292
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Degenerative Diseases of the Lumbar Spine

, , , , &
Pages 866-873 | Published online: 09 Jul 2009

References

  • Barrera MC, Alustiza M, Gervas C, Recondo JA, Villanua JA, Salvador E. Post-operative lumbar spine: comparative study of TSE T2 and turbo-flair sequences vs contrast-enhanced SE Ti. Clin Imag 2001; 56:133–57.
  • Bartynski WS, Lin L. Lumbar root compression in the lateral recess: MR imaging, conventional myelography, and CT myelography comparison with surgical con-firmation. Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:348–60.
  • Bell GR, Ross JS. Diagnosis of nerve root compression. Orthoped Clin North Am 1992;23:405–19.
  • Chappell PM, Glover GH, Enzmann DR. Contrast on T2-weighted images of the lumbar spine using fast spin-echo and gated conventional spin-echo sequences. Neuroradiology 1995;37: 183–6.
  • Czervionke LF, Daniels DL, Wehrli FW, et al. Magnetic susceptibility artifacts in gradient-recalled echo MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1988; 9:1149–55.
  • Gilliams AR, Soto JA, Carter AP. Fast spin echo vs conventional spin echo in cervical spine imaging. Eur Radiol 1997;7:1211–4.
  • Gorres G, Mader I, Proske M. Subjective and objective image qualities: a comparison of sagittal T2 weighted spin-echo and Turbo-spin-echo sequences in magnetic resonance imaging of the spine by use of a subjective ranking system. Ro-ntgenpraxis 1998;51: 258–65.
  • Grossman RI, Gomori JM, Ramer KN, Lexa FJ, Schnall MD. Magnetization transfer: theory and clinical applications in neuroradiology. RadioGraphics 1994;14:279–90.
  • Held P, Dorenbeck U, Seitz J, Fru-nd R, Albrich H. MRI of the abnormal cervical spinal cord using 2D spoiled gradient echo multiecho sequence (Medic) with magnetization transfer saturation pulse. J Neuroradiol 2003;30: 83–90.
  • Held P, Seitz J, Fru-nd R, et al. Comparison of two-dimensional gradient echo, turbo spin echo and two-dimensional turbo gradient spin echo sequences in MRI of the cervical spinal cord anatomy. Eur J Radiol 2001; 38:64–71.
  • Hsieh MS, Tsai MD. Diagnosis of herniated intervertebral disc assisted by 3-dimensional magnetic resonance ima-ging. J Formos Med Assoc 1999;98:347–55.
  • Kikkawa I, Sugimoto H, Saita K, Ookami H, Nakama S, Hoshino Y. The role of Gd-enhanced three-dimensional MRI fast low-angle shot (FLASH) in the evaluation of symptomatic lumbosacral nerve roots. J Orthop Sci 2001;6:101–9.
  • Maldijan C, Adam RJ, Akhtar N, Maldijan JA, Bonakdarpour A, Boyko 0. Volume (three-dimensional) fast spin-echo imaging of the lumbar spine. Acad Radiol 1999;6:339–42.
  • Melhem ER, Benson ML, Beauchamp NJ, Lee RR. Cervical spondylosis: three-dimensional gradient-echo MR with magnetization transfer. Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:705–11.
  • Miller GM, Krauss WE. Myelography: still the gold standard. Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:298.
  • Modic MT, Masaryk T, Boumphrey F, Goormastic M, Bell G. Lumbar herniated disk disease and canal stenosis: prospective evaluation by surface coil MR, CT, and myelography. Am J Roentgenol 1886;147:757–65.
  • Modic MT, Masaryk TJ, Mulopulos GP, Bundschuh C, Han JS, Bohlman H. Cervical radiculopathy: prospec-tive evaluation with surface coil MR imaging, CT with metrizamide, and metrizamide myelography. Radiology 1986;161:753–9.
  • Murayama S, Numaguchi Y, Robinson AE. Degenerative lumbar spine disorders in gradient refocused echo axial magnetic resonance images. Clin Imag 1990; 14:198–203.
  • Reul J, Gievers B, Weils J, Thron A. Assessment of the narrow cervical spinal canal: a prospective comparison of MRI, myelography and CT-myelography. Neuro-radiology 1995;37:187–91.
  • Ross JS, Ruggieri P. Tkach J, et al. Lumbar degen-erative disk disease: prospective comparison of conven-tional t2-weighted spin-echo imaging and t2-weighted rapid acquisition relaxation-enhanced imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1993;14:1215–23.
  • Ross JS, Tkach J, Vandyke C, Modic MT. Clinical MR imaging of degenerative spinal disease: pulse sequences, gradient echo techniques and contrast agents. J Magn Reson Imag 1991;1:29–37.
  • Sardanelli F, Melani E, Sabattini R, et al. The role of T2*-weighted gradient-echo magnetic resonance sequences in the study of suspected dorsal-lumbosacral vertebral metastases. Radiol Med 1997; 94:296–301.
  • Tien RD, Buxton RB, Schwaighofer BW, Chu PK. Quantitation of structural distortion of the cervical neural foramina in gradient-echo MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imag 1991;1:683–7.
  • Tsuruda JS, Remley K. Effects of magnetic suscep-tibility artifacts and motion in evaluating the cervical neural foramina on 3 dft gradient-echo MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1990;12:237–41.
  • Wiener J. MR pulse sequences for herniated disks. Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:395–6.
  • Yousem DM, Atlas SW, Goldberg HI, Grossmann RI. Degenerative narrowing of the cervical spine neural foramina: evaluation with high-resolution 3 dft gradient-echo MR imaging. Am J Neuroradiol 1900; 12:229–36.
  • Yousem DM, Atlas SW, Hackney DB. Cervical spine disk herniation: comparison of CT and 3 dft gradient echo MR scans. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992; 16:345–51.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.