Patient and prescriber characteristics among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus continuing or discontinuing sulfonylureas following insulin initiation: data from a large commercial database

References

• Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, et al. National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. Lancet 2011;378:31-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogurtsova K, da Rocha Fernandes JD, Huang Y, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates for the prevalence of diabetes for 2015 and 2040. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017;128:40-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Diabetes Statistics Report: Estimates of Diabetes and Its Burden in the United States, 2014. In: (CDC) CfDC, editor. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2014;1-12
   Google Scholar
• Association AD. Living with diabetes [online]. March 3, 2015. Available online at: http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/medication/oral-medications/what-are-my-options.html
   Google Scholar
• Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a Scientific Statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:298-304
   Google Scholar
• Association AD. Approaches to glycemic treatment. Diabetes Care 2015;38:S41-S48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al. Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the Comprehensive Type 2 Diabetes Management Algorithm - 2017 Executive Summary. Endocr Pract 2017;23:207-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabunmi R, Nielsen LL, Quimbo R, et al. Patient characteristics, drug adherence patterns, and hypoglycemia costs for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiated on exenatide or insulin glargine. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:777-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rascati K, Richards K, Lopez D, et al. Progression to insulin for patients with diabetes mellitus on dual oral antidiabetic therapy using the US Department of Defense Database. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:901-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inzucchi SE, Tunceli K, Qiu Y, et al. Progression to insulin therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with sitagliptin or sulphonylurea plus metformin dual therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015;17:956-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Staa T, Abenhaim L, Monette J. Rates of hypoglycemia in users of sulfonylureas. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50:735-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yki-Jarvinen H, Ryysy L, Nikkila K, et al. Comparison of bedtime insulin regimens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:389-96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vos RC, van Avendonk MJ, Jansen H, et al. Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose-lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;9:CD006992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambling CE, Seidu SI, Davies MJ, et al. Older people with Type 2 diabetes, including those with chronic kidney disease or dementia, are commonly overtreated with sulfonylurea or insulin therapies. Diabet Med 2017;34(9):1219-1227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J, Insulin glargine study I. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2003;26:3080-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holman RR, Thorne KI, Farmer AJ, et al. Addition of biphasic, prandial, or basal insulin to oral therapy in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1716-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solberg LI, Engebretson KI, Sperl-Hillen JM, et al. Are claims data accurate enough to identify patients for performance measures or quality improvement? The case of diabetes, heart disease, and depression. Am J Med Qual 2006;21:238-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Southern DA, Roberts B, Edwards A, et al. Validity of administrative data claim-based methods for identifying individuals with diabetes at a population level. Can J Public Health 2010;101:61-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhong VW, Pfaff ER, Beavers DP, et al. Use of administrative and electronic health record data for development of automated algorithms for childhood diabetes case ascertainment and type classification: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Pediatr Diabetes 2014;15:573-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanes S. Validity of requring a minimum duration of post-index enrollment in retrospective database studies. Washington, DC: International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research; 2012
   Google Scholar
• Allison PD. Survival analysis using SAS: a practical guide. Cary, North Carolina 27513: SAS Publishing; 2007
   Google Scholar
• Kleinbaum DGK. Survival analysis: a self-learning text. Spring Street, New York, NY 10013: Springer; 2005
   Google Scholar
• McFarland MS, Knight TN, Brown A, et al. The continuation of oral medications with the initiation of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence. South Med J 2010;103:58-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito K, Ciotola M, Maiorino MI, et al. Addition of neutral protamine lispro insulin or insulin glargine to oral type 2 diabetes regimens for patients with suboptimal glycemic control: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:531-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalal MR, Grabner M, Bonine N, et al. Are patients on basal insulin attaining glycemic targets? Characteristics and goal achievement of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with basal insulin and physician-perceived barriers to achieving glycemic targets. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016;121:17-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar