Calculated Effects of Displacement Errors in External Beam Radiotherapy of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

REFERENCES

• Bagshaw MA, Kaplan HS, Sagerman RH. Linear accelerator supervoltage radiotherapy. Carcinoma of the Prostate 1965; 85: 121–9.
   Google Scholar
• Hanks GE. Radiotherapy or surgery for prostate cancer? Acta Oncol 1991; 30: 231–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez AC, Lee HK, Georgiou A, Logsdon MD, Lai PP, Lockett MA. Technical and tumor-related factors affecting outcome of definitive irradiation for localized carcinoma of the prostate. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 26: 581–91.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Porter AT, Forman JD. Prostate brachytherapy: an overview. Cancer 1993; 71: 953–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaplan ID, Prestidge BR, Bagshaw MA, Cox RS. The impor-tance of local control in the treatment of prostatic cancer. J Urol 1992; 147: 917–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks GE, Martz KL, Diamond JJ. The effect of dose on local control of prostatic cancer. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1988; 15: 1299–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelefsky MJ, Leibel SA, Gaudin PB, et al. Dose escalation with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy affects the outcome in prostatic cancer. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41: 491–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanks GE, Hanlon AL, Schultheiss TE, et al. Dose escalation with 3D conformal treatments: five year outcomes, treatment optimization, and future directions. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 41: 501–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haken TKR, Forman JD, Heimburger DK, et al. Treatment planning issues related to prostate movement in response to different filling of the rectum and bladder. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 20: 1317–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendrickson FR. Precision in radiation oncology. Int .1- Ra-diat Oncol Biol Phys 1982; 8: 311–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fowler JF. The linear-quadratic formula and progress in fractionated radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 1989; 62: 679–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultheiss TE, Orton CG. Models in radiotherapy: volume effects. Med Phys 1983; 10: 410–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolbarst AB. Optimization of radiation therapy II: the criti-cal-voxel model. Int .1- Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1984; 10: 741–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steel CG. Growth kinetics of tumours. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Tucker SL, Thames HD, Taylor JMG. How well is the probability of tumor cure after fractionated irradiation de-scribed by Poisson statistics? Radiat Res 1990; 124: 273–82.
   Google Scholar
• Amdur RJ, Parsons JT, Fitzgerald LT, Million RR. Prostate carcinoma treated with irradiation: influence of treatment time on local control. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual AS-TRO Meeting (abstract), 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Sheata WM, Jazy FK, Costandi YT, Ratledge HW. Split course pelvic irradiation and boost for carcinoma of the prostate. Radiother Oncol 1986; 5: 95–100.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai PP, Perez CA, Shapio SJ, Lockett MA. Carcinoma of the prostate stage B and C: lack of influence of duration of radiotherapy on tumor control and treatment morbidity. Int .1-Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990; 19: 561–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lai PP, Pilepich MV, Krall JM, et al. The effect of overall treatment time on the outcome of definitive radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma: the Radiation Therapy Oncol-ogy Group 75–06 and 77–06 experience. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ASTRO Meeting (abstract), 1990.
   Google Scholar
• DeWeese T, Dillehay LE, Shao Y, Williams JR. Low dose sensitization of human prostate cancer cells. Abstract. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1994; 30 (Suppl): 319.
   Google Scholar
• Ekldv S, Essand M, Carlsson J, Nilsson S. Radiation sensi-tization by estramustine. Studies on cultured human prostatic cancer cells. The Prostate 1992; 21: 287–95.
   Google Scholar
• Stenerlöv B, Pettersson ÁA, Essand M, Blomquist E, Carlsson J. Irregular variations in radiation sensitivity when the linear energy transfer is increased. Radiother Oncol (sub-mitted).
   Google Scholar
• Kabalin JN, Hodge KK, McNeal JE, Freiha FS, Stamey TA. Identification of residual cancer in the prostate following radiation therapy: role of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy and prostate specific antigen. J Urol 1989; 142: 326–31.
   Google Scholar
• Ljung G. Radiotherapy of prostatic adenocarcinoma with reference to local cure, characterization of residual tumour cells and adverse effects. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala: University of Uppsala, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Zietman AL, Shipley WU, Willett CG. Residual disease after radical surgery or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Can-cer 1993; 71: 959–69.
   Google Scholar
• Freiha FS, Bagshaw MA. Carcinoma of the prostate: results of post-irradiation biopsy. The Prostate 1984; 5: 19–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Medical Product Agency. Pharmacological treatment of prostatic cancer. Uppsala. Treatment of Prostatic Cancer. Uppsala, 1993: 167–79.
   Google Scholar
• Lennernds B, Letocha H, Rikner G, Magnusson A, Nilsson S. Field displacement during external radiotherapy in prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with radioactive 198Au implants and external irradiation. Acta Oncol 1995; 34: 959–64.
   Google Scholar
• Griffiths SE, Khoury GG, Eddy A. Quality control of radio-therapy during pelvic irradiation. Radiother Oncol 1991; 20: 203–6.
   Google Scholar
• Kihlén B, Rudén B-I. Reproducibility of field alignment in radiation therapy. Acta Oncol 1989; 28: 689–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gildersleve J, Dearnaley DP, Evans PM, Law M, Rawlings C, Swindell WA. Randomised trial of patient repositioning dur-ing radiotherapy using a megavoltage imaging system. Radio-ther Oncol 1994; 31: 161–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rabinowitz I, Broomberg J, Goitein M, McCarthy K, Leong J. Accuracy of radiation field alignment in clinical practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1985; 11: 1857–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards MJS, Buehler DA. Errors in reproducing pelvic radiation portals. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1977; 2: 1017–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenthal SA, Roach M, Goldsmith BJ, et al. Immobilization improves the reproducibility of patient positioning during six-field conformal radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 27: 921–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soffen EM, Hanks GE, Hwang CC, Chu JCH. Conformal static field therapy for low volume low grade prostate cancer with rigid immobilization. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 20: 141–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byhardt RW, Cox DJ, Homburg A, Liermann G. Weekly localization films and detection of field placement errors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1978; 4: 881–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemierko A. Reporting and analyzing dose distributions: a concept of equivalent uniform dose. Med Phys 1997; 24: 103–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheldon TE, Deehan C, Wheldon EG, Barrett A. The linear-quadratic transformation of dose-volume histograms in frac-tionated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 1998; 46: 285–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar