102
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Patterns of Ketamine Use Among Young Injection Drug Users

&
Pages 21-29 | Published online: 08 Sep 2011

REFERENCES

  • Agar , M. 1996 . Recasting the “ethno” in epidemiology . Medical Anthropology , 16 : 391 – 403 .
  • Armitage , E. A. , Wetmore , L. A. , Chan , D. L. and Lindsey , J. C. 2005 . Evaluation of compliance among nursing staff in administration of prescribed analgesic drugs to critically ill dogs and cats . Journal of American Veterinarian Medical Association , 227 ( 3 ) : 425 – 29 .
  • Becker , H. S. 1967 . History, culture and subjective experience: An exploration of the social bases of drug-induced experiences . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 8 ( 3 ) : 163 – 76 .
  • Becker , H. S. 1963 . Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York : Free Press. .
  • Becker , H. S. 1953 . Becoming a marihuana user . American Journal of Sociology , 59 ( 3 ) : 235 – 42 .
  • Bergman , S. A. 1999 . Ketamine: Review of its pharmacology and its use in pediatric anesthesia . Anesthesia Progress , 46 : 10 – 20 .
  • Biernacki , P. and Waldorf , D. 1981 . Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling . Sociological Methods & Research , 10 ( 2 ) : 141 – 63 .
  • Carlson , R. G. , McCaughan , J. A. , Falck , R. S. , Wang , J. , Siegal , H. A. and Daniulaityte , R. 2004 . Perceived adverse consequences associated with MDMA/Ecstasy use among young polydrug users in Ohio: Implications for intervention . International Journal of Drug Policy , 15 : 265 – 74 .
  • Carnwath , T. and Smith , I. 2002 . Heroin Century. London : Routledge. .
  • Clatts , M. , Welle , D. and Goldsamt , L. A. 2001 . Reconceptualizing the interaction of drug and sexual risk among MSM speed users: Notes toward an ethno-epidemiology . AIDS and Behavior , 5 ( 2 ) : 115 – 29 .
  • Clatts , M. , Welle , D. , Goldsamt , L. and Lankenau , S. 2002 . An ethno-epidemiological model for the study of trends in illicit drug use: Reflections on the “emergence” of crack injection . International Journal of Drug Policy , 13 : 285 – 95 .
  • Cloward , R. and Ohlin , L. 1960 . Delinquency and Opportunity: A Theory of Delinquent Gangs. London : Collier-Macmillian. .
  • Community Epidemiology Working Group (CEWG) . 2005 . Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse. Volume I: Highlights and Executive Summary. Bethesda, MD : National Institute of Health, Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute of Drug Abuse. . NIH Publication No. 05–5364A
  • Copeland , J. and Dillon , P. 2005 . The health and psycho-social consequences of ketamine use . International Journal of Drug Policy , 16 : 122 – 31 .
  • Cooley , C. H. 1964 . Human Nature and Social Order. , Revised Ed. New York : Schocken Books. .
  • Corssen , G. and Domino , E. F. 1966 . Dissociative anesthesia: Further pharmacologic studies and first clinical experience with the phencyclidine derivative CI-581 . Anesthesia and Analgesia Current Researches , 45 ( 1 ) : 191 – 99 .
  • Crofts , N. , Louie , R. , Rosenthal , D. and Jolley , D. 1996 . The first hit: Circumstances surrounding initiation into injecting . Addiction , 91 ( 8 ) : 1187 – 96 .
  • Curran , V. and Morgan , C. 2000 . Cognitive, dissociative and psychotogenic effects of ketamine in recreational users on the night of drug use and 3 days later . Addiction , 95 ( 4 ) : 575 – 90 .
  • Des Jarlais , D. C. , Friedman , S. R. , Perlis , T. , Chapman , T. F. , Sotheran , J. L. , Paone , D. , Monterroso , E. and Neaigus , A. 1999 . Risk behavior and HIV infection among new injectors in the era of AIDS in New York City . Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Human Retrovirology , 20 ( 1 ) : 67 – 72 .
  • Dorn , N. and South , N. 1990 . Drug markets and law enforcement . British Journal of Criminology , 30 ( 2 ) : 171 – 88 .
  • Faupel , C. E. 1991 . Shooting Dope: Career Patterns of Hard Core Heroin Users. Gainesville, FL : University of Florida Press. .
  • Finestone , H. 1957 . Cats, kicks and color . Social Problems , 5 : 3 – 13 .
  • Forsyth , A. J.M. , Barnard , M. and McKeganey , N. P. 1997 . Musical preference as an indicator of adolescent drug use . Addiction , 92 ( 10 ) : 1317 – 25 .
  • Fuller , C. , Vlahov , D. , Arria , A. , Ompad , D. , Garfein , R. and Strathdee , S. 2001 . Factors associated with adolescent initiation of injection drug use . Public Health Reports , 116 ( Suppl. 1 ) : 136 – 45 .
  • Gottfredson , M. and Hirschi , T. 1990 . A General Theory of Crime. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press. .
  • Jansen , K. 2001 . Ketamine: Dreams and Realities. Sarasota, FL : MAPS. .
  • Johnson , B. D. , Goldstein , P. J. , Preble , E. , Schmeidler , J. , Lipton , D. S. , Spunt , B. and Miller , T. 1985 . Taking Care of Business: The Economics of Crime by Heroin Abusers. Lexington, MA : Lexington Books. .
  • Kandel , D. B. 1975 . Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use . Science , 190 : 912 – 14 .
  • Kandel , D. B. , Yamaguchi , K. and Chen , K. 1992 . Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the gateway theory . Journal of Studies on Alcohol , 53 : 447 – 57 .
  • Kein , M. 1995 . The American Street Gang: Its Nature, Prevalence and Control. New York : Oxford University Press. .
  • Klein , M. 1971 . Street Gangs and Street Workers. Englewood Cliff, NJ : Prentice Hall. .
  • Lankenau , S. and Clatts , M. 2005 . Patterns of polydrug use among ketamine injectors in New York City . Substance Use and Misuse , 40 : 1381 – 97 .
  • Lankenau , S. and Clatts , M. 2004 . Drug injection practices among high-risk youth: The first shot of ketamine . Journal of Urban Health , 81 : 232 – 48 .
  • Lnkenau , S. and Clatts , M. 2002 . Ketamine injection among high risk youth: Preliminary findings from New York City . Journal of Drug Issues , 32 ( 3 ) : 893 – 905 .
  • Lankenau , S. , Clatts , M. , Goldsamt , L. and Welle , D. 2004 . Crack cocaine injection practices and HIV risk: Findings from New York and Bridgeport . Journal of Drug Issues , 34 ( 2 ) : 319 – 32 .
  • Lindesmith , A. 2001 . “ [1938]. A sociological theory of drug addiction. ” . In The American Drug Scene: An Anthology. Edited by: Inciardi , J. and McElrath , K. Los Angeles : Roxbury Publishing Company. .
  • Measham , F. , Aldridge , J. and Parker , H. 2001 . Dancing with Drugs. London : Free Association Books. .
  • Nurco , D. , Kinlock , T. and Hanlon , T. 2001 . “ The drugs-crime connection. ” . In The American Drug Scene: An Anthology. Edited by: Inciardi , J. and McElrath , K. Los Angeles : Roxbury Publishing Company. .
  • Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) . 1997 . Pulse Check. National Trends in Drug Abuse. Washington, DC : Executive Office of the President. .
  • Parker , H. , Williams , L. and Aldridge , J. 2002 . The normalization of “sensible” recreational drug use: Further evidence from the North West England longitudinal study . Sociology , 36 ( 4 ) : 941 – 64 .
  • Parker , H. , Aldridge , J. and Measham , F. 1998 . Illegal Leisure: The Normalisation of Adolescent Recreational Drug Use. London : Routledge. .
  • Parker , H. , Measham , F. and Aldridge , J. 1995 . Drugs Futures: Changing Patterns of Drug Use Amongst English Youth. London : Institute for the Study of Drug Dependence. .
  • Pearson , G. 1987 . The New Heroin Users. Oxford : Blackwell. .
  • Penrod , J. , Preston , D. B. , Cain , R. E. and Starks , M. T. 2003 . A discussion of chain referral as a method of sampling hard-to-reach populations . Journal of Transcultural Nursing , 12 ( 2 ) : 100 – 07 .
  • Preble , E. and Casey , J. 1969 . Taking care of business: The heroin addict's life on the street . International Journal of Addiction , 4 : 1 – 24 .
  • Ray , O. and Ksir , C. 2003 . Drugs, Society and Human Behavior. , 10th Ed. Boston : McGraw-Hill. .
  • Release . 1997 . Drugs and Dance Survey: An Insight into the Culture. London : RELEASE. .
  • Reynolds , S. 1997 . “ Rave culture: Living dream or living death?. ” . In The Clubcultures Reader: Readings in Popular Cultural Studies. Edited by: Redhead , S. , Wynne , D. and O'Connor , J. Oxford : Blackwell. .
  • Roy , E. , Haley , N. , Leclerc , P. , Cedras , L. and Boivin , J. 2002 . Drug injection among street youth: The first time . Addiction , 97 : 1003 – 09 .
  • Ruggiero , V. and South , N. 1995 . Eurodrugs: Drug Use, Markets, and Trafficking in Europe. London : UCL Press. .
  • Sanders , B. 2005 . Youth Crime and Youth Culture in the Inner City London : Routledge. .
  • Saum , C. A. , Mott , N. L. and Dietz , E. F. 2001 . “ Rohyphnol, GHB, and ketamine: New trends in date-rape drugs. ” . In The American Drug Scene: An Anthology. Edited by: Inciardi , J. and McElrath , K . Los Angeles : Roxbury Publishing Company. .
  • Siegel , R. K. 1978 . “ Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: A study of four populations of recreational users. ” . In Phencyclidine Abuse: An Appraisal. Edited by: Petersen , R. C. and Stillman , R. C. Rockville, MD : US Department of Health and Human Services. . NIDA Research. Monograph # 21
  • Watters , J. and Biernacki , P. 1989 . Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations . Social Problems , 36 ( 4 ) : 416 – 30 .
  • Winick , C. 1980 . “ A theory of drug dependence based on role, access to, and attitudes toward drugs. ” . In Theories on Drug Abuse: Selected Contemporary Perspective Edited by: Lettieri , D. J. , Sayers , M. and Pearson , H. W. Rockville, MD : US Department of Health and Human Services. . NIDA Research Monograph #30
  • Zinberg , N. 1984 . Drug, Set, and Setting. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press. .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.