Clinical implications of variable relative biological effectiveness in proton therapy for prostate cancer

References

• Culp MBB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, et al. Recent global patterns in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur Urol. 2020;77(1):38–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Litwin MS, Tan HJ. The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a review. JAMA. 2017;317(24):2532–2542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa H, Tsuji T, Kamada , the Working Group for Genitourinary Tumors, et al. Carbon-ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Int J Urol. 2012;19(4):296–305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guckenberger M, Flentje M. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of localized prostate cancer: a review and future perspectives. Strahlenther Onkol. 2007;183(2):57–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zelefsky MJ, Kollmeier M, Cox B, et al. Improved clinical outcomes with high-dose image guided radiotherapy compared with non-IGRT for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;84(1):125–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon SJ. The linear quadratic model: Usage, interpretation and challenges. Phys Med Biol. 2018;64(1):01TR01–01TR24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leeuwen CM, Oei AL, Crezee J, et al. The alpha and beta of tumours: a review of parameters of the linear-quadratic model, derived from clinical radiotherapy studies. Radiat. Oncol. 2018;13(1):1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joiner M, van der Kogel A. Basic clinical radiobiology. 4th ed. London, UK: Hodder Education; 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Yaromina A, Thames H, Zhou X, et al. Radiobiological hypoxia, histological parameters of tumour microenvironment and local tumour control after fractionated irradiation. Radiother. Oncol. 2010; 96(1):116–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siva S, MacManus MP, Martin RF, et al. Abscopal effects of radiation therapy: a clinical review for the radiobiologist. Cancer Lett. 2015;356(1):82–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Fractionation and protraction for radiotherapy of prostate carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999;43(5):1095–1101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler J, Chappell R, Ritter M. Is α/β for prostate tumors really low? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001;50(4):1021–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen LN, Suy S, Uhm S, et al. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer: the Georgetown University experience. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8(1):1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fossati P, Matsufuji N, Kamada T, et al. Radiobiological issues in prospective carbon ion therapy trials. Med Phys. 2018;45(11):e1096–e1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganetti H. Proton therapy physics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press - Taylor & Francis Group; 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Grassberger C, Trofimov A, Lomax A, et al. Variations in linear energy transfer within clinical proton therapy fields and the potential for biological treatment planning. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;80(5):1559–1566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart RD, Yu VK, Georgakilas AG, et al. Effects of radiation quality and oxygen on clustered DNA lesions and cell death. Radiat Res. 2011;176(5):587–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganetti H, Blakely E, Carabe-Fernandez A, et al. Report of the AAPM TG-256 on the relative biological effectiveness of proton beams in radiation therapy. Med Phys. 2019;46(3):e53–e78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carabe A, España S, Grassberger C, et al. Clinical consequences of relative biological effectiveness variations in proton radiotherapy of the prostate, brain and liver. Phys Med Biol. 2013;58(7):2103–2117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen J, Petersen JBB, Stokkevåg CH, et al. Biological dose and complication probabilities for the rectum and bladder based on linear energy transfer distributions in spot scanning proton therapy of prostate cancer. Acta Oncol. (Madr). 2017; 56(11):1413–1419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paganetti H. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values for proton beam therapy. Variations as a function of biological endpoint, dose, and linear energy transfer. Phys Med Biol. 2014;59(22):R419–R472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedenberg M, Lind BK, Hårdemark B. A model for the relative biological effectiveness of protons: the tissue specific parameter α/β of photons is a predictor for the sensitivity to LET changes. Acta Oncol. (Madr). 2013;52(3):580–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara AL, Schuemann J, Paganetti H. A phenomenological relative biological effectiveness (RBE) model for proton therapy based on all published in vitro cell survival data. Phys Med Biol. 2015;60(21):8399–8416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frese MC, Yu VK, Stewart RD, et al. A mechanism-based approach to predict the relative biological effectiveness of protons and carbon ions in radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012;83(1):442–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlson DJ, Stewart RD, Semenenko VA, et al. Combined use of Monte Carlo DNA damage simulations and deterministic repair models to examine putative mechanisms of cell killing. Radiat. Res. 2008;169(4):447–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durante M, Paganetti H, Kry SF, et al. Report of a National Cancer Institute special panel: characterization of the physical parameters of particle beams for biological research. Med Phys. 2019;46(2):e37–e52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carabe A, Moteabbed M, Depauw N, et al. Range uncertainty in proton therapy due to variable biological effectiveness. Phys Med Biol. 2012;57(5):1159–1172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins RB. A microdosimetric-kinetic model of cell death from exposure to ionizing radiation of any LET, with experimental and clinical applications. Int J Radiat Biol. 1996;69(6):739–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkins RB. A microdosimetric-kinetic model for the effect of non-poisson distribution of lethal lesions on the variation of RBE with LET. Radiat Res. 2003;160(1):61–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kase Y, Kanai T, Matsufuji N, et al. Biophysical calculation of cell survival probabilities using amorphous track structure models for heavy-ion irradiation. Phys Med Biol. 2008;53(1):37–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolet A, Cortés‐Giraldo MA, Carabe‐Fernandez A. On the concepts of dose-mean lineal energy, unrestricted and restricted dose-averaged LET in proton therapy. Phys Med Biol. 2020;65(7):075011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carabe-Fernandez A, Dale RG, Hopewell JW, et al. Fractionation effects in particle radiotherapy: Implications for hypo-fractionation regimes. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(19):5685–5700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kase Y, Kanai T, Matsumoto Y, et al. Microdosimetric measurements and estimation of human cell survival for heavy-ion beams. Radiat Res. 2006;166(4):629–638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellerer AM. Fundamentals of microdosimetry. In: Kase KR, Bjarngard BE, Attix FH, editors. The dosimetry of ionization radiation. Vol. I. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc.; 1985. pp. 77–162.
   Google Scholar
• Bertolet A, Cortés-Giraldo MA, Souris K, et al. Calculation of clinical dose distributions in proton therapy from microdosimetry. Med Phys. 2019;46(12):5816–5823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolet A, Baratto‐Roldán A, Cortés‐Giraldo MA, et al. Segment-averaged LET concept and analytical calculation from microdosimetric quantities in proton radiation therapy. Med Phys. 2019;46(9):4204–4214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolet A, Cortés‐Giraldo MA, Souris K, et al. A kernel‐based algorithm for the spectral fluence of clinical proton beams to calculate dose‐averaged LET and other dosimetric quantities of interest. Med Phys. 2020. DOI:10.1002/mp.14108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marzi S, Saracino B, Petrongari MG, et al. Modeling of α/β for late rectal toxicity from a randomized phase II study: conventional versus hypofractionated scheme for localized prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2009;28(1):1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner DJ, Martinez AA, Edmundson GK, et al. Direct evidence that prostate tumors show high sensitivity to fractionation (low α/β ratio), similar to late-responding normal tissue. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;52(1):6–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franco RD, Borzillo V, Ravo V, et al. Rectal/urinary toxicity after hypofractionated vs conventional radiotherapy in low/intermediate risk localized prostate cancer: systematic review and meta analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(10):17383–17395.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bertolet A, Cortés‐Giraldo MA, Carabe‐Fernandez A. Analysis of a new method to determine domain sizes to calculate RBE in proton therapy with the microdosimetric kinetic model using analytical calculations of dose-mean linear energy in a TPS. Phys Med Biol. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Butterworth KT, McGarry CK, Clasie B, et al. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and out-of-field cell survival responses to passive scattering and pencil beam scanning proton beam deliveries. Phys Med Biol. 2012;57(20):6671–6680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fager M, Toma-Dasu I, Kirk M, et al. Linear energy transfer painting with proton therapy: a means of reducing radiation doses with equivalent clinical effectiveness. Int J Radiat Oncol. 2015;91(5):1057–1064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carabe-Fernandez A, Bertolet A, Karagounis IV, et al. Is there a role for arcing techniques in proton therapy? BJR. 2020;93(1107):20190469.
   Google Scholar
• Bertolet A, Cortés-Giraldo MA, Carabe-Fernandez A. Proton Monoenergetic Arc Therapy (PMAT) to enhance LETd within the target. Phys Med Biol. 2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar