171
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A reactive nitrogen budget for forest land and wetlands in Latvia and Estonia

, , , &
Pages 513-522 | Received 07 Apr 2020, Accepted 14 Sep 2020, Published online: 30 Sep 2020

References

  • Antikainen R, Lemola R, Nousiainen JI, Sokka L, Esala M, Huhtanen P, Rekolainen S. 2005. Stocks and flows of nitrogen and phosphorus in the Finnish food production and consumption system. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 107:287–305. DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2004.10.025.
  • Bārdule A, Lazdiņš A. 2010. Accumulation of carbon and nitrogen in mineral soils in grey alder (Alnus incana (L. Moench) stands on naturally afforested farmlands. Mežzinātne. 21(54):95–109.
  • Brander KM. 2009. Encyclopedia of ocean sciences. Second Edition. Fisheries and Climate. Charlottenlund: DTU Aqua. 483–490.
  • Brunner PH, Rechberger H. 2016. Handbook of material flow analysis for environmental, resource, and waste engineers. Case studies. London: CRC Press; p. 182.
  • Butterbach-Bahl K., Gundersen P. 2011. Nitrogen processes in terrestrial ecosystems. The European Nitrogen Assessment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; p. 27. Chapter 6.
  • Cleveland CC, Townsend AR, Schimel DS, Fisher H, Howarth RW, Hedin LO, Perakis SS, Latty EF, Von Fischer JC, Elseroad A, Wasson MF. 1999. Global patterns of terrestrial biological nitrogen (N2) fixation in natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochem Cycles. 13:623–645. DOI: 10.1029/1999GB900014.
  • Dannenmann M, Butterbach-Bahl K, Gasche R, Willibald G, Papen H. 2008. Dinitrogen emissions and the N2:N2O emission ratio of a Rendzic Leptosol as influenced by pH and forest thinning. Soil Biol Biochem. 40(9):2317–2323. doi: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.05.009
  • DeLuca H, Zackrisson O, Nilsson MC, Sellstedt A. 2002. Quantifying nitrogen-fixation in feather moss carpets of boreal forests. Nature. 419:917–920. doi: 10.1038/nature01051
  • Dise NB, Matzner E, Armbruster M, MacDonald J. 2001. Aluminum output fluxes from forest ecosystems in Europe: a regional assessment. J Environ Qual. 30:1747–1756. DOI:10.2134/jeq2001.3051747x.
  • Du E, Xia N, DeVries W. 2019. Effects of nitrogen deposition on growing-season soil methane sink across global forest biomes. Biogeosci Discuss. DOI: 10.5194/bg-2019-29.
  • Elser JJ, Bracken MES, Cleland EE, Gruner DS, Harpole WS, Hillebrand H, Ngai JT, Seabloom EW, Shurin JB, Smith JE. 2007. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett. 10:1135–1142. DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01113.x.
  • Engardt M, Simpson D, Schwikowski M, Granat L. 2017. Deposition of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe 1900–2050. Model calculations and comparison to historical observations. Tellus B: Chem Phys Meteorol. 69(1):1328945. DOI: 10.1080/16000889.2017.1328945.
  • EPNB. 2016. Detailed Annexes to ECE/EB.AIR/119 – Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets. Eds: Winiwarter, W. and expert panel in nitrogen budgets, p. 205 p. http://www.clrtap-tfrn.org/sites/clrtap-tfrn.org/files/documents/EPNB_new/EPNB_annex_20160921_public.pdf. [Cited 18 Feb 2020]
  • Estonian Environmental Agency. 2016. Forest 2014. Yearbook. Estonian Environmental Agency, ISSN 2382–7068, p. 225.
  • Estonian Informative Inventory Report 1990-2016. 2018. Submitted under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. https://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/ee/eu/nec_revised/iir/envwqptca/Estonia_IIR_2018.pdf. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Flechard CR, Nemitz E, Smith RI, Fowler D, Vermeulen AT, Bleeker A, Erisman JW, Simpson D, Zhang L, Tang YS, Sutton MA. 2011. Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen to European ecosystems: a comparison of inferential models across the NitroEurope network. Atmos Chem Phys. 11:2703–2728. DOI: 10.5194/acpd-10-29291-2010 doi: 10.5194/acp-11-2703-2011
  • Fowler D, Coyle M, Skiba U, Sutton MA, Cape JN, Reis S, Sheppard LJ, Jenkins A, Grizzetti B, Galloway JN, et al. 2013. The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century. Philos Trans R Soc B. 368(1621):20130164. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0164.
