131
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Age of Initiation and Patterns of Use among People Who Inject Drugs Welcomed in Harm Reduction Facilities in France from 2006 to 2015

, Ph.D., , M.P.H., , Pharm. D. & , M.D.
Pages 260-271 | Received 18 Dec 2017, Accepted 11 Nov 2018, Published online: 31 Jan 2019

References

  • Abelson, J., C. Treloar, J. Crawford, S. Kippax, I. van Beek, and J. Howard. 2006. Some characteristics of early-onset injection drug users prior to and at the time of their first injection. Addiction 101 (4):548–55. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01379.x.
  • Anagostopoulos, A., A. G. Abraham, B. L. Genberg, G. D. Kirk, and S. H. Mehta. 2018. Prescription drug use and misuse in a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Baltimore. Addictive Behaviors 81 (6):39–45. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.024.
  • Ben Amida, A., C. Rafful, S. Jain, S. Sun, P. Gonzalez-Zuniga, G. Rangel, and S. A. Strathdee. 2018. Non-injection drug use and injection initiation assistance among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. Journal of Urban Health 95 (1):83–90. doi:10.1007/s11524-017-0188-4.
  • Bluthenthal, R. N., D. Chu, L. D. Wenger, P. Bourgois, T. Valente, and A. H. Kral. 2018. Differences in time to injection onset by drug in California: Implications for the emerging heroin epidemic. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 185:253–59. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.01.005.
  • Bluthenthal, R. N., L. Wenger, D. Chu, P. Bourgois, and A. H. Kral. 2017. Drug use generations and patterns of injection drug use: Birth cohort differences among people who inject drugs in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 175:210–18. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.001.
  • Cadet-Taïrou, A., A. Coquelin, and A. Toufik. 2010. Harm reduction facilities: Profiles and practices in 2008 [CAARUD: Profils et pratiques des usagers en 2008]. In Tendances, Iss. 74, 1–4. Saint Denis: OFDT.
  • Cadet-Taïrou, A., M. Gandilhon, and E. Lahaie. 2012. New trends in illicit substances in France (2010-2011) [Phénomènes marquants et émergents en matière de drogues illicites (2010-2011)]. In Tendances, Iss. 78, 1–4. Saint Denis: OFDT.
  • Cadet-Taïrou, A., S. Saïd, and M. Martinez. 2015. Harm reduction facilities: Profiles and practices in 2012 [Profils et pratiques des usagers des CAARUD en 2012]. In Tendances,Iss. 98, 1–8. Saint Denis: OFDT.
  • Cadet-Taïrou, A., A. Toufik, and M. Gandilhon. 2010. Drug pratices and drug users’ profiles. Results from the 2008 Harm Reduction Facilities National Survey [Profils et pratiques des usagers de drogues ENA-CAARUD. Résultats de l’enquête nationale 2008 réalisée auprès des usagers des centres d’accueil et d’accompagnement à la réduction des risques]. Saint Denis: OFDT.
  • Clelend, C. M., D. Des Jarlais, T. Perlis, G. Stimson, and V. Poznyak; the WHO Phase II Drug Injection Collaborative Study Group. 2007. HIV risk behaviors among female IDUs in developing and transitional countries. BMC Public Health 7:271. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-271.
  • Coppel, A. 2013. Drug-related harm reduction: Prohibition, public health and societal regulations [La réduction des risques liés à l’usage de drogues. Entre prohibition, santé publique et régulations sociétales] Harm reduction: Histoy and principles [Histoire et principes de la réduction des risques]. Paris: Médecins du Monde.
  • Degenhardt, L., A. Peacock, S. Colledge, J. Leung, J. Grebely, P. Vickerman, J. Stone, E. B. Cunningham, A. Trickey, K. Dumchev, et al. 2017. Global prevalence of injecting drug use and sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV in people who inject drugs: A multistage systematic review. The Lancet Global Health 5 (12):e1192–e1207. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30375-3.
  • DuRant, R. H., J. A. Smith, S. R. Kreiter, and D. P. Krowchuk. 1999. The relationship between early age of onset of initial substance use and engaging in multiple health risk behaviors among young adolescents. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 153 (3):286–91.
  • Eaton, G., A. Lodwick, M. Bellis, and J. McVeigh. 2006. 2006 national report (2005 data) to the EMCDDA by the Reitox National Focal Point. London: United Kingdom New Development, Trends and In-depth Information on Selected Issues UK Focal Point on Drugs.
  • Efron, B., and R. Tibshirani. 1993. An introduction to the bootstrap. London: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  • EMCDDA. 2015. Estimating trends in injecting drug use in Europe using national data on drug treatment admissions. Technical Reports. EMCCDA, Lisbon.
  • EMCDDA. 2016. Preventing opioid overdose deaths with take-home naloxone, ed. J. Strang and R. McDonald, 100 p. Lisbon: EMCDDA.
  • Falla, A. M., S. H. I. Hofstraat, E. Duffell, S. J. M. Hahné, L. Tavoschi, and I. K. Veldhuijzen. 2018. Hepatitis B/C in the countries of the EU/EEA: A systematic review of the prevalence among at-risk groups. BMC Infectious Diseases 18:79. doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3109-6.
  • Fuller, C. M., L. N. Borrell, C. A. Latkin, S. Galea, D. C. Ompad, S. A. Strathdee, and D. Vlahov. 2005. Effects of race, neighborhood, and social network on age at initiation of injection drug use. American Journal of Public Health 95 (4):689–95. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.02178.
  • Genberg, B. L., S. L. Gange, V. F. Go, D. D. Celentano, G. D. Kirk, C. A. Latkin, and S. H. Mehta. 2011. The effect of neighborhood deprivation and residential relocation on long-term injection cessation among injection drug users (IDUs) in Baltimore, Maryland. Addiction 106 (11):1966–74. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03501.x.
  • Girard, G., and G. Boscher. 2009. Injecting drug uses in festive settings. State of the art and data from the OFDT’s TREND monitoring scheme [Pratiques d’injection en milieu destif—État des lieux en 2008: Données issues du dispositif TREND de l’OFDT]. Saint-Denis, France: Trend - OFDT.
  • Goldstein, H. 2011. Multilevel statistical models. 4th ed. London: Wiley.
  • Gollub, E., D. Rey, Y. Obadia, and J. Moatti. 1998. Gender differences in risk behaviors among HIV+ persons with an IDU history: The link between partner characteristics and women’s higher drug-sex risks. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 25 (9):483–88.
  • Gossop, M., P. Griffiths, B. Powis, and J. Strang. 1992. Severity of dependence and route of administration of heroin, cocaine and amphetamines. British Journal of Addiction 87 (11):1527–36.
  • Guichard, A., R. Guignard, F. Lert, and E. Roy. 2015. Risk factors associated with unsafe injection practices at the first Injection episode among intravenous drug users in France: Results from PrimInject, an internet survey. Journal of Addiction 2015:507214. doi:10.1155/2015/507214.
  • Guichard, A., R. Guignard, D. Michels, F. Beck, P. Arwidson, F. Lert, and E. Roy. 2013. Changing patterns of first injection across key periods of the French Harm Reduction Policy: PrimInject, a cross sectional analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 133 (1):254–61. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.026.
  • Hadland, S. E., D. Werb, T. Kerr, E. Fu, H. Wang, J. Montaner, and A. M. Wood. 2012. Childhood sexual abuse and risk for initiating injection drug use: A prospective cohort study. Preventive Medicine 55 (5):500–04. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.08.015.
  • Hagan, H., E. R. Pouget, and D. C. Des Jarlais. 2011. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs. Journal of Infectious Diseases 204 (1):74–83. doi:10.1093/infdis/jir196.
  • Haussig, J. M., S. Nielsen, M. Gassowski, V. Bremer, U. Marcus, B. Wenz, N. Bannert, C. T. Bock, and R. Zimmerman; on behalf of the DRUCK study group. 2018. A large proportion of people who inject drugs are susceptible to hepatitis B: Results from a bio-behavioural study in eight German cities. International Journal of Infecious Diseases 66 (1):5–13. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2017.10.008.
  • Hayden, A., K. Hayashi, H. Gong, M. J. Milloy, T. Kerr, J. Montaner, and E. Wood. 2014. The impact of drug use patterns on mortality among polysubstance users in a Canadian setting: A prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 14:1153. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-1153.
  • Horyniak, D., S. A. Strathdee, B. S. West, M. Meacham, G. Rangel, and T. L. Gaines. 2018. Predictors of injecting cessation among a cohort of people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 185:298–304. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.034.
  • Iakunchykova, O., A. Meteliuk, A. Zelenev, A. Mazhnaya, M. Tracy, and F. L. Altice. 2018. Hepatitis C virus status awareness and test results confirmation among people who inject drugs in Ukraine. International Journal of Drug Policy 57:11–17. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2018.03.022.
  • Ihongbe, T. O., and S. W. Masho. 2016. Prevalence, correlates and patterns of heroin use among young adults in the United States. Addictive Behaviors 63: 74–81. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.07.003.
  • Janssen, E. 2018. Estimating the number of people who inject drugs: A proposal to provide figures nationwide and its application to France. Journal of Public Health 40 (2):e180–e188. doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdx059.
  • Karabanow, J., S. Hopkins, S. Kisely, J. Parker, J. Hughes, J. Gahagan, and L. A. Campbell. 2007. Can you be healthy on the street? Exploring the health experiences of halifax street youth. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 16 (1):12–32.
  • Kaushik, K. S., K. Kapila, and A. K. Praharaj. 2011. Shooting up: The interface of microbial infections and drug abuse. Journal of Medical Microbiology 60 (4):408–22. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.027540-0.
  • Kelly, P. J., L. D. Robinson, A. L. Baker, F. P. Deane, R. McKetin, S. Hudson, and C. Keane. 2017. Polysubstance use in treatment seekers who inject amphetamine: Drug use profiles, injecting practices and quality of life. Addictive Behaviors 71 (1):25–30. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.02.006.
  • Kerr, T., N. Fairbairn, M. Tyndall, D. Marsh, K. Li, J. Montaner, and E. Wood. 2007. Predictors of non-fatal overdose among a cohort of polysubstance-using injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 87 (1):39–45. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.009.
  • Kimber, J., M. Copeland, M. Hickman, J. Macleod, J. McKenzie, D. De Angelis, and J. R. Robertson. 2010. Survival and cessation in injecting drug users: Prospective observational study of outcomes and effect of opiate substitution treatment. BMJ 341:c3172. doi:10.1136/bmj.c3172.
  • Lahaie, E., E. Janssen, and A. Cadet-Taïrou. 2015. Determinants of heroin retail prices in metropolitan France: Discounts, purity and local markets. Drug and Alcohol Review 35 (5):597–604. doi:10.1111/dar.12355.
  • Levintow, S. N., B. P. Pence, T. V. Ha, N. L. Minh, T. Sripaipan, C. A. Latkin, P. T. Vu, V. M. Quan, C. Frangakis, and V. F. Go. 2018. Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive men who inject drugs in Vietnam. PLoS One 13 (1):e0191548. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0191548.
  • Maher, L., B. Jalaludin, K. G. Chant, R. Jayasuriya, T. Sladden, J. M. Kaldor, and P. L. Sargent. 2006. Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C seroconversion in injecting drug users in Australia. Addiction 101 (10):1499–508. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01543.x.
  • Mathers, B. M., L. Degenhardt, B. Phillips, L. Wiessing, M. Hickman, S. A. Strathdee, A. Wodak, S. Panda, M. Tyndall, A. Toufik, et al. 2008. Global epidemiology of injecting drug use and HIV among people who inject drugs: A systematic review. The Lancet 372 (9651):1733–45. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61311-2.
