Interferon and Malignant Disease - How Does it Work and Why Doesn't it Always?

References

• Strander H. Interferon treatment of human neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res 1986; 46: 1–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Einhorn S, Strander H. Interferon treatment of human malig-nancies-A short review. Med Oncol Tumour Pharmacother 1993; 10: 25–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberg K. Endocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract: systemic treatment. Anti-Cancer Drugs 1994; 5: 503-19. Wetzler M, Kantarjian H, Kurzrock R, Talpaz M. Interferon-alpha therapy for chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Am J Med 1995; 99: 402–11.
   Google Scholar
• Kirkwood JM, Resnick GD, Cole BF. Efficacy, safety, and risk-benefit analysis of adjuvant interferon alfa-2b in melanoma. Semin Oncol 1997; 24 (Suppl 4): S16-23. Smalley RV, Andersen JW, Hawkins, MJ, et al. Interferon alfa combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1336–41.
   Google Scholar
• Ludwig H, Cohen AM, Polliack A, et al. Interferon-alpha for induction and maintenance in multiple myeloma: results of two multicenter randomized trials and summary of other studies. Ann Oncol 1995; 6: 467–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhauer EA, Lippman SM, Kavanagh JJ, et al. Combina-tion 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon alpha-2a in the therapy of solid tumours. Leukaemia 1994; 8: 1622–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J. Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 10931-4. van den Hooff A. Stromal involvement in malignant growth. Adv Cancer Res 1988; 50: 159–96.
   Google Scholar
• Eisenhauer EA, Lippman SM, Kavanagh JJ, et al. Combination 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon alpha-2a in the therapy of solid tumours. Leukaemia 1994; 8: 1622�5.
   Google Scholar
• Folkman J. Angiogenesis. J Biol Chem 1992; 267: 10931�4.
   Google Scholar
• van den Hooff A. Stromal involvement in malignant growth. Adv Cancer Res 1988; 50: 159�96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gresser I, Maury C, Brouty-Boye� D. Mechanism of the antitumour effect of interferon in mice. Nature 1972; 239: 167�8.
   Google Scholar
• Gresser I, Kaido T, Maury C, Woodrow D, Moss J, Belardelli F. Interaction of IFN a:b with host cells essential to the early inhibition of Friend erythroleukaemia visceral metastases in mice. Int J Cancer 1994; 57: 604�11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasui H, Proietti E, Vignaux F, Eid P, Gresser I. Inhibition of mouse a:b-interferon of the multiplication of a:b-interferon- resistant Friend erythroleukaemia cells cocultured with mouse hepatocytes. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 3533�9.
   Google Scholar
• Kolb H, Mittermuller J, Clemm C. Donor Leukocyte transfusions for treatment of recurrent chronic myelogenous leukaemia in marrow transplant patients. Blood 1990; 76: 2462�5.
   Google Scholar
• Einhorn S, A� hre A, Blomgren H, Johansson B, Mellstedt H, Strander H. Interferon and natural killer cell activity in multiple myeloma. Lack of correlation between interferon-induced enhancement of natural killer cell activity and clinical response to human interferon-a. Int J Cancer 1982; 30: 167� 72.
   Google Scholar
• Lane HC, Feinberg J, Davey V, et al. Anti-retroviral effects of interferon-a in AIDS-associated Kaposi�s sarcoma. Lancet 1988; 26: 1218�22.
   Google Scholar
• Ha�kansson A, Gustafsson B, Krysander L, Ha�kansson L. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in metastatic malignant melanoma and response to interferon alpha treatment. Br J Cancer 1996; 74: 670�6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorak H, Gresser I. Microvascular injury in pathogenesis of interferon-induced necrosis of subcutaneous tumours in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989; 81: 497�502.
   Google Scholar
• White C, Sondheimer H, Crouch E, Wilson H, Fan L. Therapy of pulmonary hemangiomatosis with recombinant alfa-2a. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1197�200.
   Google Scholar
• Einhorn S, Strander H. Interferon therapy for neoplastic diseases in man. In vitro and in vivo studies. In: Stinebring WR, Chapple PJ, eds. Human Interferon. Production and Clinical Use. Plenum Publ Corp, 1978: 159�74.
   Google Scholar
• Einhorn S, Vanky F, Grande�r D, Willems J. Induction of 2%,5%-oligoadenylate synthetase in malignant cells from freshly explanted tumour cells. Variability in the susceptibility to interferon. Eur J Cancer 1987; 23: 1607�13.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenblum MG, Maxwell BL, Talpaz M, Kelleher PJ, Mc- Credie KB, Gutterman JU. In vivo sensitivity and resistance of CML cells to a-IFN: correlation with receptor binding and induction of 2%,5%-oligoadenylate synthetase. Cancer Res 1986;46: 4848�52.
   Google Scholar
• Grande�r D, O� berg K, Lundqvist M-L, Tiensuu Jansson E, Eriksson B, Einhorn S. Interferon-induced enhancement of 2%,5%-oligoadenylate synthetase in mid-gut carcinoid tumours. Lancet 1990; 336: 337.
   Google Scholar
• Talpaz M, Rosenblum M, Kurtzrock R, Reuben J, Kantarjian H, Gutterman. J. Clinical and laboratory changes induced by alpha interferon in chronic lymphocytic leukemia�a pilot study. Am J Hematol 1987; 24: 341�50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferbus D, Khosravi S, Dumont J, Billard C. In vivo and in vitro induction of 2%,5%-oligoadenylate synthetase by interferon- alpha in nodular non-Hodgkin�s lymphoma and correlations with the clinical response. J Biol Regul Homeostat Agents 1990; 4: 127�34.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenning G, Ahre A, Nilsson K. Correlation between in vitro and in vivo sensitivity to human leukocyte interferon in patients with multiple myeloma. Scand J Haematol 1985; 35: 543–9.
   Google Scholar
• Shuai K. Interferon-activated signal transduction to the nu-cleus. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 1994; 6: 253–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gresser I, Bandu M-T, Brouty-Boye D. Interferon and cell division. IX. Interferon resistant L1210 cells: Characteristics and origin. J Natl Cancer Inst 1974; 52: 553–9.
   Google Scholar
• Daniel SK, Pine R, Pfeffer LM, Levy DE, Darnell JE. Cells resistant to interferon are defective in activation of a pro-moter-binding factor. EMBO J 1988; 7: 3779–83.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson N, Marks MS, Driggers PH, Ozato K. Interferon consensus sequence-binding protein, a member of the inter-feron regulatory factor family, suppresses interferon-induced gene transcription. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13: 588–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu B, Grander D, Sangfelt O, Einhorn S. Primary leukaemia cells resistant to a-interferon in vitro are defective in the induction of the DNA-binding factor ISGF-3. Blood 1994; 84: 1942–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kanda K, Decker T, Aman P, Wahlström M, von Gabain A, KaIlin B. The EBNA2-related resistance towards alpha inter-feron (IFN-a) in Burkitt's lymphoma cells effects induction of IFN-induced genes but not the activation of transcription factor ISGF-3. Mol Cell Biol 1992; 12: 4930–36.
   Google Scholar
• Matikainen S, Ronni T, Hurme M, Pine R. Retinoic acid activates interferon regulatory factor-I gene expression in myeloid cells. Blood 1996; 88: 114–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong LH, Krauer K, Hatzinisariou I, Devenish RJ, Ralph SJ. The mechanism of resistance to interferons in melanoma cells: Deficiency in signalling at the level of interferon-acti-vated transcription factors. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1995; 15 (Suppl 1): 172.
   Google Scholar
• Foster GR, Ackrill AM, Goldin RD, Kerr IM, Thomas HC, Stark GR. Expression of the terminal protein region of hep-atitis B virus inhibits cellular response to interferons a and y and double stranded RNA. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88: 2888–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich N, Pine R, Levy D, Darnell JE. Transcription of interferon stimulated genes is induced by adenovirus particles but is supppressed by EIA gene products. J Virol 1988; 62: 114–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Mayer E, De Mayer-Guiginard J. Interferons and other regulatory cytokines. New York: John Wiley, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Paucker G, Cantell K, Henle W. Quantitative studies on viral interference in suspended L cells. III. Effect of interfering viruses and interferon on the growth rate of cells. Virology 1962; 17: 324–34.
   Google Scholar
• Shearer M, Taylor-Papadimitriou J. Regulation of cell growth by interferon. Cancer Met Rev 1987; 6: 199–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grander D, Xu B, Einhorn S. Cytotoxic effect of interferon in primary malignant tumour cells. Studies in various malignan-cies. Eur J Cancer 1993; 14: 1940–3.
   Google Scholar
• Roos G, Leandersson T, Lundgren E. Interferon-induced cell cycle changes in human hemapoietic cell lines and fresh leukemic cells. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 5358–62.
