4,694
Views
42
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

‘Tiger mom, panda dad’: a study of contemporary Chinese parenting profiles

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 284-300 | Received 07 Mar 2017, Accepted 10 Apr 2017, Published online: 26 Apr 2017

References

  • Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43–88. doi: 10.1037/h0024919
  • Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting styles and adolescent development. The Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2, 746–758.
  • Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Bureau of Statistics of Shenzhen. (2016). Statistical communiqué of Shenzhen on the 2015 national economic and social development. Retrieved from Bureau of Statistics of Shenzhen website http://www.sztj.gov.cn/xxgk/tjsj/tjgb/201604/t20160426_3606261.htm
  • Cabrera, N. J., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bradley, R. H., Hofferth, S., & Lamb, M. E. (2000). Fatherhood in the twenty-first century. Child Development, 71, 127–136. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00126
  • Casas, J. F., Weigel, S. M., Crick, N. R., Ostrov, J. M., Woods, K. E., Yeh, E. A. J., & Huddleston-Casas, C. A. (2006). Early parenting and children's relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 209–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.02.003
  • Chan, S. M., Bowes, J., & Wyver, S. (2009). Chinese parenting in Hong Kong: links among goals, beliefs and styles. Early Child Development and Care, 179(7), 849–862. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430701536525
  • Chang, L., Chen, B., & Ji, L. (2011). Attributions and attitudes of mothers and fathers in China. Parenting: Science and Practices, 11, 102–115. doi: 10.1080/15295192.2011.585553
  • Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., & McBride-Chang, C. (2003). Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression. Journal of Family Psychology, 17, 598–606. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.17.4.598
  • Chao, R. K. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65(4), 1111–1119. doi: 10.2307/1131308
  • Chao, R. K. (2000). The parenting of immigrant Chinese and European American mothers: Relations between parenting styles, socialization goals, and parental practices. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21(2), 233–248. doi: 10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00037-4
  • Chao, R. K. (2001). Extending research on the consequences of parenting style for Chinese Americans and European Americans. Child Development, 72(6), 1832–1843. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00381
  • Chen, X., & Chen, H. (2010). Children's socioemotional functioning and adjustment in the changing chinese society. In R. K. Silbereisen, & X. Chen (Eds.), Social change and human development: Concept and results (pp. 209–226). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4135/9781446252161.n10
  • Chen, X., Dong, Q., & Zhou, H. (1997). Authoritative and Authoritarian Parenting Practices and Social and School Performance in Chinese Children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21(4), 855–873. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502597384703
  • Chen, X., Liu, M., Li, B., Cen, G., Chen, H., & Wang, L. (2000). Maternal authoritative and authoritarian attitudes and mother-child interactions and relationships in urban China. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(1), 119–126. doi: 10.1080/016502500383557
  • Chen, F. M., & Luster, T. (2002). Factors related to parenting practices in Taiwan. Early Child Development and Care, 172(5), 413–430. doi: 10.1080/03004430214549
  • Chen, J. J., Sun, P., & Yu, Z. (2015). A Comparative Study on Parenting of Preschool Children Between the Chinese in China and Chinese Immigrants in the United States. Journal of Family Issues, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X15619460
  • Chen, X., Wang, L., Chen, H., & Liu, M. (2002). Noncompliance and childrearing attitudes as predictors of aggressive behavior: A longitudinal study of Chinese children. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 26, 225–233. doi: 10.1080/01650250143000012
  • Chen, X., Wu, H., Chen, H., Wang, L., & Cen, G.. (2001). Parenting practices and aggressive behavior in Chinese children. Parenting, 1(3), 159–184. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0103_01
  • Chua, A. (2011). Battle hymn of the tiger mother. Bloomsbury.
  • Chuang, S. S., & Su, Y. (2009). Do we see eye to eye? Chinese mothers’ and fathers’ parenting beliefs and values for toddlers in Canada and China. Journal of Family Psychology, 23(3), 331–341. doi: 10.1037/a0016015
  • Coley, R. L., Lewin-Bizan, S., & Carrano, J. (2011). Does early paternal parenting promote low-income children’s long-term cognitive skills? Journal of Family Issues, 32(11), 1522–1542. doi: 10.1177/0192513X11402175
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Costigan, C. L., & Dokis, D. P. (2006). Relations between parent– child acculturation differences and adjustment within immigrant Chinese families. Child Development, 77, 1252–1267. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00932.x
  • Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
  • Frijns, T., Keijsers, L., Branje, S., & Meeus, W. (2010). What parents don’t know and how it may affect their children: Qualifying the disclosure–adjustment link. Journal of Adolescence, 33(2), 261–270. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.05.010
  • Fu, Y., Hou, X., Qin, Q., Meng, H., Xie, P., Huang, Y., & Li, T. (2013). Can parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ) be used in China? Psychology, 4(6), 535–540. doi: 10.4236/psych.2013.46076
  • Ho, D. Y. F. (1986). Chinese patterns of socialization: A critical review. In M. H. Bond (Ed.), The psychology of the Chinese people (pp. 1–35). New York, NY: Oxford Press.
  • Ho, D. Y. (1987). Fatherhood in Chinese culture. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The father’s role: Cross-cultural perspective (pp. 227–245). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Ho, G. W. (2014). Acculturation and its implications on parenting for Chinese immigrants a systematic review. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 145–158. doi: 10.1177/1043659613515720
  • Inman, A. G., Howard, E. E., Beaumont, R. L., & Walker, J. A. (2007). Cultural transmission: Influence of contextual factors in Asian Indian immigrant parents’ experiences. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 93–100. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.93
  • Johnson, B. M., Shulman, S., & Collins, W. A. (1991). Systemic patterns of parenting as reported by adolescents: Developmental differences and implications for psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Research, 6(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.1177/074355489162006
  • Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Özdemir, M. (2012). Perceived parenting style and adolescent adjustment: Revisiting directions of effects and the role of parental knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 48(6), 1540–1553. doi: 10.1037/a0027720
  • Kim, S. Y., Wang, Y., Orozco-Lapray, D., Shen, Y., & Murtuza, M. (2013). Does ‘tiger parenting’ exist? Parenting profiles of Chinese Americans and adolescent developmental outcomes. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 7–18. doi: 10.1037/a0030612
  • Lau, S., Lew, W. J. F., Hau, K.T., Cheung, P. C., & Berndt, T. J. (1990). Relations among perceived parental control, warmth, indulgence, and family harmony of Chinese in mainland China. Developmental Psychology, 26(4), 674–677. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.26.4.674
  • Lau, S., & Yeung, P. P. W. (1997). Understanding Chinese child development: The role of socialization. In Sing Lau (Ed.), Growing Up the Chinese Way: Chinese Child and Adolescent Development (pp. 29–44). Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
  • Lim, S. L., & Lim, B. K. (2004). Parenting style and child outcomes in Chinese and immigrant Chinese families: Current findings and cross-cultural considerations in conceptualization and research. Marriage and Family Review, 35(3–4), 21–43. doi: 10.1300/J002v35n03_03
  • Liu, J. H., Ng, S., Weatherall, A., & Loong, C. (2000). Filial piety, acculturation, and intergenerational communication among New Zealand Chinese. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 22(3), 213–223. doi: 10.1207/S15324834BASP2203_8
  • Locke, L. M., & Prinz, R. J. (2002). Measurement of parental discipline and nurturance. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(6), 895–929. doi: 10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00133-2
  • Lu, H. J., & Chang, L. (2013). Parenting and child socialization of only children in urban China: An example of authoritative parenting. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 174, 335–343. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2012.681325
  • Maccoby, E. E., & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen (Series Ed.) & E. M. Hetherington (Volume Ed.) (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Socialization, personality, and social development (4th ed., Vol. 4, pp. 1–101). New York, NY: Wiley.
  • McBride-Chang, C., & Chang, L. (1998). Adolescent-parent relations in Hong Kong: Parenting styles, emotional autonomy, and school achievement. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159(4), 421–436. doi: 10.1080/00221329809596162
  • McKinney, C., & Renk, K. (2008). Differential parenting between mothers and fathers: Implications for late adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 29(6), 806–827. doi: 10.1177/0192513X07311222
  • Nelson, L. J., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Christensen, K. J., Evans, C. A., & Carroll, J. S. (2011). Parenting in emerging adulthood: An examination of parenting clusters and correlates. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 730–743. doi: 10.1007/s10964-010-9584-8
  • Porter, C. L., Hart, C. H., Yang, C., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., Zeng, Q., … Jin, S. (2005). A comparative study of child temperament and parenting in Beijing, China and the Western United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 541–551. doi: 10.1177/01650250500147402
  • Quoss, B., & Zhao, W. (1995). Parenting styles and children’s satisfaction with parenting in China and the United States. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26, 265–280.
  • Rivers, J., Mullis, A. K., Fortner, L. A., & Mullis, R. L. (2012). Relationships between parenting styles and the academic performance of adolescents. Journal of Family Social Work, 15(3), 202–216. doi: 10.1080/10522158.2012.666644
  • Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (1995). Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting practices: Development of a new measure. Psychological Reports, 77(3), 819–830. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.819
  • Seidman, I. (2013). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (pp. 141–142). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
  • Synder, J. R. (1998). Marital conflict and child adjustment: What about gender? Developmental Review, 18, 390–420. doi: 10.1006/drev.1998.0469
  • Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (2004). Conceptualizing fathers’ roles: Playmates and more. Human Development, 47(4), 220–227. doi: 10.1159/000078724
  • Tamis-Lemonda, C., & Cabrera, N. J. (2002). Handbook of father involvement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Wilson, R. W. (1974). The moral state: A study of the political socialization of Chinese and American children. New York, NY: Free Press.
  • Xu, Y., Farver, J. A. M., Zhang, Z., Zeng, Q., Yu, L., & Cai, B. (2005). Mainland Chinese parenting styles and parent–child interaction. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 524–531.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.