Imaging of the Inflammatory Response in Reperfusion Injury after Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Correlation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Histopathology

References

• The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, Gent M, Rowley H, Kase C, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. the PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism. JAMA 1999; 282: 2003–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warach S, Latour LL. Evidence of reperfusion injury, exacerbated by thrombolytic therapy, in human focal brain ischemia using a novel imaging marker of early blood-brain barrier disruption. Stroke 2004; 35: 2659–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SK, Kim DI, Kim SY, Kim DJ, Lee JE, Kim JH. Reperfusion cellular injury in an animal model of transient ischemia. Am J Neuroradiol 2004; 25: 1342–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Zoppo G, Ginis I, Hallenbeck JM, Iadecola C, Wang X, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammation and stroke: putative role for cytokines, adhesion molecules and iNOS in brain response to ischemia. Brain Pathol 2000; 10: 95–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallenbeck JM. The many faces of tumor necrosis factor in stroke. Nat Med 2002; 8: 1363–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M. Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions. Prog Neurobiol 1998; 56: 149–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ritter LS, Orozco JA, Coull BM, McDonagh PF, Rosenblum WI. Leukocyte accumulation and hemodynamic changes in the cerebral microcirculation during early reperfusion after stroke. Stroke 2000; 31: 1153–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan PH. Role of oxidants in ischemic brain damage. Stroke 1996; 27: 1124–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinmann HJ, Ebert W, Misselwitz B, Schmitt-Willich H. Tissue-specific MR contrast agents. Eur J Radiol 2003; 46: 33–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinschnitz C, Schutz A, Nolte I, Horn T, Frank M, Solymosi L, et al. In vivo detection of developing vessel occlusion in photothrombotic ischemic brain lesions in the rat by iron particle enhanced MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2005; 25: 1548–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rausch M, Baumann D, Neubacher U, Rudin M. In-vivo visualization of phagocytotic cells in rat brains after transient ischemia by USPIO. NMR Biomed 2002; 15: 278–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeter M, Saleh A, Wiedermann D, Hoehn M, Jander S. Histochemical detection of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast medium uptake in experimental brain ischemia. Magn Reson Med 2004; 52: 403–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yenari MA, Minami M, Sun GH, Meier TJ, Kunis DM, McLaughlin JR, et al. Calbindin d28k overexpression protects striatal neurons from transient focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 2001; 32: 1028–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll G, Griffin JW, Li CY, Trapp BD. Wallerian degeneration in the peripheral nervous system: participation of both Schwann cells and macrophages in myelin degradation. J Neurocytol 1989; 18: 671–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber R, Ramos-Cabrer P, Hoehn M. Present status of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in animal stroke models. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2006; 26: 591–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeter M, Franke C, Stoll G, Hoehn M. Dynamic changes of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in relation to inflammation and glial responses after photothrombotic cerebral infarction in the rat brain. Acta Neuropathol 2001; 101: 114–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll G, Wesemeier C, Gold R, Solymosi L, Toyka KV, Bendszus M. In vivo monitoring of macrophage infiltration in experimental autoimmune neuritis by magnetic resonance imaging. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 149: 142–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barone FC, Feuerstein GZ. Inflammatory mediators and stroke: new opportunities for novel therapeutics. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1999; 19: 819–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jander S, Kraemer M, Schroeter M, Witte OW, Stoll G. Lymphocytic infiltration and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in photochemically induced ischemia of the rat cortex. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995; 15: 42–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato H, Kogure K, Liu XH, Araki T, Itoyama Y. Progressive expression of immunomolecules on activated microglia and invading leukocytes following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res 1996; 734: 203–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang RL, Chopp M, Chen H, Garcia JH. Temporal profile of ischemic tissue damage, neutrophil response, and vascular plugging following permanent and transient (2H) middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Neurol Sci 1994; 125: 3–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissleder R, Elizondo G, Wittenberg J, Rabito CA, Bengele HH, Josephson L. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide: characterization of a new class of contrast agents for MR imaging. Radiology 1990; 175: 489–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann-Haefelin T, Kastrup A, de Crespigny A, Yenari MA, Ringer T, Sun GH, et al. Serial MRI after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: dynamics of tissue injury, blood-brain barrier damage, and edema formation. Stroke 2000;31:1965–72; discussion 1972–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Y, Chopp M, Jiang N, Yao F, Zaloga C. Temporal profile of in situ DNA fragmentation after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1995; 15: 389–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braun JS, Jander S, Schroeter M, Witte OW, Stoll G. Spatiotemporal relationship of apoptotic cell death to lymphomonocytic infiltration in photochemically induced focal ischemia of the rat cerebral cortex. Acta Neuropathol 1996; 92: 255–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar