1,631
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLES: RADIATION THERAPY

Toxicity of internal mammary irradiation in breast cancer. Are concerns still justified in times of modern treatment techniques?

, ORCID Icon, , , , & show all
Pages 1201-1209 | Received 17 Mar 2020, Accepted 17 Jun 2020, Published online: 03 Jul 2020

References

  • Poortmans PM, Collette S, Kirkove C, et al. Internal mammary and medial supraclavicular irradiation in breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(4):317–327.
  • Whelan TJ, Olivotto IA, Parulekar WR, et al. Regional nodal irradiation in early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(4):307–316.
  • Stemmer SM, Rizel S, Hardan I, et al. The role of irradiation of the internal mammary lymph nodes in high-risk stage II to IIIA breast cancer patients after high-dose chemotherapy: a prospective sequential nonrandomized study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(14):2713–2718.
  • Thorsen LB, Offersen BV, Dano H, et al. DBCG-IMN: a population-based cohort study on the effect of internal mammary node irradiation in early node-positive breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(4):314–320.
  • Luo J, Jin K, Chen X, et al. Internal mammary node irradiation (IMNI) improves survival outcome for patients with clinical stage II–III breast cancer after preoperative systemic therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;103(4):895–904.
  • Hennequin C, Bossard N, Servagi-Vernat S, et al. Ten-year survival results of a randomized trial of irradiation of internal mammary nodes after mastectomy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013;86(5):860–866.
  • Haussmann J, Budach W, Tamaskovics B, et al. Which target volume should be considered when irradiating the regional nodes in breast cancer? Results of a network-meta-analysis. Radiat Oncol. 2019;14(1):102.
  • Recommendations 2020 [Internet]. Copenhagen (Denmark): AWOgyn; Diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary and metastatic breast cancer. 2020 [cited 2020 February]. Available from: www.ago-online.de
  • S3-Leitlinie Früherkennung, Diagnose, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms [Internet]. Berlin (Germany): Deutsche Krebgesellschaft; 2020 [cited 2018 September 15]. Available from: http://leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/Mammakarzinom.67.0.html
  • Borm KJ, Kessel K, Devecka M, et al. Variability in lymph node irradiation in patients with breast cancer-results from a multi-center survey in German-speaking countries. Strahlenther Onkol. 2020;196(1):15–22.
  • Ranger A, Dunlop A, Hutchinson K, et al. A dosimetric comparison of breast radiotherapy techniques to treat locoregional lymph nodes including the internal mammary chain. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2018;30(6):346–353.
  • Nissen HD, Appelt AL. Improved heart, lung and target dose with deep inspiration breath hold in a large clinical series of breast cancer patients. Radiother Oncol. 2013;106(1):28–32.
  • Lawler G, Leech M. Dose sparing potential of deep inspiration breath-hold technique for left breast cancer radiotherapy organs-at-risk. Anticancer Res. 2017;37(2):883–890.
  • Osman SO, Hol S, Poortmans PM, et al. Volumetric modulated arc therapy and breath-hold in image-guided locoregional left-sided breast irradiation. Radiother Oncol. 2014;112(1):17–22.
  • D Dodwell CT, McGale P, Coles C, et al. Regional lymph node irradiation in early stage breast cancer: an EBCTCG meta-analysis of 13,000 women in 14 trials. Cancer Res. 2019;79(4):GS4-02.
  • Duma M. Gated Radiotherapy in Left Sided Breast Cancer Patients (GATTUM). 2018. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03534570.
  • Offersen BV, Boersma LJ, Kirkove C, et al. ESTRO consensus guideline on target volume delineation for elective radiation therapy of early stage breast cancer, version 1.1. Radiother Oncol. 2016;118(1):205–208.
  • Duane F, Aznar MC, Bartlett F, et al. A cardiac contouring atlas for radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2017;122(3):416–422.
  • Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(11):987–1003.
  • Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P, et al. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(11):987–998.
  • van den Bogaard VA, Ta BD, van der Schaaf A, et al. Validation and modification of a prediction model for acute cardiac events in patients with breast cancer treated with radiotherapy based on three-dimensional dose distributions to cardiac substructures. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35(11):1171–1178.
  • Semenenko VA, Li XA. Lyman-Kutcher-Burman NTCP model parameters for radiation pneumonitis and xerostomia based on combined analysis of published clinical data. Phys Med Biol. 2008;53(3):737–755.
  • Appelt AL, Vogelius IR, Farr KP, et al. Towards individualized dose constraints: adjusting the QUANTEC radiation pneumonitis model for clinical risk factors. Acta Oncol. 2014;53(5):605–612.
  • Marks LB, Bentzen SM, Deasy JO, et al. Radiation dose-volume effects in the lung. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010;76(3):S70–S76.
  • Bach PB, Kattan MW, Thornquist MD, et al. Variations in lung cancer risk among smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(6):470–478.
  • Thun MJ, Henley SJ, Burns D, et al. Lung cancer death rates in lifelong nonsmokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006;98(10):691–699.
  • Clement-Duchene C, Stock S, Xu X, et al. Survival among never-smokers with lung cancer in the Cancer Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Study. Annals Ats. 2016;13(1):58–66.
  • Taylor C, Correa C, Duane FK, et al. Estimating the risks of breast cancer radiotherapy: evidence from modern radiation doses to the lungs and heart and from previous randomized trials. JCO. 2017;35(15):1641–1649.
  • Schneider U, Zwahlen D, Ross D, et al. Estimation of radiation-induced cancer from three-dimensional dose distributions: concept of organ equivalent dose. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005;61(5):1510–1515.
  • Chowdhury M, Euhus D, Arun B, et al. Validation of a personalized risk prediction model for contralateral breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;170(2):415–423.
  • Stovall M, Smith SA, Langholz BM, et al. Dose to the contralateral breast from radiotherapy and risk of second primary breast cancer in the WECARE study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008;72(4):1021–1030.
  • Boice JD, Jr., Harvey EB, Blettner M, et al. Cancer in the contralateral breast after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992;326(12):781–785.
  • Budach W, Kammers K, Boelke E, et al. Adjuvant radiotherapy of regional lymph nodes in breast cancer - a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Radiat Oncol. 2013;8:267.
  • Karpf D, Sakka M, Metzger M, et al. Left breast irradiation with tangential intensity modulated radiotherapy (t-IMRT) versus tangential volumetric modulated arc therapy (t-VMAT): trade-offs between secondary cancer induction risk and optimal target coverage. Radiat Oncol. 2019;14(1):156.
  • Stranzl H, Zurl B, Langsenlehner T, et al. Wide tangential fields including the internal mammary lymph nodes in patients with left-sided breast cancer. Influence of respiratory-controlled radiotherapy (4D-CT) on cardiac exposure. Strahlenther Onkol. 2009;185(3):155–160.
  • Thorsen LB, Thomsen MS, Berg M, et al. CT-planned internal mammary node radiotherapy in the DBCG-IMN study: benefit versus potentially harmful effects. Acta Oncol. 2014;53(8):1027–1034.
  • Remouchamps VM, Vicini FA, Sharpe MB, et al. Significant reductions in heart and lung doses using deep inspiration breath hold with active breathing control and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for patients treated with locoregional breast irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003;55(2):392–406.
  • Corradini S, Ballhausen H, Weingandt H, et al. Left-sided breast cancer and risks of secondary lung cancer and ischemic heart disease: effects of modern radiotherapy techniques. Strahlenther Onkol. 2018;194(3):196–205.
  • Nguyen MH, Lavilla M, Kim JN, et al. Cardiac sparing characteristics of internal mammary chain radiotherapy using deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast cancer. Radiat Oncol. 2018;13(1):103.
  • Simonetto C, Eidemuller M, Gaasch A, et al. Does deep inspiration breath-hold prolong life? Individual risk estimates of ischaemic heart disease after breast cancer radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol. 2019;131:202–207.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.