   Google Scholar
• Lundblad D, Lundgren E. Block of a glioma cell line in S by interferon. Int J Cancer 1981; 27: 749–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balkwill F, Taylor-Papadimitriou J. Interferons affect both GI and S G2 in cells stimulated from quiecence to growth. Nature 1978; 274: 798–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grafia X, Reddy EP. Cell cycle control in mammalian cells: role of cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), growth suppressor genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). Oncogene 1995; 11: 2H–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kimchi A. Cytokine triggered molecular pathways that con-trol cell cycle arrest. J Cell Biochem 1992; 50: 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangfelt O, Erickson S, Einhorn S, Grander D. Induction of Cip/Kip and Ink4 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors by inter-feron- a in hematopoietic cell lines. Oncogene 1997; 14: 415–23.
   Google Scholar
• Yang E, Korsmeyer SJ. Molecular thanatopsis: A discourse on the BCL2 family and cell death. Blood 1996; 88: 386–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangfelt 0, Erickson S, Einhorn S, Castro J, Heiden T, Grander D. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell growth are independent responses of cells to interferon-a in hematopoietic cell lines. Cell Growth Diff 1997; 8: 343–52.
   Google Scholar
• Milner AE, Grand RJ, Gregory CD. Effects of interferon-a on human B cells: repression of apoptosis and prevention of cell growth are independent responses of Burkitt lymphoma lines. Int J Cancer 1995; 61: 348–54.
   Google Scholar
• Sangfelt O, Einhorn S, Björklund AC, Wiman KG, Okan I, Grander D. Wild-type p53-induced apoptosis in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line is inhibited by interferon-y. Int J Cancer 1996; 67: 106–12.
   Google Scholar
• Sangfelt O, Osterborg A, Grander D, et al. Response to interferon therapy in patients with multiple myeloma corre-lates with expression of the Bc1-2 oncoprotein. Int J Cancer 1995; 63: 190–2.
   Google Scholar
• Sachs L. Control of normal cell differentiation and the pheno-typic reversion of malignancy in myeloid leukemia. Nature 1978; 274: 535–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi G. Interferons and cell differentiation. In: Gresser I, ed. Interferon 6. London: Academic Press Inc., 1985; 31–68.
   Google Scholar
• Ostlund L, Einhorn S, Robert K-H, Juliusson G, Biberfeld P. Chronic B-Iymphocytic leukemia cells proliferate and differ-entiate following exposure to interferon in vitro. Blood 1986; 67: 152–9.
   Google Scholar
• Lindahl P, Leary P, Gresser I. Enhancement by interferon of the expression of surface antigens on murine leukemia L1210 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973; 70: 2785–8.
   Google Scholar
• Heron I, Hokland M, Berg K. Enhanced expression of /32-mi-croglobulin and HLA antigens on human lymphoid cells by interferon. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1978; 75: 6215–9.
   Google Scholar
• Dustin ML, Rothlein R, Bhan AK, Dinarello CD, Springer TA. Induction by IL 1 and interferon-y: tissue distribution, biochemistry and function of a natural adherence molecule (ICAM-1). J Immunol 1986; 137: 245–54.
   Google Scholar
• Mentzer SJ, Faller DV, Burakoff SJ. Interferon-gamma in-duction of LFA-I-mediated homotypic adhesion of human monocytes. J Immunol 1986; 137: 108–13.
   Google Scholar
• Dron M, Tovey M. Isolation of Daudi cells with reduced sensitivity to interferon. I. Characterization. J Gen Virol 1983; 64: 2641–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyman M, Nordgren A, Teherani M, et al. A T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia patient with two malignant cell popula-tions carrying different deletions of the pl6INK4 gene. Re-sponse to interferon-a therapy in one of the subclones. Leukemia 1996; 10: 909–24.
   Google Scholar
• Ahre A, Björkholm M, Osterborg A, et al. High doses of natural alpha-interferon in the treatment of multiple myeloma-a pilot study from the myeloma group of central Sweden. Eur J Hematol 1988; 41: 123–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood J, Harris J, Vera R, et al. A randomized study of low and high doses of leukocyte a-interferon in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: The American Cancer Society collabora-tive trial. Cancer Res 1985; 45: 863–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Molen L, Duffey P, Urba W. Low dose vs high dose recombinant interferon a-2a treatment in favorable histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1989; 8: 255.
   Google Scholar
• von Wussow P, Pralle H, Hochkeppel H, et al. Effective natural interferon-a therapy in recombinant interferon-a-re-sistant patients with hairy cell leukemia. Blood 1991; 78: 38–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Wussow P, Jakschies D, Freund M. Treatment of anti-re- combinant interferon-alpha 2 antibody positive CML patients with natural interferon-alpha. Brit J Haematol 1991; 78: 210–6.
   Google Scholar
• Finter NB. Why are there so many subtypes of alpha-interfer-ons? J Interferon Res 1991; Special issue, January, 185–94.
   Google Scholar