Concepts underlying outcome measures in studies of consultations in general practice

The complete list of references can be obtained from the first author.

• Donabedian A. Evaluating the quality of medical care. Milbank Mem Fund Q 1966; 44((Suppl))166–206
   Google Scholar
• Howie JG, Heaney DJ, Maxwell M. Measuring quality in general practice. Pilot study of a needs, process and outcome measure. Occas Pap 75 R Coll Gen Pract 1997:1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Greenhalgh T, Peacock R. Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ 2005; 331: 1064–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anden A, Andersson SO. [What benefits does the patient gain from consulting the general practitioner? A review of the literature on the impact of consultations]. Lakartidningen 2003; 100: 3518–21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clarke PM, Gray AM, Briggs A, Farmer AJ, Fenn P, Stevens RJ, et al. A model to estimate the lifetime health outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes: The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Outcomes Model (UKPDS no. 68). Diabetologia 2004; 47: 1747–59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nilsson PM, Theobald H, Journath G, Fritz T. Gender differences in risk factor control and treatment profile in diabetes: A study in 229 Swedish primary health care centres. Scand J Prim Health Care 2004; 22: 27–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen LJ, Olivarius Nde F, Siersma V, Beck-Nielsen H, Pedersen PA. Encouraging structured personalised diabetes care in general practice: A 6-year follow-up study of process and patient outcomes in newly diagnosed patients. Scand J Prim Health Care 2003; 21: 89–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, Dahlof B, Lanke J, Schersten B, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet 1999; 354: 1751–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson B, Tibblin G. Effect of patients’ expectations on recovery from acute tonsillitis. Fam Pract 1989; 6: 188–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grude N, Tveten Y, Jenkins A, Kristiansen BE. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections: Bacterial findings and efficacy of empirical antibacterial treatment. Scand J Prim Health Care 2005; 23: 115–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roter DL, Hall JA, Merisca R, Nordstrom B, Cretin D, Svarstad B. Effectiveness of interventions to improve patient compliance: A meta-analysis. Med Care 1998; 36: 1138–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart MA. What is a successful doctor–patient interview? A study of interactions and outcomes. Soc Sci Med 1984; 19: 167–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winefield HR, Murrell TG, Clifford J. Process and outcomes in general practice consultations: Problems in defining high quality care. Soc Sci Med 1995; 41: 969–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safran DG, Taira DA, Rogers WH, Kosinski M, Ware JE, Tarlov AR. Linking primary care performance to outcomes of care. J Fam Pract 1998; 47: 213–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogden J, Bavalia K, Bull M, Frankum S, Goldie C, Gosslau M, et al. ‘I want more time with my doctor’: a quantitative study of time and the consultation. Fam Pract 2004; 21: 479–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thom DH, Kravitz RL, Bell RA, Krupat E, Azari R. Patient trust in the physician: Relationship to patient requests. Fam Pract 2002; 19: 476–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart M, Brown JB, Donner A, McWhinney IR, Oates J, Weston WW, et al. The impact of patient-centered care on outcomes. J Fam Pract 2000; 49: 796–804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen MB, Christensen B, Mortensen JT, Olesen F. Intervention among frequent attenders of the out-of-hours service: A stratified cluster randomized controlled trial. Scand J Prim Health Care 2004; 22: 180–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owens DM, Nelson DK, Talley NJ. The irritable bowel syndrome: Long-term prognosis and the physician–patient interaction. Ann Intern Med 1995; 122: 107–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McWhinney IR. A textbook of family medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997. p 29–35.
   Google Scholar
• Croft PR, Macfarlane GJ, Papageorgiou AC, Thomas E, Silman AJ. Outcome of low back pain in general practice: A prospective study. BMJ 1998; 316: 1356–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badcock LJ, Lewis M, Hay EM, Croft PR. Consultation and the outcome of shoulder–neck pain: A cohort study in the population. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 2694–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass MJ, Buck C, Turner L, Dickie G, Pratt G, Robinson HC. The physician's actions and the outcome of illness in family practice. J Fam Pract 1986; 23: 43–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howie JG, Heaney DJ, Maxwell M, Walker JJ. A comparison of a Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) against two established satisfaction scales as an outcome measure of primary care consultations. Fam Pract 1998; 15: 165–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little P, Everitt H, Williamson I, Warner G, Moore M, Gould C, et al. Observational study of effect of patient centredness and positive approach on outcomes of general practice consultations. BMJ 2001; 323: 908–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead N, Bower P, Hann M. The impact of general practitioners’ patient-centredness on patients’ post-consultation satisfaction and enablement. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 283–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steine S, Finset A, Laerum E. A new, brief questionnaire (PEQ) developed in primary health care for measuring patients’ experience of interaction, emotion and consultation outcome. Fam Pract 2001; 18: 410–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JE, Jr. The MOS short-form general health survey: Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care 1988; 26: 724–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ware JE, Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), I: Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 1992; 30: 473–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertakis KD, Callahan EJ, Helms LJ, Azari R, Robbins JA, Miller J. Physician practice styles and patient outcomes: Differences between family practice and general internal medicine. Med Care 1998; 36: 879–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks R. EuroQol: The current state of play. Health Policy 1996; 37: 53–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinnersley P, Peters T, Stott N. Measuring functional health status in primary care using the COOP–WONCA charts: Acceptability, range of scores, construct validity, reliability and sensitivity to change. Br J Gen Pract 1994; 44: 545–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson C. Measuring outcomes in primary care: A patient generated measure, MYMOP, compared with the SF-36 health survey. BMJ 1996; 312: 1016–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt SM MS, McEwen J, Williams J, Papp E. The Nottingham Health Profile: Subjective health status and medical consultation. Soc Sci Med 1981; 3: 221–9
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan SH, Greenfield S, Ware JE, Jr. Assessing the effects of physician–patient interactions on the outcomes of chronic disease. Med Care 1989; 27((Suppl))S110–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hall JA, Dornan MC. Meta-analysis of satisfaction with medical care: Description of research domain and analysis of overall satisfaction levels. Soc Sci Med 1988; 27: 637–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson JL, Chamberlin J, Kroenke K. Predictors of patient satisfaction. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 609–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker R, Whitfield M. Measuring patient satisfaction: A test of construct validity. Qual Health Care 1992; 1: 104–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kinnersley P, Stott N, Peters T, Harvey I, Hackett P. A comparison of methods for measuring patient satisfaction with consultations in primary care. Fam Pract 1996; 13: 41–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meakin R, Weinman J. The ‘Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale’ (MISS-21) adapted for British general practice. Fam Pract 2002; 19: 257–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosser WW, Starkey C, Shaughnessy R. The pond is wider than you think! Problems encountered when searching family practice literature. Can Fam Physician 2000; 46: 103–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savoie I, Helmer D, Green CJ, Kazanjian A. Beyond Medline: Reducing bias through extended systematic review search. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2003; 19: 168–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohammed MA, Booth K, Marshall D, Brolly M, Marshall T, Cheng KK, et al. A practical method for monitoring general practice mortality in the UK: Findings from a pilot study in a health board of Northern Ireland. Br J Gen Pract 2005; 55: 670–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sullivan M KJ, Sjostrom L, Taft C. Why quality of life measures should be used in the treatment of patients with obesity. International textbook of obesity, P Björntorp. Wiley, Chichester 2001; 486–510
   Google Scholar