Beyond LSD: A Broader Psychedelic Zeitgeist during the Early to Mid-20^th Century

References

• Baroni, D. 1931. Gestandnisse im Meskalinrausch. Psychoanalytische Praxis 1:145–49.
   Google Scholar
• Belouin, S. J., and J. E. Henningfield. 2018. Psychedelics: Where we are now, why we got here, what we must do. Neuropharmacology 142:7–19. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beringer, K. 1927. Der Meskalinrausch. Berlin, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Bouso, J. C., D. González, S. Fondevila, M. Cutchet, X. Fernández, P. C. R. Barbosa, … J. Riba. 2012. Personality, psychopathology, life attitudes and neuropsychological performance among ritual users of ayahuasca: A longitudinal study. PLoS One 7 (8):e42421. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0042421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs, J. R. 1887. ‘Muscale buttons’—physiological effects—personal experience. The Medical Register: A Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery [Philadelphia] 1:276–77.
   Google Scholar
• Bruhn, J. G., and B. Holmstedt. 1974. Early peyote research: An interdisciplinary study. Economic Botany 28:353–90. doi:10.1007/BF02862854.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart-Harris, R. L., M. Bolstridge, J. Rucker, C. M. Day, D. Erritzoe, M. Kaelen, … D. Taylor. 2016a. Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: An open-label feasibility study. The Lancet Psychiatry 3 (7):619–27. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30065-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carhart-Harris, R. L., S. Muthukumaraswamy, L. Roseman, M. Kaelen, W. Droog, K. Murphy, … R. Leech. 2016b. Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (17):4853–58. doi:10.1073/pnas.1518377113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalá-López, F., R. Gènova-Maleras, E. Vieta, and R. Tabarés-Seisdedos. 2013. The increasing burden of mental and neurological disorders. European Neuropsychopharmacology 23 (11):1337–39. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.04.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dakwar, E. 2016. The death and rebirth of hallucinogens. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 165:293–97. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.04.003.
   Google Scholar
• Dyck, E. 2005. Flashback: Psychiatric experimentation with LSD in historical perspective. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50 (7):381–88. doi:10.1177/070674370505000703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadiman, J., C. Grob, G. Bravo, A. Agar, and R. Walsh. 2003. Psychedelic research revisited. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 35 (2):111–26.
   Google Scholar
• Fernberger, S. W. 1923. Observations on taking Peyote “(Anhalonium Lewinii)”. The American Journal of Psychology 34 (2):267–70. doi:10.2307/1413578.
   Google Scholar
• Forstmann, M., and C. Sagioglou. 2017. Lifetime experience with (classic) psychedelics predicts pro-environmental behavior through an increase in nature relatedness. Journal of Psychopharmacology 31 (8):975–88. doi:10.1177/0269881117714049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gasser, P., K. Kirchner, and T. Passie. 2015. LSD-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with a life-threatening disease: A qualitative study of acute and sustained subjective effects. Journal of Psychopharmacology 29 (1):57–68. doi:10.1177/0269881114555249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E., L. Hermle, B. Thelen, and H. Sass. 1998. History, rationale and potential of human experimental hallucinogenic drug research in psychiatry. Pharmacopsychiatry 31 (S2):63–68. doi:10.1055/s-2007-979348.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Griffiths, R. R., M. W. Johnson, M. A. Carducci, A. Umbricht, W. A. Richards, B. D. Richards, M. P. Cosimano, and M. A. Klinedinst. 2016. Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology 30 (12):1181–97. doi:10.1177/0269881116675513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, R. R., M. W. Johnson, W. A. Richards, B. D. Richards, R. Jesse, K. A. MacLean, … M. A. Klinedinst. 2017. Psilocybin-occasioned mystical-type experience in combination with meditation and other spiritual practices produces enduring positive changes in psychological functioning and in trait measures of prosocial attitudes and behaviors. Journal of Psychopharmacology 32 (1):49–69. doi:10.1177/0269881117731279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths, R. R., W. A. Richards, U. McCann, and R. Jesse. 2006. Psilocybin can occasion mystical-type experiences having substantial and sustained personal meaning and spiritual significance. Psychopharmacology 187 (3):268–83. doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0457-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob, C. S., A. L. Danforth, G. S. Chopra, M. Hagerty, C. R. McKay, A. L. Halberstadt, and G. R. Greer. 2011. Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Archives of General Psychiatry 68 (1):71–78. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttmann, E. 1936. Artificial psychoses produced by mescaline. Journal of Mental Science 82 (338):203–21. doi:10.1192/bjp.82.338.203.
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann, E., and W. S. Maclay. 1936a. Mescaline experiments. Beckenham, UK: Bethlem Royal Hospital Archives and Museum. Transcripts: BHM 698v; BHM 44, BHM.
   Google Scholar
• Guttmann, E., and W. S. Maclay. 1936b. Mescalin and depersonalization: Therapeutic experiments. Journal of Neurology and Psychopathology 16 (63):193. doi:10.1136/jnnp.s1-16.63.193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Healy, D. 2002. The creation of psychopharmacology. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Heffter, A. 1898. Ueber Pellote. Beitrag zur chemischen und pharmakologischen Kenntnis der Cacteen. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s) Archiv Experimental Pathology Pharmacy 40:385–429. doi:10.1007/BF01825267.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, A. 1979. LSD: My problem child. Los Angeles, CA: Tarcher.
   Google Scholar
• Huxley, A. 1954. The doors of perception: And heaven and hell. London, UK: Harper & Row.
   Google Scholar
• Jaensch, W. 1920. Pharmakologische Versuche über die Beziehungen optischer Konstitutionsstigmen zu den Halluzinationen. Zentralblatt für die Gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 23:119–20.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, J. B. 1939. Elements of mazatec witchcraft. Ethnological Studies, 9, Gothenburg Ethnographical Museum, Gothenburg, Sweden.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. W., A. Garcia-Romeu, M. P. Cosimano, and R. R. Griffiths. 2014. Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Journal of Psychopharmacology 28 (11):983–92. doi:10.1177/0269881114548296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahbil, A. 2016. The history of psychedelics and psychotherapy. https://timeline.com/the-history-of-psychedelics-and-psychotherapy-fe70f72557aa.
   Google Scholar
• King, D. B., W. Viney, and W. D. Woody. 2009. A history of psychology: Ideas and context. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
   Google Scholar
• Kjellgren, A., A. Eriksson, and T. Norlander. 2009. Experiences of encounters with ayahuasca—“The vine of the soul”. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 41 (4):309–15. doi:10.1080/02791072.2009.10399767.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klüver, H. 1926. Mescal visions and eidetic vision. The American Journal of Psychology 37 (4):502–15. doi:10.2307/1414910.
   Google Scholar
• Kuypers, K. P. C., J. Riba, M. de la Fuente Revenga, S. Barker, E. L. Theunissen, and J. G. Ramaekers. 2016. Ayahuasca enhances creative divergent thinking while decreasing conventional convergent thinking. Psychopharmacology 233 (18):3395–403. doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4377-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langlitz, N. D. 2007. Neuropsychedelia: The revival of hallucinogen research since the decade of the brain. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Berkeley with the University of California, San Francisco.
   Google Scholar
• Manske, R. H. 1931. A synthesis of the methyltryptamines and some derivatives. Canadian Journal of Research 5 (5):592–600. doi:10.1139/cjr31-097.
   Google Scholar
• Masters, R. E., and J. Houston. 1966. The varieties of psychedelic experience. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• McCabe, D. P., and A. D. Castel. 2008. Seeing is believing: The effect of brain images on judgments of scientific reasoning. Cognition 107 (1):343–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGlothlin, W. H., S. Cohen, and M. S. McGlothlin. 1964. Short-term effects of LSD on anxiety, attitudes, and performance. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 139 (3):266–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mogar, R. E. 1965. Current status and future trends in psychedelic (LSD) research. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 5 (2):147–66.
   Google Scholar
• “NIMH” Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). 2018. NIMH. Accessed November 9, 2018. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/index.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Oehen, P., R. Traber, V. Widmer, and U. Schnyder. 2013. A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Journal of Psychopharmacology 27 (1):40–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osmond, H. 1957. A review of the clinical effects of psychotomimetic agents. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 66 (3):418–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott, J. 1999. Pharmahuasca: Human pharmacology of oral DMT plus harmine. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 31 (2):171–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passie, T. 1997. Psycholytic and psychedelic therapy research 1931–1995: A complete international bibliography. Hannover: Laurentius Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Pollan, M. 2018. How to change your mind: What the new science of psychedelics teaches us about consciousness, dying, addiction, depression, and transcendence. London, England: Penguin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Prentiss, D. W., and F. P. Morgan. 1895. Anhalonium lewinii (mescal buttons): A study of the drug, with especial reference to its physiological action upon man, with report of experiments. The Therapeutic Gazette, [Detroit] 3rd series, 11, (9) [Whole Series vol xix], 16 September, 577–85. Detroit, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Psychedelics. 2018. A brief history of psychedelics. Accessed August 1, 2018. http://psychedelics.com/psychedelic-facts/a-brief-history-of-psychedelics/.
   Google Scholar
• Richards, W. A. 2017. Abraham Maslow’s interest in psychedelic research: A tribute. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 57 (4):319–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, T. B. 2013. The psychedelic future of the mind: How entheogens are enhancing cognition, boosting intelligence, and raising values. Rochester, VT: Simon and Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Savage, C. 1952. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) A clinical-psychological study. American Journal of Psychiatry 108 (12):896–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenberg, E. E. 2018. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: A paradigm shift in psychiatric research and development. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9:733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultes, R. E. 1938. The appeal of peyote (Lophophora Williamsii) as a medicine. American Anthropologist 40 (4):698–715.
   Google Scholar
• Schultes, RE. 1941. A contribution to our knowledge of rivea corymbosa. Cambridge, MA: Botanical Museum of Harvard University.
   Google Scholar
• Smith, C. M. 1958. A new adjunct to the treatment of alcoholism: The hallucinogenic drugs. Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol 19:406–17.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stockings, G. T. 1940. A clinical study of the mescaline psychosis, with special reference to the mechanism of the genesis of schizophrenic and other psychotic states. The Journal of Mental Science 86:29–47.
   Google Scholar
• Strassman, R. J. 1996. Human psychopharmacology of N, N-dimethyltryptamine. Behavioural Brain Research 73 (1):121–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szara, S. I. 1957. The comparison of the psychotic effect of tryptamine derivatives with the effects of mescaline and LSD-25 in self-experiments. In: Psychotropic Drugs, ed. S. Garattini & V. Ghetti, 460. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Walsh, R., and C. S. Grob. 2006. Early psychedelic investigators reflect on the psychological and social implications of their research. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 46 (4):432–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasson, R. G. 1957. Seeking the magic mushroom. Life 42 (19):100–20.
   Google Scholar
• Wasson, R. G. 1963. Notes on the present status of ololiuhqui and the other hallucinogens of Mexico. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 20 (6):161–93.
   Google Scholar
• Wertham, F., and M. Bleuler. 1932. Inconstancy of the formal structure of the personality: Experimental study of the influence of Mescaline on the Rorschach test. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 27:52–70.
   Google Scholar