172
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Effects of the lack of forest management on spatiotemporal dynamics of a subalpine Pinus cembra forest

, , , , , & show all
Pages 142-153 | Received 04 Sep 2015, Accepted 26 Jun 2016, Published online: 14 Jul 2016

References

  • Bailey TC, Gatrell AC. 1995. Interactive spatial data analysis. Essex: Longman Scientific and Technical Unlimited.
  • Baltensweiler W. 1964. Zeiraphera griseana Hubner (Lepidoptera – Tortricidae) in European Alps – Contribution to problem of cycles. Can Entomol. 96:792–800. doi: 10.4039/Ent96792-5
  • Baltensweiler W, Fischlin A. 1988. The larch budmoth in the Alps. In: Berryman A, editor. Dynamics of forest insect populations. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation; p. 331–351.
  • Baltensweiler W, Rubli D. 1999. Dispersal: an important driving force of the cyclic population dynamics of the larch bud moth, Zeiraphera diniana Gn. For Snow Landsc Res. 74:3–153.
  • Baltensweiler W, Weber UM, Cherubini P. 2008. Tracing the influence of larch-bud-moth insect outbreaks and weather conditions on larch tree-ring growth in Engadine (Switzerland). Oikos. 117:161–172. doi:10.1111/j.2007.0030–1299.16117.x.
  • Binkley D. 2004. A hypothesis about the interaction of tree dominance and stand production through stand development. For Ecol Manage. 190:265–271. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2003.10.018.
  • Binkley D, Olsson U, Rochelle R, Stohlgren T, Nikolov N. 2003. Structure, production and resource use in some old-growth spruce/fir forests in the front range of the Rocky Mountains, USA. For Ecol Manage. 172:271–279. doi: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00794-0
  • Blarquez O, Carcaillet C, Bremond L, Mourier B, Radakovitch O. 2009. Trees in the subalpine belt since 11 700 cal. BP: origin, expansion and alteration of the modern forest. Holocene. 20:139–146. doi:10.1177/0959683609348857.
  • Brang P, Schönenberger W, Frehner M, Schwitter R, Wasser B. 2006. Management of protection forests in the European Alps: an overview. For Snow Landsc Res. 80:23–44.
  • Brang P, Schönenberger W, Ott E. 2001. Forests as protection from natural hazards. In: Evans J, editor. The Forest Handbook Vol. 2. Oxford: Blackwell Science; p. 53–81.
  • Büntgen U, Frank D, Liebhold A, Johnson D, Carrer M, Urbinati C, Grabner M, Nicolussi K, Levanic T, Esper J. 2009. Three centuries of insect outbreaks across the European Alps. New Phytol. 182:929–941. [Internet]. [cited 2012 Jan 9]; 1. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02825.x.
  • Callaway RM, Walker LR. 1997. Competition and facilitation: a synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology. 78:1958–1965. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(1997)078.
  • Camarero JJ, Gutiérrez E, Fortin MJ. 2000. Spatial pattern of subalpine forest-alpine grassland ecotones in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. For Ecol Manage. 134:1–16. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00241-8.
  • Carrer M, Urbinati C. 2001. Spatial analysis of structural and tree-ring related parameters in a timberline forest in the Italian Alps. J Veg Sci. 12:643–652. doi:10.2307/3236904.
  • Casalegno S, Amatulli G, Camia A, Nelson A, Pekkarinen A. 2010. Vulnerability of Pinus cembra L. in the Alps and the Carpathian mountains under present and future climates. For Ecol Manage. 259:750–761. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.001.
  • Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, Bunyavejchewin S, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, Hubbell SP, Foster RB, Itoh A, LaFrankie JV, et al. 2000. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science. 288:1414–1418. doi: 10.1126/science.288.5470.1414
  • Cook ER. 1985. A time series approach to tree-ring standardization [dissertation]. Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona.
  • Cook ER, Kairiukstis LA. 1990. Methods of Dendrochronology. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
  • Dale MRT. 1999. Spatial pattern analysis in plant ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Diggle PJ. 1983. Statistical analysis of point patterns. London: Academic Press.
  • Dorren LK, Berger F, Imeson AC, Maier B, Rey F. 2004. Integrity, stability and management of protection forests in the European Alps. For Ecol Manage. 195:165–176. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.057.
  • Druckenbrod DL. 2005. Dendroecological reconstructions of forest disturbance history using time-series analysis with intervention detection. Can J For Res. 35:868–876. doi: 10.1139/x05-020
  • Duncan RP. 1991. Competition and the Coexistence of Species in a Mixed Podocarp Stand. J Ecol. 79:1073. doi:10.2307/2261099.
  • Fernández ME, Tschieder EF, Letourneau F, Gyenge JE. 2011. Why do Pinus species have different growth dominance patterns than Eucalyptus species? A hypothesis based on differential physiological plasticity. For Ecol Manage. 261:1061–1068. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.12.028.
  • Ferrari E. 1988. La gestione dei boschi in provincia di Trento. L’Italia Forestale e Montana, Anno. XLII. 6: 24–31.
  • Fortin MJ, Dale MRT, Ver Hoef J. 2002. Spatial analysis in ecology. In: El-Shaarawi AH, Piegorsch WW, editors. Encyclopedia of Environmetrics. Chichester: John Wiley; p. 2051–2058.
  • Frey W. 1983. The influence of snow on growth and survival of planted trees. Arct Alp Res. 15:241. doi:10.2307/1550925.
  • Fritts HC. 1976. Tree rings and climate. London: Academic Press.
  • Fritts HC, Mosimann JE, Bottorff CP. 1969. A revised computer program for standardizing tree-ring series. Tree-Ring Bull. 29:15–20.
  • Gambetta A, Susco D, Zanuttini R. 2004. Determination of the natural durability of larch wood (Larix decidua Mill.) from the Western Italian Alps. Holzforschung. 58:678–681. doi:10.1515/HF.2004.123.
  • Garbarino M, Lingua E, Martinez Subirà M, Motta R. 2011. The larch wood pasture: structure and dynamics of a cultural landscape. Eur J For Res. 130:491–502. doi:10.1007/s10342-010-0437-5.
  • Genries A, Muller SD, Mercier L, Bircker L, Carcaillet C. 2009. Fires Control Spatial Variability of Subalpine Vegetation Dynamics during the Holocene in the Maurienne Valley (French Alps). Ecoscience. 16:13–22. doi:10.2980/16-1-3180.
  • Gignoux J, Duby C, Barot S. 1999. Comparing the performances of Diggle’s test of spatial randomness for small samples with and without edge-effect correction: application to ecological data. Biometrics. 55:156–164. doi: 10.1111/j.0006-341X.1999.00156.x
  • Haase P. 1995. Spatial pattern-analysis in ecology based on Ripley K function – introduction and methods of edge correction. J Veg Sci. 6:575–582. doi: 10.2307/3236356
  • Holtmeier FK. 2009. The Borealis. The future of northern forests. ERDE. 140:126–126.
  • Ise T, Moorcroft PR. 2008. Quantifying local factors in medium-frequency trends of tree ring records: Case study in Canadian boreal forests. For Ecol Manage. 256:99–105. doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.04.007
  • Krüsi BO, Moser B. 2000. Impacts of snow and ungulates on the successional development of a mountain pine stand in the Swiss National Park (Munt La Schera). In: Schütz M, Krüsi BO, Edwards PJ, editors. Succession research in the Swiss National Park. Nationalpark-Forschung in der Schweiz 89; 176–197. http://www.wsl.ch/land/products/succession/napase89-en.ehtml
  • Li M-H, Yang J. 2004. Effects of microsite on growth of Pinus cembra in the subalpine zone of the Austrian Alps. Ann For Sci. 61:319–325. doi:10.1051/forest:2004025.
  • Lingua E, Cherubini P, Motta R, Nola P. 2008. Spatial structure along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian central Alps suggests competition and facilitation among coniferous species. J Veg Sci. 19:425–436. doi:10.3170/2008-8-18391.
  • Lorimer C. 1983. A test of the accuracy of shade-tolerant classifications based on physiognomic and reproductive traits. Can J Bot Can Bot. 61:1595–1598. doi: 10.1139/b83-172
  • Lorimer CG. 1985. Methodological considerations in the analysis of forest disturbance history. Can J For Res. 15:200–213. doi:10.1139/x85-038.
  • Lotwick H, Silverman B. 1982. Methods for analyzing spatial processes of several types of points. J R Stat Soc Ser B-Methodol. 44:406–413.
  • Meyer HA. 1943. Management without rotation. J Forest. 41:126–132.
  • Moeur M. 1993. Characterizing spatial patterns of trees using stem-mapped data. For Sci. 39:756–775.
  • Moran PAP. 1950. Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena. Biometrika. 37:17. doi:10.2307/2332142.
  • Motta R, Lingua E. 2005. Human impact on size, age, and spatial structure in a mixed European larch and Swiss stone pine forest in the Western Italian Alps. Can J For Res. 35:1809–1820. doi:10.1139/x05-107.