  • Galloway JN, Aber JD, Erisman JW, Seitzinger SP, Howarth RW, Cowling EB, Cosby BJ. 2003. The nitrogen cascade. BioScience. 53(4):341–356. DOI: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0341:TNC]2.0.CO;2.
  • Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG, Boyer EW, Howarth RW, Seitzinger SP, Asner GP, Cleveland CC, Green PA, Holland EA, et al. 2004. Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future. Biogeochemistry. 70(2):153–226. doi: 10.1007/s10533-004-0370-0
  • GURINIMAS. 2019. Integrated nitrogen management system for the Gulf of Riga. Project. https://estlat.eu/en/estlat-results/gurinimas.html. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Hedbrant J, Sörme L. 2001. Data vagueness and uncertainties in urban heavy-metal data collection. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 1:43–53. doi: 10.1023/A:1017591718463
  • HELCOM. 2019. Eutrophication. http://stateofthebalticsea.helcom.fi/pressures-and-their-status/eutrophication/. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Hellsten S, Akselsson C, Helmisaari HS. 2011. Nutrient budgets in forest soils at increased biomass removal. Number B 1919, Report, p. 40.
  • Högberg P, Näsholm T, Franklin O, Högberg MN. 2017. Tamm review: on the nature of the nitrogen limitation to plant growth in Fennoscandian boreal forests. For Ecol Manag. 403:161–185. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2017.04.045.
  • Högbom L, Futter M. 2013. Quantifying N, P and C losses to waters from Fennoscandic /Baltic forests and the effect of various forestry operations. http://nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/SNS-110_Policy-Brief.pdf. [Cited 18 Feb 2020].
  • Iital, A. 2008. Hajureostuse koormuse andmete täpsustamine. Töövõtulepingu nr. 18-20/704 Aruanne (in Estonian). TTÜ keskkonnatehnika instituut, 19 p.
  • Ilomets M. 2005. Turba juurdekasv Eesti soodes (in Estonian). Lõpp-aruanne Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskuse rakenduslikule uurimisprojektile.
  • IPCC. 2006. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In: Eggleston, H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T., Tanabe, K. (eds). National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme,. IGES, Japan.
  • Ivarsson N, Andrén L, Moros T, Andersen M, Lönn M TJ, Andrén E. 2019. Baltic sea coastal eutrophication in a thousand year perspective. Front Environ Sci. 7:88. DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2019.00088.
  • Jandl R, Smidt S, Mutsch F, Furst A, Zechmeister H, Bauer H, Dirnbock T. 2012. Acidification and nitrogen eutrophication of Austrian forest soils. Appl Environ Soil Sci. 632602. DOI: 10.1155/2012/632602.
  • Johnson BA, Piatek KB, Adams MB, Brooks JR. 2010. Does nitrogen and sulfur deposition affect forest productivity? Proceedings from the Conference on the Ecology and Management of High-Elevation Forests in the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountain, p. 85-93.
  • Johnson DW, Turner J. 2014. Nitrogen budgets of forest ecosystems: A review. For Ecol Manag. 318:370–379. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2013.08.028.
  • Kabral N. 2015. Sademete seire (in Estonian). Eesti Keskkonnauuringute Keskus OÜ, p. 35.
  • Kalnačs J, Āriņa D, Murašovs A, Kalnačs A, Grigale D. 2017. Oglekļa noteikšana un oglekļa dioksīda emisiju faktoru aprēķināšana Latvijā biežāk izmantojamiem kurināmā veidiem (in Latvian). Fizikālās enerģētikas institūts, p. 23.
  • Kļaviņš I, Bārdule A, Lībiete Z, Lazdiņa D, Lazdiņš A. 2019. Impact of biomass harvesting on nitrogen concentration in the soil solution in hemiboreal woody ecosystems. Silva Fenn. 53(4):10016. DOI: 10.14214/sf.10016.
  • Kortelainen P, Mattsson T, Finer L, Ahtiainen M, Saukkonen S, Sallantaus T. 2006. Controls on the export of C, N, P and Fe from undisturbed boreal catchments, Finland. Aquat Sci. 68:453–468. DOI: 10.1007/s00027-006-0833-6.
  • Kreutzweiser DP, Hazlett PW, Gunn JM. 2008. Logging impacts on the biogeochemistry of boreal forest soils and nutrient export to aquatic systems: a review. Environ Rev. 16(NA):157–179. DOI: 10.1139/A08-006.
  • Laiho R, Laine J. 1994. Nitrogen and phosphorus stores in peatlands drained for forestry in Finland. Scand J Forest Res. 9(1–4):251–260. doi: 10.1080/02827589409382838
  • Latvia’s Informative Inventory Report 1990–2016. 2018. Submitted under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. https://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/lv/eu/nec_revised/iir/envwqqveg/IIR_2018_LV.pdf. [accessed 18 Feb 2020].
  • Latvia’s National Inventory Report 1990-2016. 2018. Submission under UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. https://unfccc.int/documents/65702. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Latvia’s National Inventory Report 1990-2017. 2019. Submission under UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. https://unfccc.int/documents/194812. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Latvijas Valsts mezzinātnes institūts “Silava”. 2019. Mežsaimniecības ietekme uz meža un saistīto ekosistēmu pakalpojumiem (in Latvian). Pārskats par pētījuma 2018. gada rezultātiem. Latvijas Valsts mezzinātnes insitūts “Silava”, p. 203.
  • Leach AM, Galloway JN, Bleeker A, Erisman JW, Kohn R, Kitzes J. 2012. A nitrogen footprint model to help consumers understand their role in nitrogen losses to the environment. Environmental Development. 1(1):40–66. DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2011.12.005.
  • Leppelt T, Dechow R, Gebbert S, Freibauer A, Lohila A, Augustin J, Drösler M, Fiedler S, Glatzel S, Höper H, et al. 2014. Nitrous oxide emission budgets and land-use-driven hotspots fororganic soils in Europe. Biogeosciences. 11:6595–6612. DOI: 10.5194/bg-11-6595-2014.
  • Lindo Z, Nilsson MC, Gundale MJ. 2013. Bryophyte-cyanobacteria associations as regulators of the northern latitude carbon balance in response to global change. Glb Chg Bio. 19:2022–2035. DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12175.
  • Mander, Ü., Uuemaa, E., Kull, A., Kanal, A., Maddison, M., Soosaar, K., Salm, J.-O., Lesta, M., Hansen, R., Kuller, R., Harding, A., Augustin, J. 2010. Assessment of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in rural landscapes. Landsc Urban Plann, 98, 172–181.
  • Matson P, Lohse KA, Hall SJ. 2002. The globalization of nitrogen deposition: consequences for terrestrial ecosystems. Ambio. 31(2):113–119. doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.113
  • Ministry of the Environment of Estonia. 2018. Greenhouse gas emissions in Estonia 1990-2016. National inventory report. Submitted under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, p. 638.
  • Moldan F, Jutterström SEA-K, Hruška J, Wright RF. 2018. Experimental addition of nitrogen to a whole forest ecosystem at Gårdsjön, Sweden (NITREX): nitrate leaching during 26 years of treatment. Environ Pollut. 242:367–374. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.093.
  • Morozov G, Aosaar J, Varik M, Becker H, Aun K, Lõhmus K, Kukumägi M, Uri V. 2019. The effect of thinning on annual net nitrogen mineralization and nitrogen leaching fluxes in silver birch and Scots pine stands. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. 34(8):718–731. doi: 10.1080/02827581.2019.1680728
  • Nahalov V. 2018. Accounting of nitrogen flow across Estonia borders. Master thesis, Tallinn University of Technology, p. 56.
  • Nieminen M, Ahti E, Koivusalo H, Mattsson T, Sarkkola S, Laurén A. 2010. Export of suspended solids and dissolved elements from peatland areas after ditch network maintenance in south-central Finland. Silva Fenn. 44:39–49. DOI: 10.14214/sf.161.
  • Nihlgård B. 2012. Forests and their importance in the global carbon and nitrogen balance – a review with reflections. Folia Forestalia Polonica (Series A). 54(2):116–122.
  • Nikodemus O, Kļaviņš M, Krišjāne Z, Zelčs V. 2018. Latvija. Zeme, daba, tauta, valsts (in Latvian). Rīga, Latvijas Universitātes Akadēmiskais apgāds, ISBN 978-9934-18-297-6. p. 425.
  • NutriData Estonian food composition database. https://www.nutridata.ee/en/. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Oras K, Grüner E, Pachel K, Iital A. 2006. Estimation of the wastewater generation by source categories. Final report. Statistical Office of Estonia, Eurostat grant 71301.2005.001-2005.017, p. 50.
  • Ozoliņš A. 2004. Koksne kā materiāls (in Latvian). In: Mācību materiāli no profesionālās tālākizglītības kursa “Augošu koku krājas un kvalitātes vērtēšana”, LLU Meža fakultātes Meža zinātnes un tālākizglītības centrs, 2007. Ozolnieki, Lauksaimniecības konsultāciju un atbalsta centrs, p. 32.
  • Paré D, Thiffault E. 2016. Nutrient budgets in forests under increased biomass harvesting scenarios. Curr Forestry Rep. 2(1):81–91. DOI: 10.1007/s40725-016-0030-3.
  • Pelletier N, Leip A. 2014. Quantifying anthropogenic mobilization, flows (in product systems) and emissions of fixed nitrogen in process-based environmental life cycle assessment: rationale, methods and application to a life cycle inventory. Int J Life Cycle Assess. 19(1):166–173. DOI: 10.1007/s11367-013-0622-0.
  • Pihlatie M, Pumpanen J, Rinne J, Ilvesniemi H, Simojoki A, Hari P, Vesala T. 2007. Gas concentration driven fluxes of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide in boreal forest soil. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology. 59(3):458–469. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2007.00278.x.
  • Rappe George MO, Hansson LJ, Ring E, Jansson PE, Gärdenäs AI. 2017. Nitrogen leaching following clear-cutting and soil scarification at a Scots pine site – A modelling study of a fertilization experiment. For Ecol Manag. 385:281–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2016.11.006.
  • Ruoho-Airola T, Eilola K, Savchuk OP, Parviainen M, Tarvainen V. 2012. Atmospheric nutrient input to the Baltic Sea from 1850 to 2006: A reconstruction from modeling results and historical data. Ambio. 41(6):549–557. DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0319-9.
  • Rytter L, Arvehy AS, Granhall U. 1991. Dinitrogen (C2H2) fixation in relation to nitrogen fertilization of grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench.] plantations in a peat bog. Biol Fertil Soils. 10:233–240. doi: 10.1007/BF00337373
  • Salm JO, Maddison M, Tammik S, Soosaar K, Truu J, Mander Ü. 2011. Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from undisturbed, drained and mined peatlands in Estonia. Hydrobiologia. 692:1–15.
  • Savchuk, O.P., Eilola, K., Gustafsson, B.G., Medina, M.R., Ruoho-Airola T. 2012. Long-term reconstruction of nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea, 1850-2006. Baltic Nest Institute, Technical report 6, p. 12.
  • Schelker J, Sponseller R, Ring E, Högbom L, Löfgren S, Laudon H. 2016. Nitrogen export from a boreal stream network following forest harvesting: seasonal nitrate removal and conservative export of organic forms. Biogeosciences. 13(1):1–12. DOI: 10.5194/bg-13-1-2016.
  • Schwab O, Zoboli O, Rechberger H. 2016. A data characterization framework for material flow analysis. J Ind Ecol. 21(1):16–25. DOI: 10.1111/jiec.12399.
  • Sobota DJ, Compton JE, McCrackin ML, Singh S. 2015. Cost of reactive nitrogen release from human activities to the environment in the United States. Environ Res Lett. 10:025006. DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/025006.
  • Sponseller RA, Gundale MJ, Futter M, Ring E, Nordin A, Näsholm T, Laudon H. 2016. Nitrogen dynamics in managed boreal forests: recent advances and future research directions. Ambio. 45(2):175–187. doi: 10.1007/s13280-015-0755-4
  • Statistics Estonia. 2017. Database. http://andmebaas.stat.ee/index.aspx?DatasetCode=KK85. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • Stein LY, Klotz MG. 2016. The nitrogen cycle. Curr Biol. 26(3):94–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.021.
  • Sutton MA, Howard CM, Erisman JW. 2011. The European nitrogen assessment: sources, effects and policy perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511976988.
  • Ulm R. 2018. Assessment of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in Estonia. Master thesis, Tallinn University of Technology, p. 74.
  • UN. 2013. Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets. United Nations Economic and Social Council. Economic Commission for Europe, ECE/EB.AIR/119, p. 12.
  • UNEP, WHRC. 2007. Reactive nitrogen in the environment: too much or too little of a good thing. Paris: United Nations Environment Programme. p. 56.
  • USDA Food Composition Databases. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/. [accessed 2020 Feb 18].
  • von Storch H, Jiang W, Furmanczyk KK. 2015. Storm surge case studies. In: Coastal and marine hazards, risks, and disasters. Elsevier Inc., p. 181–196.
  • Winiwarter W. 2016. Nitrogen budget: a tool to validate information on nitrogen fluxes. Proceedings of the 2016 International Nitrogen Initiative Conference, “Solutions to improve nitrogen use efficiency for the world”, 4 –8 December 2016, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Zhu X, Zhang W, Chen H, Mo J. 2015. Impacts of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen cycle in forest ecosystems: A review. Acta Ecol Sinica. 35:35–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2015.04.004.
  • Zölla U, Lucas-Moffata AM, Wintjena P, Schradera F, Beudertc B, Brümmera C. 2019. Is the biosphere-atmosphere exchange of total reactive nitrogen above forest driven by the same factors as carbon dioxide? An analysis using artificial neural networks. Atmos Environ. 206:108–118. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.02.042.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.