289
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Case Report

A Psychonaut’s Experience of Intoxication with Multiple Classes of Drugs Including Novel Psychoactive Substance 2-fluorodeschloroketamine: Case Report and Urinary Analysis

, ORCID Icon, , , , & show all
Pages 319-323 | Received 04 Mar 2021, Accepted 10 Sep 2021, Published online: 28 Nov 2021

References

  • Accessed December 30, 2020. https://www.echemi.com/produce/pr2005181018-strong-effect-stimulant-2fdck-2-fdck-2-f-ketamine-999-purity.html.
  • Accessed January 6, 2021. https://www.bluelight.org/xf/threads/the-big-dandy-2-fluorodeschloroketamine-2fk-2fdck-thread.776753/.
  • Accessed February 9, 2021. https://erowid.org/experiences/subs/exp_2Fluorodeschloroketamine.shtml#General.
  • Arango, E., A. Toriello, Z. Rosario, and G. Cooper. 2021 May 29. Increasing prevalence of ketamine in drivers in New York city including the identification of 2-Fluoro-Deschloroketamine. Journal of Analytical Toxicology:bkab057. doi:10.1093/jat/bkab057. Online ahead of print
  • Corazza, O., F. Schifano, P. Simonato, S. Fergus, S. Assi, J. Stair, J. Corkery, G. Trincas, P. Deluca, Z. Davey, et al. 2012. Phenomenon of new drugs on the Internet: The case of ketamine derivative methoxetamine. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 27 (2):145–49. doi:10.1002/hup.1242.
  • Davidsen, A. B., M. Mardal, N. B. Holm, A. K. Andreasen, S. S. Johansen, C. Noble, P. Dalsgaard, and K. Linnet. 2020 February 20. Ketamine analogues: Comparative toxicokinetic in vitro-in vivo extrapolation and quantification of 2-fluorodeschloroketamine in forensic blood and hair samples. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 180:113049. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113049.
  • Dinis-Oliveira, R. J. 2017. Metabolism and metabolomics of ketamine: A toxicological approach. Forensic Sciences Research 2 (1):2–10. doi:10.1080/20961790.2017.1285219.
  • Fleming, S. W., J. C. Cooley, L. Johnson, C. C. Frazee, K. Domanski, Kleinschmidt, K., and Garg, U.‘ 2017. Analysis of U-47700, a novel synthetic opioid, in human urine by LC-MS-MS and LC-QToF. Journal Analytical Toxicology 41:173–80.
  • Hill, S. L., and S. H. Thomas. 2011 October. Clinical toxicology of newer recreational drugs. Clinical Toxicology 49 (8):705–19. doi:10.3109/15563650.2011.615318.
  • Hofer, K. E., B. Grager, D. M. Muller, C. Rauber-Luthy, H. Kupferschmidt, K. M. Rentsch, and A. Ceschi. 2012 July. Ketamine-like effects after recreational use of methoxetamine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 60 (1):97–99. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.11.018.
  • Karila, L., B. Megarbane, and O. M. Cottencin. 2015 January. Synthetic cathinones: A new public health problem. Current Neuropharmacology 13 (1):12–20. doi:10.2174/1570159X13666141210224137.
  • Mardal, M., M. F. Andreasen, C. B. Mollerup, P. Stockham, R. Telving, N. S. Thomaidis, K. S. Diamanti, K. Linnet, and P. W. Dalsgaard . 2019. HighResNPS.com: An online crowd-sourced HR-MS database for suspect and non-targeted screening of new psychoactive substances. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43 (7):520–27. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz030.
  • Moghimi, A., S. Rahmani, R. Zare, and M. Sadeghzadeh. 2014. Synthesis of 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanoneas a new ketamine derivative. Synthetic Communications 44 (14):2021–28. doi:10.1080/00397911.2014.885053.
  • Morris, H., and J. Wallach. 2014. From PCP to MXE: A comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs. Drug Testing and Analysis 6 (7–8):614–32. doi:10.1002/dta.1620.
  • Orsolini, L., G. Duccio Papanti, G. Francesconi, and F. Schifano. 2015 May. Mind navigators of chemicals’ experimenters? A web-based description of e-psychonauts. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 18 (5):296–300. doi:10.1089/cyber.2014.0486.
  • Sinner, B., and B. M. Graf. 2008. Ketamine. In Modern anesthetics. Handbook of experimental pharmacology, ed. J. Schüttler, and H. Schwilden, Springer, Berlin. Vol. 182, 313–33.
  • T.-I. Weng, L. W. Chin, L.-Y. Chen, J.-Y. Chen, G.-Y. Chen, and C.-C. Fang 2021. Clinical characteristics of patients admitted to emergency department for the use of ketamine analogues with or without other new psychoactive substances. Clinical Toxicology 59 (6):528–31. doi:10.1080/15563650.2020.1826506.
  • Tang, M. H. Y., T. C. Li, C. K. Lai, Y. K. Chong, C. K. Ching, and T. W. L. Mak. 2020 July. Emergence of new psychoactive substance 2-fluorodeschloroketamine: Toxicology and urinary analysis in a cluster of patients exposed to ketamine and multiple analogues. Forensic Science International 312:110327. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110327.
  • Tang, M. H. Y., Y. K. Chong, C. Y. Chan, C. K. Ching, C. K. Lai, Y. K. Li, and T. W. L. Mak. 2018 September. Cluster of acute poisonings associated with an emerging ketamine analogue, 2-oxo-PCE. Forensic Science International 290:238–43. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.07.014.
  • Vikingsson, S., T. Rautio, J. Wallgren, A. Åstrand, S. Watanabe, J. Dahlén, A. Wohlfarth, P. Konradsson, X. Wu, R. Kronstrand, et al. 2019. LC-QTOF-MS identification of major urinary cyclopropylfentanyl metabolites using synthesized standards. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 43 (8):607–14. doi:10.1093/jat/bkz057.
  • Wallach, J., and S. Brandt. 2018. 1,2-Diarylethylamine- and ketamine-based new psychoactive substances. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 252:305–52.
  • Wallgren, J., S. Vikingsson, T. Rautio, E. Nasr, A. Åstrand, S. Watanabe, R. Kronstrand, H. Gréen, J. Dahlén, X. Wu, et al. 2020. Structure elucidation of urinary metabolites of fentanyl and five fentanyl analogs using LC-QTOF-MS, hepatocyte incubations and synthesized reference standards. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 44 (9):993–1003. doi:10.1093/jat/bkaa021.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.