  • Motta R, Nola P, Piussi P. 1999. Structure and stand development in three subalpine Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands in Paneveggio (Trento, Italy). Glob Ecol Biogeogr. 8:455–471. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.1999.00165.x
  • Nola P, Morales M, Motta R, Villalba R. 2006. The role of larch budmoth (Zeiraphera diniana Gn.) on forest succession in a larch (Larix decidua Mill.) and Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra L.) stand in the Susa Valley (Piedmont, Italy). Trees. 20:371–382. doi:10.1007/s00468-006-0050-x.
  • Perry GLW. 2004. SpPack: spatial point pattern analysis in Excel using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Environ Model Softw. 19:559–569. doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2003.07.004
  • Pfeifer K, Kofler W, Oberhuber W. 2005. Climate related causes of distinct radial growth reductions in Pinus cembra during the last 200 yr. Veg Hist Archaeobot. 14:211–220. doi:10.1007/s00334-005-0001-2.
  • Price B, Allgöwer B, Fischlin A. 2006. Synchrony and travelling waves of larch bud moth? Time series analysis with changing scale. Ecol Modell. 199:433–441. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.048.
  • Provincia Autonoma di Trento. 2013. Progetto di attuazione della rete di riserve Fiemme-Destra Avisio. Trento: Provincia Autonoma di Trento.
  • Renshaw E. 2009. Spatial-temporal marked point processes: a spectrum of stochastic models. Environmetrics. 21:253–269. doi: 10.1002/env.1019
  • Ridolfi L. 2009. Metodi di studio delle dinamiche strutturali delle foreste e indagini preliminari svolte in una cembreta in Val di Fiemme. Bachelor Degree Thesis, Università di Bologna.
  • Ripley B. 1977. Modeling spatial patterns. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 39:172–212.
  • Ripley B. 1979. Tests of randomness for spatial point patterns. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 41:368–374.
  • Risch AC, Nagel LM, Schutz M, Krusi BO, Kienast F, Bugmann H. 2003. Struktur und Langzeitentwicklung von subalpinen Pinus montana Miller und Pinus cembra L. Waldern in den zentraleuropaischen Alpen. Forstwissenschaftliches Cent. 122:219–230. doi 10.1046/j.1439-0337.2003.03011.x. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0337.2003.03011.x
  • Rubino D, McCarthy B. 2004. Comparative analysis of dendroecological methods used to assess disturbance events. Dendrochronologia. 21:97–115. doi:10.1078/1125.7865.00047.
  • Schloeth R. 1998. Die Lärche: ein intimes Baumporträt. 2nd ed. Aarau: AT Verlag.
  • Schönenberger W. 1985. Performance of a high altitude afforestation under various site conditions. In: H. Turner and W. Tranquillini, editors. Establishment and Tending of Subalpine Forest: Research and Management. Eds. Proc. 3rd IUFRO Workshop. Eidg. Anst. forstl. Versuchswes., Berlin 210: 233–240.
  • Scrinzi G, Galvagni D, Marzullo L. 2010. I nuovi modellli dendrometrici per la stima delle masse assestamentali in provincia di Trento. Servizio Foreste e Fauna: Provincia Autonoma di Trento.
  • Shimatani IK, Kubota Y. 2011. The spatio-temporal forest patch dynamics inferred from the fine-scale synchronicity in growth chronology. J Veg Sci. 22:334–345. doi: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2010.01255.x
  • Tinner W, Kaltenrieder P. 2005. Rapid responses of high-mountain vegetation to early Holocene environmental changes in the Swiss Alps. J Ecol. 93:936–947. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2005.01023.x.
  • Tonon G, Panzacchi P, Grassi G, Gianfranco M, Cantoni L, Bagnaresi U. 2005. Spatial dynamics of late successional species under Pinus nigra stands in the northern Apennines (Italy). Ann Forest Sci. 62:669–679. doi:10.1051/forest:2005059.
  • Tranquillini W. 1979. Physiological ecology of the alpine timberline. Berlin: SpringerHeidelberg.
  • Veblen TT, Hadley KS, Nbel EM, Kitzberger T, Reid M, Villalba R. 1994. Disturbance regime and disturbance interactions in a rocky mountain subalpine forest. J Ecol. 82:125. doi:10.2307/2261392.
  • Wolynski A, Zanin M, Scrinzi G. 2009. Revisione della pianificazione forestale in Trentino a cinquant’anni dall’adozione della selvicoltura naturalistica. Atti del III Congresso Nazionale di Selvicoltura, Taormina 15–18 ottobre 2008, pp. 928–932.
  • Wunder J, Brzeziecki B, Zybura H, Reineking B, Bigler C, Bugmann H. 2008. Growth-mortality relationships as indicators of life-history strategies: a comparison of nine tree species in unmanaged European forests. OIKOS. 117:815–828. doi:10.1111/j.2008.0030-1299.16371.x.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.