Elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio combined with hyponatremia indicate poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:7–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibovich BC, Blute ML, Cheville JC, et al. Prediction of progression after radical nephrectomy for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a stratification tool for prospective clinical trials. Cancer. 2003;97:1663–1671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patard J-J, Kim HL, Lam JS, et al. Use of the University of California Los Angeles integrated staging system to predict survival in renal cell carcinoma: an International Multicenter Study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22:3316–3322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motzer RJ, Mazumdar M, Bacik J, et al. Survival and prognostic stratification of 670 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17:2530–2540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heng DYC, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2009;127:5794–5799.
   Google Scholar
• Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140:883–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell. 2011;144:646–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donskov F. Immunomonitoring and prognostic relevance of neutrophils in clinical trials. Semin Cancer Biol. 2013;23:200–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byun S-S, Hwang EC, Kang SH, et al. Prognostic significance of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma: a large, multicenter cohort analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:5634148.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hu K, Lou L, Ye J, et al. Prognostic role of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5:e006404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Na N, Yao J, Cheng C, et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of the pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of prognosis in renal carcinoma patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oncotarget. 2016;7:44039–44046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Templeton AJ, Knox JJ, Lin X, et al. Change in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in response to targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma as a prognosticator and biomarker of efficacy. Eur Urol. 2016;70:358–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viers BR, Thompson RH, Lohse CM, et al. Pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts tumor pathology in newly diagnosed renal tumors. World J Urol. 2016;34:1693–1699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Otunctemur A, Dursun M, Besiroglu H, et al. Clinical significance of preoperative neutrophil - to - lymphocyte ratio in renal cell carcinoma. Int Braz J Urol. 2016;42:678–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holland-Bill L, Christiansen CF, Farkas DK, et al. Diagnosis of hyponatremia and increased risk of a subsequent cancer diagnosis: results from a nationwide population-based cohort study. Acta Oncol. 2018;57:522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selmer C, Madsen JC, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Hyponatremia, all-cause mortality, and risk of cancer diagnoses in the primary care setting: a large population study. Eur J Intern Med. 2016;36:36–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasudev NS, Brown JE, Brown SR, et al. Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma: association of preoperative sodium concentration with survival. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14:1775–1781.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeppesen AN, Jensen HK, Donskov F, et al. Hyponatremia as a prognostic and predictive factor in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 2010;102:867–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawashima A, Tsujimura A, Takayama H, et al. Impact of hyponatremia on survival of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with molecular targeted therapy. Int J Urol. 2012;19:1050–1057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutz FAB, Xie W, Donskov F, et al. The impact of low serum sodium on treatment outcome of targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from the international metastatic renal cell cancer database consortium. Eur Urol. 2014;65:723–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penttilä P, Bono P, Peltola K, et al. Hyponatremia associates with poor outcome in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with everolimus: prognostic impact. Acta Oncol. 2018;57:1580–1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soerensen AV, Geertsen PF, Christensen IJ, et al. A five-factor biomarker profile obtained week 4-12 of treatment for improved prognostication in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: results from DARENCA study 2. Acta Oncol. 2016;55:341–348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellmunt J, Leow JJ. Hyponatremia associated with worse outcomes in metastatic renal cell cancer: a potential target for intervention? Eur Urol. 2014;65:731–732.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt M, Pedersen L, Sørensen HT. The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29:541–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erichsen R, Lash TL, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, et al. Existing data sources for clinical epidemiology: the Danish National Pathology Registry and Data Bank. Clin Epidemiol. 2010;2:51–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grann AF, Erichsen R, Nielsen AG, et al. Existing data sources for clinical epidemiology: the clinical laboratory information system (LABKA) research database at Aarhus University, Denmark. Clin Epidemiol. 2011;3:133–138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keizman D, Ish-Shalom M, Huang P, et al. The association of pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio with response rate, progression free survival and overall survival of patients treated with sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur J Cancer. 2012;48:202–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cancer.org [Internet]. American Cancer Society. [cited 2019 July 3]. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/kidney-cancer.html
   Google Scholar
• Signoretti S, Flaifel A, Chen YB, et al. Renal cell carcinoma in the era of precision medicine: from molecular pathology to tissue-based biomarkers. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36:3553–3559.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viers BR, Houston Thompson R, Boorjian SA, et al. Preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio predicts death among patients with localized clear cell renal carcinoma undergoing nephrectomy. Urol Oncol. 2014;32:1277–1284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coffelt SB, Wellenstein MD, de Visser KE. Neutrophils in cancer: neutral no more. Nat Rev cancer. 2016;16:431–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luca A, Angermayr B, Bertolini G, et al. An integrated MELD model including serum sodium and age improves the prediction of early mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 2007;13:1174–1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chao Y-N, Chiu N-C, Huang F-Y. Clinical features and prognostic factors in childhood pneumococcal meningitis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2008;41:48–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar