References
- Aspelin P. Effect of two low osmolar contrast media, iohexol and ioxaglate on red cell aggregation and blood clot formation in vitro. Patient safety and adverse events in contrast medium examinations, I. Enge, J. Edgren. Elsevier Science Publ. BV, Amsterdam 1989; 79
- Aspelin P., Schmid-Schönbein H. Effect of ionic and nonionic contrast media on red cell aggregation in vitro. Acta Radiol. 1978; 19: 766
- Aspelin P., Schmid-Schönbein H., Malotta H. Do nonionic contrast media increase red cell aggregation and clot formation?. Invest. Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl 2)S326
- Bååth L., Almén T., Øksendal A. The effect of sodium addition to nonionic contrast media on cardiac contractile force. Perfusion of the isolated rabbit heart with iohexol and iopentol containing 0 to 154 mmol Na+/l added as NaCl. Acta Radiol. 1990; 31: 99
- Dawson P., Grainger R. G., Pitfield J. The new low-osmolar contrast media. A simple guide. Clin. Radiol. 1983; 34: 221
- Dawson P., Hewitt P., Mackie I. J., Machin S. J., Amin S., Bradshaw A. Contrast, coagulation and fibrinolysis. Invest. Radiol. 1986; 21: 248
- Dawson P., McCarthy P., Allison D. J., Garvey B., Bradshaw A. Non-ionic contrast agents, red cell aggregation and coagulation. Br. J. Radiol. 1988; 61: 963
- Fischer H. W. Blood cell aggregates with low-osmolality and nonionic contrast media. Radiology 1987; 165: 583
- Grollman J. H., Liu C. K., Astone R. A., Lurie M. D. Thromboembolic complications in coronary angiography associated with the use of nonionic contrast medium. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 1988; 14: 159
- Hardeman M. R., Goedhart P., Koen I. Y. The effect of low-osmolar ionic and nonionic contrast media on human blood viscosity, erythrocyte morphology, and aggregation behaviour. Invest. Radiol. 1991; 26: 810
- Hawkins I. F., Herbert L. Contrast material used as a catheter flushing agent. A method to reduce clot formation during angiography. Radiology 1974; 110: 351
- Hayes R., Mahon T., Masterson J., Owens A. The effects of ioxaglate 320, iohexol 350, and iopamidol 370 on erythrocyte aggregation. Invest. Radiol. 1991; 26: 742
- Huggins C. E. Frozen blood. Theory and practice. JAMA 1965; 193: 169
- Kallio T., Alanen A., Kormano M. The effect of radiographic contrast media on ultrasonically detectable red blood cell aggregation in vitro. Invest. Radiol. 1989; 24: 789
- Katayama H., Yamagucm K., Kozuka T., Takashoma T., Seez P., Matsuura K. Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media. A report from the Japanese Committee on the safety of contrast media. Radiology 1990; 175: 621
- Kimball J. P., Sansone V. J., Diters L. A., Wissel P. S. Red blood cell aggregation versus blood clot formation in ionic and nonionic contrast media. Invest. Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl. 2)S334
- Kozeny G. A., Murdock D. E., Euler D. E., et al. In vivo effects of acute changes in osmolality and sodium concentration on myocardial contractility. Am. Heart J. 1985; 109: 290
- Morris T. W. Ventricular fibrillation during right coronary arteriography with ioxaglate, iohexol and iopamidol in dogs. Invest. Radiol. 1988; 23: 205
- Palmer F. J. The RACR survey of intravenous contrast media reactions. A preliminary report. Australas. Radiol. 1988; 32: 8
- Palmer F. J. The RACR survey of intravenous contrast media reactions. Final report. Australas. Radiol. 1988; 32: 426
- Radner S. Vertebral angiography by catheterization. New method employed in 221 cases. Acta Radiol. 1951, Suppl. 87: 19
- Raininko R., Rihelä M. Blood clot formation in angiography catheters. In vitro tests with various contrast media. Acta Radiol. 1990; 31: 217
- Raininko R., Ylinen S. L. Effect of ionic and non-ionic contrast media on aggregation of red blood cells in vitro. A preliminary report. Acta Radiol. 1987; 28: 27
- Raininko R., Ylinen S. L. Prevention and dispersion of contrast media-induced red cell aggregates. An in vitro study. Acta Radiol. 1990; 31: 309
- Rasuli P. Blood clot formation in angiographic syringes containing nonionic contrast media. Radiology 1987; 165: 582
- Rasuli P., McLeish W. A., Hammond D. I. Anticoagulant effects of contrast materials. In vitro study of iohexol, ioxaglate and diatrizoate. AJR 1989; 152: 309
- Robertson H. J. F. Blood clot formation in angiographic syringes containing nonionic contrast media. Radiology 1987; 162: 621
- Stormorken H. Effects of contrast media on the hemostatic and thrombotic mechanisms. Invest. Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl. 2)S318
- Stormorken H. Biocompatibility of contrast media as evaluated by their effects on the thrombotic and haemostatic mechanisms. Patient safety and adverse events in contrast medium examinations, I. Enge, J. Edgren. Elsevier Science Publ. BV, Amsterdam 1989; 73
- Volger E., Schmid-Schönbein H., Mehrishi J. N. Artificial red cell aggregation caused by reduced salinity. Production of a polyalbumin. Bibl. Anat. 1973; 11: 296
- Wilson H. Aqueous dextrose solutions. A hazard in transfusions. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1950; 20: 667
- Wolf G. L., Arenson R. L., Cross A. P. A prospective trial of ionic vs nonionic contrast agents in routine clinical practice. Comparison of adverse effects. AJR 1989; 152: 939
- Zucker M. B., Mauss E. A. Erythrocyte aggregation in iohexol and other nonionic media. Invest. Radiol. 1988; 23(Suppl. 2)S340