  • Meacham, M. C., S. A. Strathdee, G. Rangel, R. F. Armenta, T. L. Gaines, and R. S. Garfein. 2016. Prevalence and correlates of heroin-methamphetamine co-injection among persons who inject drugs in San Diego, California, and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 77 (5):774–81.
  • Miller, C. L., S. A. Strathdee, T. Kerr, K. Li, and E. Wood. 2006. Factors associated with early adolescent initiation into injection drug use: Implications for intervention programs. Journal of Adolescent Health 38 (4):462–64. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.03.004.
  • Miller, C. L., S. A. Strathdee, T. Kerr, K. Li, and E. Wood. 2007. A longitudinal investigation into excess risk for blood-borne infection among young injection drug users (IUDs). American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse 33 (4):527–36. doi:10.1080/00952990701407397.
  • Morris, M. D., K. C. Brouwer, R. M. Lozada, M. Gallardo, A. Vera, and S. A. Strathdee. 2011. “Injection First”: A unique group of injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. American Journal of Addictions 21 (1):23–30. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00194.x.
  • Néfau, T., E. Charpentier, N. Elyasmino, C. Duplessy-Garson, Y. Levi, and S. Karolak. 2015. Drug analysis of residual content of used syringes: A new approach for improving knowledge of injected drugs and drug user practices. International Journal of Drug Policy 26 (4):419–22. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.09.010.
  • Novak, S. P., and A. H. Kral. 2011. Comparing injection and non-injection routes of administration for heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine users in the United States. Journal of Addictive Diseases 30 (3):248–57. doi:10.1080/10550887.2011.581989.
  • Novelli, L. A., S. G. Sherman, J. R. Havens, S. A. Strathdee, and M. Sapun. 2005. Circumstances surrounding the first injection experience and their association with future syringe sharing behaviors in young urban injection drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 77 (3):303–09. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.021.
  • Obadia, Y., V. Perrin, I. Feroni, D. Vlahov, and J. P. Moatti. 2001. Injecting misuse of buprenorphine among French users. Addiction 96:267–72. doi:10.1080/09652140020021008.
  • Pearson, G., H. Safia Mirza, and S. Phillips. 1993. Cocaine in context: Findings from a South London inner-city drug survey. In Cocaine and crack: Supply and use, ed. P. Bean, 99–129. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Perlman, D. C., and A. E. Jordan. 2018. The syndemic of opioid misuse, overdose, HCV, and HIV: Structural-level causes and interventions. Current HIV/AIDS Reports 15 (2):96–112. doi:10.1007/s11904-018-0390-3.
  • Pollini, R. A., M. Gallardo, S. Hasan, J. Minuto, R. M. Lozada, A. Vera, M. L. Zúñiga, and S. A. Strathdee. 2010. High prevalence of abscesses and self-treatment among injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico. International Journal of Infecious Diseases 14 (S3):e117–e122. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2238.
  • Rafful, C., R. Orozco, G. Rangel, P. Davidson, D. Werb, L. Beletsky, and S. A. Strathdee. 2018. Increased non‐fatal overdose risk associated with involuntary drug treatment in a longitudinal study with people who inject drugs. Addiction. First published: 14 January. doi:10.1111/add.14159.
  • Rhodes, T., D. Briggs, J. Kimber, S. Jones, and G. Hoolloway. 2007. Crack–Heroin speedball injection and its implications for vein care: Qualitative study. Addiction 102 (11):1782–90. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01969.x.
  • Roberts, A., B. M. Mathers, and L. Degenhardt; on behalf of the Reference Group to the United Nations on HIV and Injecting Drug Use. 2010. Women who inject drugs: A review of their risks, experiences and needs. Sydney: NDARC, University of New South Wales.
  • Roy, E., N. Arruda, J. Bruneau, and D. Jutras-Aswad. 2016. Epidemiology of injection drug use. New trends and prominent issues. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 61 (3):136–44. doi:10.1177/0706743716632503.
  • Roy, E., N. Arruda, P. Leclerc, C. Morisette, C. Blanchette, K. Blouin, and M. Alary. 2017. Drug use practices among people who inject drugs in a context of drug market changes: Challenges for optimal coverage of harm reduction programs. International Journal of Drug Policy 45 (July):18–27. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.012.
  • Roy, E., N. Haley, P. Leclerc, L. Cédras, and J. F. Boivin. 2002. Drug injection among street youth: The first time. Addiction 97 (8):1003–09.
  • Sherman, S. G., C. M. Fuller, N. G. Shah, D. C. Ompad, D. Vlahov, and S. A. Strathdee. 2005. Correlates of initiation of injection drug use among young drug users in Baltimore, Maryland: The need for early intervention. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 37 (4):437–43. doi:10.1080/02791072.2005.10399817.
  • Sites, B. D., M. B. Leach, and M. Davis. 2014. Increases in the use of prescription opioid analgesics and the lack of improvement in disability metrics among users. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 39 (1):6–12. doi:10.1097/AAP.0000000000000022.
  • Smith, D. E. 2017. Medicalizing the opioid epidemic in the U.S. in the era of health care reform. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 49 (2):95–101. doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1295334.
  • Steensma, C., J. F. Boivin, L. Blais, and E. Roy. 2005. Cessation of injecting drug use among street-based youth. Journal of Urban Health 82 (4):622–37. doi:10.1093/jurban/jti121.
  • Strike, C., L. Leonard, M. Millson, S. Anstice, N. Berkeley, and E. Medd. 2006. Ontario needle exchange programs: Best practice recommendations. Toronto: Ontario Needle Exchange Coordinating Committee.
  • Trenz, R. C., M. Scherer, P. Harrell, J. Zur, A. Shinha, and W. Latimer. 2012. Early onset of drug and polysubstance use as predictors of injection drug use among adult drug users. Addictive Behaviors 37 (4):367–72. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.11.011.
  • Vidal-Trécan, G. M., I. Varescon-Pousson, and A. Boissonnas. 2002. Injection risk behaviors at the first and at the most recent injections among drug users. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 66 (2):107–09.
  • Vidal-Trécan, V., J. Coste, M. Coeuret, N. Delamare, I. Vareson-Pousson, and A. Boissonnas. 1998. Risk behaviors of intravenous drug users: Are females taking more risks of HIV and HCV transmission? Revue d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique 46 (3):193–204.
  • Vlahov, D., C. Wang, D. Omand, C. M. Fuller, W. Caceres, L. Ouellet, P. Kerndt, D. C. Des Jarlais, R. S. Garfein, and T. C. I. D. U. Stdy. 2008. Mortality risk among recent-onset injection drug users in five U.S. cities. Substance Use & Misuse 43 (3–4):413–28. doi:10.1080/10826080701203013.
  • Vorobjov, S., D. Des Jarlais, K. Abel-Ollo, A. Talu, K. Rüütel, and A. Uusküla. 2013. Socio-demographic factors, health risks and harms associated with early initiation of injection among people who inject drugs in Tallinn, Estonia: Evidence from cross-sectional surveys. International Journal of Drug Policy 24 (2):150–55. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.003.
  • Werb, D., R. Garfein, T. Kerr, P. Davidson, P. Roux, M. Jauffret-Roustide, M. Auriacombe, W. Small, and S. A. Strathdee. 2016. A socio-structural approach to preventing injection drug use initiation: Rationale for the PRIMER study. Harm Reduction Journal 13:25. doi:10.1186/s12954-016-0114-1.
  • Young, A. M., and J. R. Havens. 2012. Transition from first illicit drug use to first injection drug use among rural Appalachian drug users: A cross-sectional comparison and retrospective survival analysis. Addiction 107 (3):587–96. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03635.x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.