain. and reduces behavioral sensitivity to scopolamine in mice . Psychopharmacology Series (Berlin) , 117 ( 4 ) : 396 – 402 .
- Orser , B. , Smith , D. , Henderson , S. and Gelb , A. 1997 . Magnesium deficiency increases ketamine sensitivity in rats . Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia , 44 ( 8 ) : 883 – 90 .
- Pfeiffer , A. , Brantl , V. , Herz , A. and Emrich , H. M. 1986 . Psychotomimesis mediated by k opiate receptors . Science , 233 : 774 – 6 .
- Richardson , J. D. , Aanonsen , L. and Hargreaves , K. M. 1998 . Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia . Journal of Neuroscience , 18 ( 1 ) : 451 – 57 .
- Shimoyama , N. 1996 . Ketamine attenuates and reverses morphine tolerance in rodents . Anesthesiology , 85 ( 6 ) : 1357 – 66 .
- Siegel , R. K. 1978 . “ Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: A study of recreational users. ” . In Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal. Edited by: Peterson , R. C. and Stillman , R. C. Rockville, Maryland : NIDA. . NIDA Research Monograph 21
- Smith , D. J. 1980 . The interaction of ketamine with the opiate receptor . Life Sciences , 26 : 789 – 95 .
- Sputz , R. 1989 . I never met a reality I didn't like: A report on ‘Vitamin K’ . High Times , 64 – 82 . October
- Stella , N. , Schweitzer , P. and Piomelli , D. 1997 . A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation . Nature , 388 ( 6644 ) : 773 – 78 .
- Taube , H. D. 1975 . Phencyclidine and ketamine: Comparison with the effect of cocaine on the noradrenergic neurons of the rat brain cortex . Naunyn-Schmeidebergs Archives of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology , 291 : 47 – 54 .
- Turner , D. M. 1994 . The Essential Guide to Psychedelics. California : Panther Press. . out of print, but located at http://www.geocities.com/HotSprings/Spa/4558/
- Tweed , W. A. , Minick , M. and Mymin , D. 1972 . Circulatory responses to ketamine . Anesthesiology , 37 : 613 – 19 .
- Uchihashi , Y. 1993 . The repeated administration of ketamine induces an enhancement of its stimulant action in mice . Japanese Journal of Pharmacology , 61 : 149 – 51 .
- Wallace , B. C. 1991 . Crack Cocaine: A Practical Treatment Approach for the Chemically Dependent. New York : Bruner/Mazel. .
- Winters , W. D. 1988 . Ketamine- and morphine-induced analgesia and catalepsy. I. Tolerance, cross-tolerance, potentiation, residual morphine levels and naloxone action in the rat . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 244 : 51 – 57 .
- World Health Organization . 1992 . The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva : WHO. .
- Yang , X. 1996 . Evidence for a selective effect of ethanol on N-methyl-d-aspartate responses: Ethanol affects a subtype of the ifenprodil-sensitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors . Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , 278 ( 1 ) : 114 – 24 .
- Zsigmond , E. K. and Kelsch , R. C. 1974 . Elevated plasma norepinephrine concentration during ketamine anesthesia . Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 14 : 149