Increasing kidney cancer incidence and survival in Estonia: role of age and stage

References

• Dy GW, Gore JL, Forouzanfar MH, et al. Global burden of urologic cancers, 1990–2013. Eur Urol. 2017;71:437–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun M, Thuret R, Abdollah F, et al. Age-adjusted incidence, mortality, and survival rates of stage-specific renal cell carcinoma in North America: a trend analysis. Eur Urol. 2011;59:135–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabjerg M, Mikkelsen MN, Walter S, et al. Incidental renal neoplasms: is there a need for routine screening? A Danish single-center epidemiological study. Apmis. 2014;122:708–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Znaor A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Laversanne M, et al. International variations and trends in renal cell carcinoma incidence and mortality. Eur Urol. 2015;67:519–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow W, Dong L, Devesa S. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2010;7:245–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, et al. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon: IARC Press; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, et al. Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies. Int J Cancer. 2005;114:101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renehan AG, Tyson M, Egger M, et al. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008;371:569–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weikert S, Boeing H, Pischon T, et al. Blood pressure and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:438–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho E, Lindblad P, Adami H-O. Kidney cancer. In: Adami H-O, Hunter P, Trichopoulos D, eds. Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2008. p. 597–612.
   Google Scholar
• Choueiri TK, Je Y, Cho E. Analgesic use and the risk of kidney cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Cancer. 2014;134:384–396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Health Development. Health statistics and health research database [Internet]. Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development; 2018 [cited 2018 May 14]. Available from: http://pxweb.tai.ee/PXWeb2015/index_en.html
   Google Scholar
• Bray F, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol.XI (electronic version). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2017.
   Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. World Health Organization Mortality database (accessed on 2016 Sep 9) [Internet]. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018 [cited 2018 May 14]. Available from: http://www-dep.iarc.fr/WHOdb/WHOdb.htm
   Google Scholar
• Sant M, Aareleid T, Berrino F, et al. EUROCARE-3: survival of cancer patients diagnosed 1990–94 - results and commentary. Ann Oncol. 2003;14:61v–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcos-Gragera R, Mallone S, Kiemeney LA, et al. Urinary tract cancer survival in Europe 1999–2007: results of the population-based study EUROCARE-5. Eur J Cancer. 2015;51:2217–2230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, International Association of Cancer Registries, European Network of Cancer Registries. International rules for multiple primary cancers (ICD-O Third Edition). Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• International Union Against Cancer (UICC). TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th edition. New York: Wiley Blackwell; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• American Joint Committee on Cancer. Manual for staging of cancer, Fourth Edition. Philadelphia: American Joint Committee on Cancer; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• American Joint Committee on Cancer. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, Fifth Edition. Philadelphia: American Joint Committee on Cancer; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Ederer F, Heise H. Instructions to IBM 650 programmers in processing survival computations. Methodological note no. 10. Bethesda (MD): End Results Evaluation Section, National Cancer Institute; 1959.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner H, Gefeller O, Hakulinen T. Period analysis for “up-to-date” cancer survival data: theory, empirical evaluation, computational realisation and applications. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:326–335.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickman PW, Coviello E. Estimating and modeling relative survival. Stata J. 2015;15:186–215.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corazziari I, Quinn M, Capocaccia R. Standard cancer patient population for age standardising survival ratios. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:2307–2316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engholm G, Ferlay J, Christensen N, et al. NORDCAN: cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence and survival in the nordic countries, version 7.3 (2016 Aug 7) [Internet]. Association of the Nordic cancer registries. Cope hagen: Danish Cancer Society; 2018 [cited 2018 April 20]. Available from: http://www.ancr.nu
   Google Scholar
• Znaor A, Laversanne M, Bray F. Less overdiagnosis of kidney cancer? An age-period-cohort analysis of incidence trends in 16 populations worldwide. Int J Cancer. 2017;141:925–932.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engholm G, Hakulinen T, Gislum M, et al. Trends in the survival of patients diagnosed with kidney or urinary bladder cancer in the Nordic countries 1964–2003 followed up to the end of 2006. Acta Oncol. 2010;49:655–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autopsy rate (%) for all deaths. European Health Information Gateway [Internet]. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Division of Information, Evidence, Research and Innovation; 2018 [cited 2018 April 20]. Available from: https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/indicators/hfa_545-6410-autopsy-rate-for-all-deaths/
   Google Scholar
• Padrik P, Kirsimägi Ü, Everaus H. Changes in the natural history of renal cancer: comparison of Estonian data from the periods 1986–1988 and 1996–1998. Int Urol Nephrol. 2007;39:35–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. Health at a Glance 2017. OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Nisen H, Järvinen P, Fovaeus M, et al. Contemporary treatment of renal tumors: a questionnaire survey in the Nordic countries (the NORENCA-I study). Scand J Urol. 2017;51:360–366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekkel M, Veideman T. Health Behavior among Estonian Adult Population, 2016. Tallinn: National Institute for Health Development; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Aareleid T, Zimmermann M-L, Baburin A, et al. Divergent trends in lung cancer incidence by gender, age and histological type in Estonia: a nationwide population-based study. BMC Cancer. 2017;17:596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold M, Touillaud M, Dossus L, et al. Cancers in France in 2015 attributable to high body mass index. Cancer Epidemiol. 2018;52:15–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaldmäe M, Zemtsovskaja G, Abina J, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Tallinn, Estonia. Medicina (Kaunas). 2017;53:268–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaldmäe M, Annuk M, Viigimaa M, et al. Prevalence and determinants of hypertension in Estonian adults. Scand J Public Health. 2014;42:504–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cífková R, Skodová Z, Lánská V, et al. Trends in blood pressure levels, prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech population from 1985 to 2000/01. J Hypertens. 2004;22:1479–1485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De P, Otterstatter MC, Semenciw R, et al. Trends in incidence, mortality, and survival for kidney cancer in Canada, 1986–2007. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25:1271–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidney cancer statistics [Internet]. Cancer Research UK; 2018 [cited 2018 April 5]. Available from: http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/kidney-cancer
   Google Scholar
• Pavlík T, Májek O, Büchler T, et al. Trends in stage-specific population-based survival of cancer patients in the Czech Republic in the period 2000–2008. Cancer Epidemiol. 2014;38:28–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aareleid T, Brenner H. Trends in cancer patient survival in Estonia before and after the transition from a Soviet republic to an open-market economy. Int J Cancer. 2002;102:45–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berrino F, Capocaccia R, Esteve J, et al. Survival of cancer patients in Europe: the EUROCARE-2 study. IARC Scientific Publications No. 151. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Oncology Guidelines. Renal Cell Carcinoma. 2017. European Association of Urology; [cited 2018 April 20]. Available from: http://uroweb.org/guideline/renal-cell-carcinoma/
   Google Scholar
• Motzer BRJ, Bacik J, Murphy BA, et al. Interferon-Alfa as a comparative treatment for clinical trials of new therapies against advanced renal cell carcinoma. Jco. 2002;20:289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escudier B, Eisen T, Stadler WM, et al. Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escudier B, Bellmunt J, Négrier S, et al. Phase III trial of bevacizumab plus interferon alfa-2a in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (AVOREN): final analysis of overall survival. Jco. 2010;28:2144–2150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Tomczak P, et al. Overall survival and updated results for sunitinib compared with interferon alfa in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Jco. 2009;27:3584–3590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudes G, Carducci M, Tomczak P, et al. Temsirolimus, interferon alfa, or both for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2271–2281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sternberg CN, Davis ID, Mardiak J, et al. Pazopanib in locally advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: Results of a randomized phase III trial. Jco. 2010;28:1061–1068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rini BI, Escudier B, Tomczak P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of axitinib versus sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011;378:1931–1939.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audisio RA, Bozzetti F, Gennari R, et al. The surgical management of elderly cancer patients: recommendations of the SIOG surgical task force. Eur J Cancer. 2004;40:926–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beisland C, Johannesen TB, Reisaeter LAR, et al. Real-life use of diagnostic biopsies before treatment of kidney cancer: results from a Norwegian population-based study. Scand J Urol. 2018;52:38–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar