221
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
RESEARCH ARTICLE

Cost–Quality Relationship of Norway Spruce Planting and Scots Pine Direct Seeding in Privately Owned Forests in Southern Finland

&
Pages 481-492 | Received 10 Jul 2012, Accepted 30 Jan 2013, Published online: 04 Mar 2013

References

  • Cajander AK. 1926 . The theory of forest types . Acta Forest Fenn . 29 3 : 108 .
  • Eid , T , Heringstad , J and Nersten , S. 1986 . Sampling number of trees in regeneration . Communications of the Norwegian Forest Research Institute. , 39 : 215 – 232 .
  • Feigenbaum A. 1991 . Total quality control , 3rd rev. ed. . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
  • Garvin , DA. 1988 . Managing quality: the strategic and competitive edge , New York , NY : The Free Press .
  • Goldstein , H. 1996 . Multilevel statistical models. Kendall's Library of Statistics 3 , 2nd ed , London : Arnold .
  • Hämäläinen J , Räsänen T. 1993 . Menetelmä metsänuudistamisen varhaistuloksen mittaukseen [An inventory method for the early result of forest regeneration] . Metsätehon katsaus. 6. (In Finnish) .
  • Harstela P , Kettunen J , Kiljunen N , Meristö T. 2001 . Normitaloudesta yrittäjyyteen: Puuntuotannon tulevaisuus Suomessa [From norm economics to entrepreneurship: the future of wood production in Finland] . Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 819. (In Finnish) .
  • Hartikainen S , Kokkonen J. 1996 . Yksityismetsissä isot uudistamisrästit. Metsänviljely pitäisi kaksinkertaistaa [Considerable delays of forest regeneration activities in non-industrial privately owned forests: the area of artificial regeneration should be doubled] . Koneyrittäjä. 2. (In Finnish) .
  • Kalland F. 2002 . Metsänuudistamisen laadun hallinta. Kokemuksia teollisuuden metsistä [Quality control of forest regeneration: experience from the forests of Finnish forest industries] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja . 1 : 35 – 41 . (In Finnish) .
  • Kalland F. 2004 . Metsänuudistamisen laadunohjaus – niuhotusta vai tie laatuun ja kustannustehokkuuteen [Quality control of forest regeneration – niggling or a way to higher quality and cost-efficiency] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja . 4 : 546 – 550 . (In Finnish) .
  • Kankaanhuhta , V , Saksa , T and Smolander , H. 2009 . Variation in the results of Norway spruce planting and Scots pine direct seeding in privately-owned forests in southern Finland . Silva Fenn. , 43 ( 1 ) : 51 – 70 .
  • Kiljunen , N. 2006 . Creating value through advanced silvicultural services [Doctoral dissertation, University of Joensuu] . Dissertationes Forestales. , 17 : 1 – 41 .
  • Laine J , Vasander H. 1990 . Suotyypit [Mire site types]. , 2nd ed. . Helsinki : Kirjayhtymä . (In Finnish) .
  • Metsäkeskus Tapio . 1994 . Luonnonläheinen metsänhoito. Metsänhoitosuositukset [Nature-oriented silviculture: forest management recommendations] . Metsäkeskus Tapion julkaisuja . 6. (In Finnish).
  • Miina , J and Saksa , T. 2006 . Predicting regeneration establishment in Norway spruce plantations using a multivariate multilevel model . New Forests. , 32 : 265 – 283 . doi: 10.1007/s11056-006-9002-y
  • Miina , J and Saksa , T. 2008 . Predicting establishment of tree seedlings for evaluating methods of regeneration for Pinus sylvestris . Scand J Forest Res. , 23 : 12 – 27 . doi: 10.1080/02827580701779595
  • Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry . 1998 . Forest management association Act 534 . [cited 2008 Jul 21]. Available from: http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1998/19980534
  • Peltola A , editor . 2004 . Finnish statistical yearbook of forestry . Vantaa: Finnish Forest Research Institute . SVT, agriculture, forestry and fishery .
  • Peltola A , editor . 2008 . Finnish statistical yearbook of forestry . Vantaa: Finnish Forest Research Institute . SVT, agriculture, forestry and fishery .
  • Rasbash , J , Charlton , C , Jones , K and Pillinger , R. 2009 . Manual supplement for MLwiN version 2.14 , Bristol : University of Bristol .
  • Rasbash , J , Steele , F , Browne , W and Prosser , B. 2004 . A user's guide to MLwiN version 2.0 , London : University of London .
  • Saksa T. 1998 . Metsänuudistamistulos viivästyneillä avohakkuualoilla Etelä-Savossa [Result of forest regeneration in delayed clear-cutting areas of South Savo] . Research Paper 695 . Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute . (In Finnish) .
  • Saksa T , Jokinen M , Korhonen J. 1999 . Miksi metsänuudistamistoimet poikkeavat suunnitelmasta – haastattelututkimus Pohjois-Savossa [Why regeneration results differ from the planned – an interview-based study in North Savo] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja . 2 : 215 – 226 . (In Finnish) .
  • Saksa T , Kankaanhuhta V. 2007 . Metsänuudistamisen laatu ja keskeisimmät kehittämiskohteet Etelä-Suomessa. Metsänuudistamisen laadun hallinta -hankkeen loppuraportti [Quality of forest regeneration and essential targets of quality development in South Finland] . Jyväskylä : Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy . (In Finnish) .
  • Saksa T , Kankaanhuhta V , Kalland F , Smolander H. 2005 . Uudistamistuloksen laatu Etelä-Suomen yksityismetsissä ja keskeisimmät kehittämiskohteet [Quality of forest regeneration and essential targets of quality development in South Finland] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja . 1 : 67 – 73 . (In Finnish) .
  • Saksa T , Särkkä-Pakkala K , Smolander H. 2002 . Työkalu metsänuudistamisen laatutyöhön [Quality work tool for forest regeneration] . Metsätieteen aikakauskirja . 1 : 29 – 34 . (In Finnish) .
  • Snijders , T and Bosker , R. 1999 . Multilevel analysis. An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling , London : SAGE .
  • Taguchi , G. 1986 . Introduction to quality engineering: designing quality into products and processes , Tokyo : Asian Productivity Organisation .
  • Uotila , K , Rantala , J , Saksa , T and Harstela , P. 2010 . Effect of soil preparation method on economic result of Norway spruce regeneration chain . Silva Fenn. , 44 ( 3 ) : 511 – 524 .
  • Varmola M. 1996 . Yield and quality of young Scots pine cultivations . Research Paper 585 . Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute . (In Finnish with English summary) .
  • Viitala J. 2006 . Metsänhoitoyhdistysten 100 vuotta – miljoonan ihmisen metsäpalvelijaksi [Forest management associations – one hundred years lobbying and extension] . Keuruu : Tietosanoma Oy . (In Finnish) .
  • Zar , J. 1996 . Biostatistical analysis , 3rd ed , New Jersey , NJ : Prentice-Hall .
  • Zeithaml V , Bitner M , Gremler D. 2009 . Services marketing: integrating customer focus across the firm , 5th international ed. . New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.