Duplex ultrasound in the subclavian steal syndrome

References

• Ackerstaff R. G. A., Hoeneveld H., Slowikowski J. M., Moll F. L., Eikelboom B. C., Ludwig J. W. Ultrasonic duplex scanning in atherosclerotic disease of the innominate, subclavian and vertebral arteries. A comparative study with angiography. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1984; 10: 409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckett W. W., Davis P. C., Hoffman J. C. Duplex Doppler sonography of the carotid artery. False-positive results in an artery contralateral to an artery with marked stenosis. AJR 1990; 155: 1091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bluth E. I., Merrit C. R. B., Sullivan M. A., Bernhardt S., Darnell B. Usefulness of duplex ultrasound in evaluating vertebral arteries. J. Ultrasound Med. 1989; 8: 229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein N. M., Norris J. W. Subclavian steal. A harmless haemodynamic phenomenon?. Lancet 1986; 2: 303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bray J. M., Zenglein J. P., Laroche J. P., et al. Effect of subclavian steal syndrome on the basilar artery. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1994; 90: 174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis P. C., Nilsen B., Braun I. F., Hoffman J. C. A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries. AJNR 1986; 7: 1059
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deeg K. H., Hofbeck M., Singer H. Diagnosis of subclavian steal in infants with coarctation of the aorta and interruption of the aortic arch by color-coded Doppler sonography. J. Ultrasound Med. 1993; 12: 713
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher C. M. A new vascular syndrome. the subclaviansteal syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 1961; 265: 912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennerici M., Klemm C., Rautenberg W. The subclavian steal phenomen. A common vascular disorder with rare neurologic deficits. Neurology 1988; 38: 669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotval P. S., Babu S. C., Shah P. M. Doppler diagnosis of partial vertebral/subclavian steals convertible to full steals with physiologic maneuvers. J. Ultrasound Med. 1990; 9: 207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morvay Z., Milassin P., Barz P. Assessment of steal syndromes with colour and pulse Doppler imaging. Eur. Radiol. 1995; 5: 359
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pineda A., Smith J. L. True and false subclavian steal syndrome. Arch. Surg. 1966; 92: 258
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pãivänsalo M., Leinonen S., Turunen J., Tikkakoski T., Suramo I. Quantification of carotid artery stenosis with various Doppler velocity parameters. ROFO 1996; 164: 108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pãivänsalo M., Tikkakoski T., Suramo I. The effect of vertebral root stenosis on flow values of the interforamineal portion of the vertebral artery. Acta Radiol. Port. 1995; 26: 37
   Google Scholar
• Von Reutern G.-M., Pourcelot L. Cardiac-cycle-dependent alternating flow in vertebral arteries with subclavian artery stenoses. Stroke 1978; 9: 229
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringelstein E. B., Zeumer H., Bruckmann H., Stubben G., Sturm K. W. Atraumatische Diagnostik und semi-invasive Therapie des Subklavianzapfsyndroms mit Hilfe der perkutanen transluminalen Angioplastie (PTA). Ein zeitgemasses Konzept. Fortschr. Neurol. Psychiatr. 1986; 54: 216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwend R. B., Hambsch K., Baker L., Kwan K., Torruella A., Otis S. M. Carotid steal syndrome. A case study. J. Neuroimaging 1995; 5: 195
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sidhu P. S., Morarji Y. Case report. A variant of the subclavian steal syndrome. Clin. Radiol. 1995; 50: 420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Systat for Windows, Version 5. Statistics, Systat Inc. 1992
   Google Scholar
• Trattnig S., Karnel E., Kautzky A., Kainberger E., Matula C. Colour Doppler imaging of partial subclavian steal syndrome. Neuroradiology 1993; 35: 293
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winter R., Biedert S., Staudacher T., Betz H., Reuther R. Vertebral artery Doppler sonography. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Neurol. Sci. 1987; 237: 21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yip P. K., Liu H. M., Hwang B. S., Chen R. C. Subclavian steal phenomenon. A correlation between duplex sonographic and angiographic findings. Neuroradiology 1992; 34: 279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zbornikova V., Lassvik C. Duplex scanning in presumably normal persons of different ages. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1986; 12: 371
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwiebel W. J. Analysis of carotid Doppler signals. Vascular ultrasonography, 2 edn. Grune & Stratton, Orlando, FL 1986; 180
   Google Scholar