Lung cancer in never-smokers – what are the differences?

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66:7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khuder SA. Effect of cigarette smoking on major histological types of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer. 2001;31:139–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonato L, Agudo A, Ahrens W, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in Europe: an update of risk estimates and an assessment of inter-country heterogeneity. Int J Cancer. 2001;91:876–887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer. 2000;88:820–827.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryant A, Cerfolio RJ. Differences in epidemiology, histology, and survival between cigarette smokers and never-smokers who develop non-small cell lung cancer. Chest. 2007;132:185–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couraud S, Souquet PJ, Paris C, et al. BioCAST/IFCT-1002: epidemiological and molecular features of lung cancer in never-smokers. Eur Respir J. 2015;45:1403–1414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun S, Schiller JH, Gazdar AF. Lung cancer in never smokers – a different disease. Nat Rev Cancer. 2007;7:778–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toh CK, Lim WT. Lung cancer in never-smokers. J Clin Pathol. 2007;60:337–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudin CM, Avila-Tang E, Harris CC, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers: molecular profiles and therapeutic implications. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:5646–5661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, et al. Pathology and genetics. Tumours of the lung, pleura, thymus and heart. 1st ed. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Clément-Duchêne C, Vignaud JM, Stoufflet A, et al. Characteristics of never smoker lung cancer including environmental and occupational risk factors. Lung Cancer. 2010;67:144–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samet JM, Avila-Tang E, Boffetta P, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers: clinical epidemiology and environmental risk factors. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:5626–5645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toh CK, Gao F, Lim WT, et al. Never-smokers with lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence of a distinct disease entity. J Clin Oncol. 2006;24:2245–2251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunes E, Narigão M. Portugal – Prevenção e Controlo do Tabagismo em Números – 2015. 1st ed. Lisbon: Direção-Geral da Saúde; 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Couraud S, Zalcman G, Millero B, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers-a review. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:1299–1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kim SK, et al. Lung cancer in never smokers: change of a mindset in the molecular era. Lung Cancer. 2011;72:9–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramanian J, Govindan R. Molecular genetics of lung cancer in people who have never smoked. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9:676–682.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosell R, Moran T, Queralt C, et al. Screening for epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:958–967.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackman DM, Yeap BY, Sequist LV, et al. Exon 19 deletion mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor are associated with prolonged survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib or erlotinib. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12:3908–3914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakelee HA, Chang ET, Gomez SL, et al. Lung cancer incidence in never smokers. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:472–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordquist LT, Simon GR, Cantor A, et al. Improved survival in never-smokers vs current smokers with primary adenocarcinoma of the lung. Chest. 2004;126:347–351.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaconescu R, Lafond C, Whittom R. Treatment delays in non-small cell lung cancer and their prognostic implications. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6:1254–1259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis P, Vandermeer R. Delays in the diagnosis of lung cancer. J Thorac Dis. 2011;3:183–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• In KH, Kwon YS, Oh IJ, et al. Lung cancer patients who are asymptomatic at diagnosis show favorable prognosis: a Korean Lung Cancer Registry Study. Lung Cancer. 2009;64:232–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Lung Screening Trial Research Team, Aberle DR, Adams AM, et al. Reduced lung-cancer mortality with low-dose computed tomographic screening. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:395–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar