Benefits of long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B

References

• World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. Fact Sheet No. 204. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/#, July 2016
   Google Scholar
• Liaw YF. Antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B: opportunities and challenges in Asia. J Hepatol 2009;51:403-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis Br J Hepatol 2009;50:227-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lavanchy D. Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment, and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J Viral Hepat 2004;11:97-107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liaw YF, Chu CM. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 2009;373:582-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lok AS, McMahon BJ. Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009. Hepatology 2009;50:661-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. Vaccine 2012;30:2212-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li CZ, Hu JJ, Xue JY, et al. Viral infection parameters not nucleoside analogue itself correlates with host immunity in nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:9486-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu CJ, Kao JH. Global perspective on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B: role of hepatitis B virus genotypes A to J. Semin Liver Dis 2013;33:97-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Jia J. Update on epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in China. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28(Suppl 1):7-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Hou JL. Management of chronic hepatitis B: experience from China. J Viral Hepat 2010;17(Suppl 1):10-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia JD, Zhuang H. [The overview of the seminar on chronic hepatitis B]. Chin J Hepatol 2004;12:698-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Menéndez-Arias L, Alvarez M, Pacheco B. Nucleoside/nucleotide analog inhibitors of hepatitis B virus polymerase: mechanism of action and resistance. Curr Opin Virol 2014;8C:1-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al. Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B: a 2015 update. Hepatol Int 2016;10:1-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 2012;57:167-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung J, Lai CL, Seto WK, Yuen MF. Nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66:2715-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gish R, Jia JD, Locarnini S, Zoulim F. Selection of chronic hepatitis B therapy with high barrier to resistance. Lancet Infect Dis 2012;12:341-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma H, Jia J. Why do I treat HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with a nucleoside analogue? Liver Int 2013;33(Suppl 1):133-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chotiyaputta W, Hongthanakorn C, Oberhelman K, et al. Adherence to nucleos(t)ide analogues for chronic hepatitis B in clinical practice and correlation with virological breakthroughs. J Viral Hepat 2012;19:205-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie F, Yan L, Lu J, et al. Effects of nucleoside analogue on patients with chronic hepatitis B-associated liver failure: meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013;8:e54773
   Google Scholar
• Zhang QQ, An X, Liu YH, et al. Long-term nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy for adults with chronic hepatitis B reduces the risk of long-term complications: a meta-analysis. Virol J 2011;8:72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chotiyaputta W, Lok AS. Endpoints of hepatitis B treatment. J Viral Hepat 2010;17:675-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Su TH, Kao JH. Improving clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;9:141-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papatheodoridis GV, Chan HL, Hansen BE, et al. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: assessment and modification with current antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 2015;62:956-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SS, Hwang JC, Lim SG, et al. Effect of virological response to entecavir on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B viral cirrhotic patients: comparison between compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1223-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai MC, Yu HC, Hung CH, et al. Comparing the efficacy and clinical outcome of telbivudine and entecavir naive patients with hepatitis B virus-related compensated cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;29:568-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim YS, Han S, Heo NY, et al. Mortality, liver transplantation, and hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir vs lamivudine. Gastroenterology 2014;147:152-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MN, Kim SU, Kim BK, et al. Long-term changes of liver stiffness values assessed using transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir. Liver Int 2014;34:1216-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al. Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 2013;58:98-107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobashi H, Miyake Y, Ikeda F, et al. Long-term outcome and hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis patients after nucleoside analog treatment with entecavir or lamivudine. Hepatol Res 2011;41:405-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu CY, Lin JT, Ho HJ, et al. Association of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy with reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B – a nationwide cohort study. Gastroenterology 2014;147:143-51.e5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang TT, Liaw YF, Wu SS, et al. Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2010;52:886-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiff ER, Lee SS, Chao YC, et al. Long-term treatment with entecavir induces reversal of advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;9:274-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim SG, Aung MO, Mak B, et al. Clinical outcomes of lamivudine-adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011;45:818-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto Y, Suzuki F, Hirakawa M, et al. Clinical and virological effects of long-term (over 5 years) lamivudine therapy. J Med Virol 2010;82:684-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuen MF, Seto WK, Chow DH, et al. Long-term lamivudine therapy reduces the risk of long-term complications of chronic hepatitis B infection even in patients without advanced disease. Antivir Ther 2007;12:1295-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akuta N, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, et al. Favorable efficacy of long-term lamivudine therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B: an 8-year follow-up study. J Med Virol 2005;75:491-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto A, Tanaka E, Rokuhara A, et al. Efficacy of lamivudine for preventing hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B: a multicenter retrospective study of 2795 patients. Hepatol Res 2005;32:173-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miquel M, Núñez O, Trapero-Marugán M, et al. Efficacy and safety of entecavir and/or tenofovir in hepatitis B compensated and decompensated cirrhotic patients in clinical practice. Ann Hepatol 2013;12:205-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Köklü S, Tuna Y, Gülsen MT, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of lamivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir for treatment of hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:88-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcellin P, Gane E, Buti M, et al. Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study. Lancet 2013;381:468-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, et al. Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1743-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papatheodoridis GV, Dimou E, Dimakopoulos K, et al. Outcome of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B on long-term nucleos(t)ide analog therapy starting with lamivudine. Hepatology 2005;42:121-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Marco V, Marzano A, Lampertico P, et al. Clinical outcome of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in relation to virological response to lamivudine. Hepatology 2004;40:883-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaia S, Marzano A, Smedile A, et al. Four years of treatment with lamivudine: clinical and virological evaluations in HBe antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:281-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niro GA, Ippolito AM, Fontana R, et al. Long-term outcome of hepatitis B virus-related chronic hepatitis under protracted nucleos(t)ide analogues. J Viral Hepat 2013;20:502-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singal AK, Salameh H, Kuo YF, Fontana RJ. Meta-analysis: the impact of oral anti-viral agents on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;38:98-106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papatheodoridis GV, Lampertico P, Manolakopoulos S, Lok A. Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide therapy: a systematic review. J Hepatol 2010;53:348-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye XG, Su QM. Effects of entecavir and lamivudine for hepatitis B decompensated cirrhosis: meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:6665-78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong GL, Tse YK, Wong VW, et al. Long-term safety of oral nucleos(t)ide analogues for patients with chronic hepatitis B: a cohort study of 53,500 subjects. Hepatology 2015;62:684-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar