88
Views
37
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
SHORT COMMUNICATION

Changing Patterns of Cocaine Use and HIV Risks in the South of Brazil

, , , , , & show all
Pages 305-310 | Published online: 09 Sep 2011

REFERENCES

  • Bergenström , A. and Sherr , L. 2000 . A review of HIV testing policies and procedures for pregnant women in public maternity units of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil . AIDS Care , 12 ( 2 ) : 177 – 86 .
  • Brazilian Ministry of Health . 2005 . Boletim Epidemiológico—AIDS: Anoll N° 01 - 01a 26a Semanas Epidemiológicas Janeiro a Junho De 2005. Available at: http://www.aids.gov.br/finallbiblioteca
  • Brazilian Ministry of Health . 2003 . Boletim Epidemiológico—AIDS: Ano XVII N°01 - 01 À 52 Semanas Epidemiológicas Janeiro a Dezembro De 2003. Available at: http://www.aids.gov.br/final/biblioteca/boletim_dezembro_2003/index.asp
  • Brazilian Ministry of Health . 2000 . Boletim Epidemiológico—AIDS: Ano XIII N° 03 - 36a 52a Semanas Epidemiológicas Outubro a Dezembro De 2000. Available at: http://www.aids.gov.br/final/sitebol/Pai.htm
  • Butters , J. and Erickson , P. G. 2003 . Meeting the health care needs of female crack users: A Canadian example . Women & Health , 37 ( 3 ) : 1 – 17 .
  • Chitwood , D. D. , Rivers , J. E. and Inciardi , J. A. 1996 . The American Pipe Dream: Crack Cocaine and the Inner City. Fort Worth, TX : Harcourt Brace College Publishers. .
  • Daniel , H. and Parker , R. 1993 . Sexuality, Politics, and AIDS in Brazil. London : The Falmer Press. .
  • Davis , W. R. , Johnson , B. D. and Liberty , H. J. 2004 . Characteristics of hidden status among users of crack, powder cocaine, and heroin in central Harlem . Journal of Drug Issues , 34 ( 1 ) : 219 – 44 .
  • De Boni , R. and Pechansky , F. 2002 . Age and gender as risk factors for the transmission of HIV in a sample of drug users of Porto Alegre, Brazil . Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria , 24 ( 3 ) : 137 – 40 .
  • Ferri , C. P. , Laranjeira , R. R. , da Silveira , D. A. , Dunn , J. and Formigoni , M. L. 1997 . Increase in crack users attending treatment services in Sāo Paulo: 1990–1993 . Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira , 43 ( 1 ) : 25 – 28 .
  • Galduróz , J C. , Noto , A. R. , Nappo , S. A. and Carlini , E. A. 2004 . Trends in drug use among students in Brazil: Analysis of four surveys in 1987. 1989, 1993 and 1997 . Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , 37 ( 4 ) : 523 – 31 .
  • Galduróz , J. C. , Noto , A. R. , Nappo , S. A. and Carlini , E. A. 2003 . First household survey on drug abuse in Sāo Paulo, Brazil, 1999: Principal findings . Sao Paulo Medical Journal , 121 ( 6 ) : 231 – 37 .
  • Gentry , Q. M. 2004 . Risk in the rough: An ethnographic inquiry of how poor African-American women who smoke crack reduce their risks for HIV-infection . Dissertation Abstracts International , 64 ( 7 ) June 2651-A
  • Inciardi , J. A. 1993 . “ Crack cocaine in the Americas. ” . In Brasil United States Binational Research. Edited by: Monteiro , M. G. and Inciardi , J. A. Sao Paulo, , Brasil : CEBRID. .
  • Inciardi , J. A. 1992 . The War on Drugs II: The Continuing Epic of Heroin, Cocaine, Crack, Crime, AIDS, and Public Policy. Mountain View, CA : Mayfield Publishing Company. .
  • Inciardi , J. A. , Surratt , H. L. and Telles , P. R. 2000 . Sex, Drugs and HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Boulder, CO : Westview Press. .
  • Lima , A. F.B. , Pechansky , F. and Genro , V. K. 2002 . Soropositividade para HIV entre usuários de drogas em Porto Alegre: Uma comparaçāo entre usuários e nāo-usuános de drogas in jetáveis . Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria , 51 ( 5 ) : 323 – 26 .
  • Menegat , R. 1999 . Atlas Ambeintal De Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre : UFRGS. .
  • Nappo , S. A. , Tabach , R. , Noto , A. R. , Galduróz , J. C. and Carlini , E. A. 2002 . Use of anorectic amphetamine-like drugs by Brazilian women . Eating Behaviors , 3 ( 2 ) : 153 – 65 .
  • Neale , J. and Robertson , M. 2004 . Recent cocaine and crack use among new drug treatment clients in Scotland . Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy , 11 ( 1 ) : 79 – 90 .
  • Parker , R. G. 1999 . Beneath the Equator: Cultures of Desire, Male Homosexuality, and Emerging Gay Communities in Brazil. London : Routledge. .
  • Pechansky , F. and Bicca , C. H.M. 2002 . Estudo-piloto sobre o uso de preservativo feminino em mulheres que buscam atendimento em um centro de triagem para HIV/AIDS em Porto Alegre . Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria , 51 ( 4 ) : 217 – 22 .
  • Pechansky , F. , Soibelman , M. and Kohlrausch , E. 1997 . Assessment of risk situations for HIV transmission among drug abusers in Porto Alegre, Brazil . Journal of Drug Issues , 27 ( 1 ) : 147 – 54 .
  • Pechansky , F. and von Diemen , L. 1999 . Homens e mulheres usuários de drogas: Semelhanças e diferenças na exposiçāo ao vírus HIV em Porto Alegre . Revista da Associaçāo Brasileira de Estudos do Álcool e outras Drogas—ABEAD , 1/2 : 15 – 25 .
  • Pechansky , F. , Von Diemen , L. , Kessler , F. , Hirakata , V. , Metzger , D. and Woody , G. E. 2003 . Preliminary estimates of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence incidence among cocaine abusers in Porto Alegre, Brazil . Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine , 30 ( 1 ) : 115 – 26 .
  • Pechansky , F. , Inciardi , J. A. , Surratt , H. L. , Lima , A. F.B. , Kessler , F. P. , Soibelman , M. and Hirakata , V. 2000 . Estudo sobre as characterísticas de usuários de drogas injetáveis que buscam atendimento em Porto Alegre, RS [A study on the characteristics of intravenous drug users who seek treatment in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil] . Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria , 22 ( 4 ) : 164 – 71 .
  • Quinn , T. C. , Narain , J. P. and Zacarias , F. R. K. 1990 . AIDS in the Americas: A public health priority for the region . AIDS , 4 : 709 – 24 .
  • Roberts , A. C. , Wechsberg , W. M. and Zule , W. 2003 . Contextual factors and other correlates of sexual risk of HIV among African-American crack-abusing women . Addictive Behaviors , 28 ( 3 ) : 523 – 36 .
  • Rodrigues , L. and Chequer , P. 1989 . AIDS in Brazil, 1982–1988 . PAHO Bulletin , 23 : 30 – 34 .
  • Surratt , H. L. and Telles , P. R. 2000 . “ Harm reduction in Brazil: Issues and experiences. ” . In Harm Reduction: National and International Perspectives. Edited by: Inciardi , J. A. and Harrison , L. D. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. .
  • UNAIDS . 2006 . 2006 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Available at: http://www.unaids.org/en/HIV_data/2006GlobalReport/default.asp
  • UNAIDS . 2004 . 2004 Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic: 4th Global Report Geneva : UNAIDS. .
  • Wechsberg , W. M. , Lam , W. K. and Zule , W. A. 2004 . Efficacy of a woman-focused intervention to reduce HIV risk and increase self-sufficiency among African American crack abusers . American Journal of Public Health , 94 ( 7 ) : 1165 – 73 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.