References
- Kucharz EJ, Kovalenko V, Szanto S, et al. A review of glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis: why patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate should be differentiated from other glucosamines to maximize clinical outcomes. Curr Med Res Opin 2016;32:997-1004
- Chiusaroli R, Piepoli T, Zanelli T, et al. Experimental pharmacology of glucosamine sulfate. Int J Rheumatol 2011;2011:939265
- Taniguchi S, Ryu J, Seki M, et al. Long-term oral administration of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate reduces destruction of cartilage and up-regulation of MMP-3 mRNA in a model of spontaneous osteoarthritis in Hartley guinea pigs. J Orthop Res 2012;30:673-8
- Uitterlinden EJ, Jahr H, Koevoet JL, et al. Glucosamine decreases expression of anabolic and catabolic genes in human osteoarthritic cartilage explants. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006;14:250-7
- Setnikar I, Giacchetti C, Zanolo G. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in the dog and in man. Arzneimittelforschung 1986;36:729-35
- Persiani S, Roda E, Rovati LC, et al. Glucosamine oral bioavailability and plasma pharmacokinetics after increasing doses of crystalline glucosamine sulfate in man. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005;13:1041–9
- Altman RD. Glucosamine therapy for knee osteoarthritis: pharmacokinetic considerations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2009;2:359–71
- Eriksen P, Bartels EM, Altman RD, et al. Risk of bias and brand explain the observed inconsistency in trials on glucosamine for symptomatic relief of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014;66:1844–55