Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporotic fractures in patients with and without HIV in the US Veteran’s Affairs Administration System

References

• The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies. Lancet 2008;372:293–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg RS, Heath KV, Yip B, et al. Improved survival among HIV-infected individuals following initiation of antiretroviral therapy. JAMA 1998;279:450–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miners A, Phillips A, Kreif N, et al. Health-related quality-of-life of people with HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral treatment: a cross-sectional comparison with the general population. Lancet HIV 2014;1:e32–e40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samji H, Cescon A, Hogg RS, et al. Closing the gap: Increases in life expectancy among treated HIV-positive individuals in the United States and Canada. PLoS One 2013;8:e81355
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S, et al. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53:1120–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertoldi A, De Crignis E, Miserocchi A, et al. HIV and kidney: a dangerous liaison. New Microbiol 2017;40:1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baynes HW, Tegene B, Gebremichael M, et al. Assessment of the effect of antiretroviral therapy on renal and liver functions among hiv-infected patients: A retrospective study. HIV/AIDS - Res Palliat Care 2017;9:1-7
   Google Scholar
• Campbell LJ, Ibrahim F, Fisher M, et al. Spectrum of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. HIV Med 2009;10:329–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flandre P, Pugliese P, Cuzin L, et al. Risk factors of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:1700–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow D, Shikuma C, Ritchings C, et al. Atazanavir and cardiovascular risk among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a systematic review. Infect Dis Ther 2016;5:473–89 doi:10.1007/s40121-016-0132-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutierrez J, Letícia A, Albuquerque A, et al. HIV infection as vascular risk: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis Study selection. PLoS One 2017;12:e0176686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nou E, Lo J, Grinspoon SK. Inflammation, immune activation, and cardiovascular disease in HIV. AIDS 2016;30(10):1495-509
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein MJ, Bahiru E, Achenbach C, et al. Patterns of Cardiovascular Mortality for HIV-infected adults in the United States: 1999 to 2013. Am J Cardiol 2016;117:214–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battalora LA, Young B, Overton ET. Bones, fractures, antiretroviral therapy and HIV. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2014;16:393
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triant VA, Brown TT, Lee H GS. Fracture prevalence among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected versus non-HIV-infected patients in a large U.S. healthcare system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:3499–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young B, Dao CN, Buchacz K, et al. Increased rates of bone fracture among HIV-infected persons in the HIV outpatient study (HOPS) compared with the US general population, 2000–2006. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:1061–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Womack JA, Goulet JL, Gibert C, et al. Physiologic frailty and fragility fracture in HIV-infected male veterans. Clin Infect Dis 2013;56:1498–504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ISC-10 administrative data. Med Care 2005;43:1130–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa F, Lodwick RK, Smith CJ, et al. Projected life expectancy of people with HIV according to timing of diagnosis. AIDS 2012;26:335–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ando M, Yanagisawa N. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management of chronic kidney disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. World J Nephrol 2015;4:388–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilbert JM, Fitch KV, Grinspoon SK. HIV-related cardiovascular disease, statins, and the REPRIEVE trial. Top Antivir Med 2015;23:146–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Veterans Affairs HIV/AIDS. VA HIV testing information for health care providers. Department of Veterans Affairs; 2016. Available at: https://www.hiv.va.gov/pdf/GetChecked-FactSheet-Provider.pdf [Last accessed July 1, 2017]
   Google Scholar
• Gupta SK, Eustace JA, Winston JA, et al. Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients: recommendations of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1559–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szczech LA, Hoover DR, Feldman JG, et al. Association between renal disease and outcomes among HIV-infected women receiving or not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39:1199–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi AI, Rodriguez RA, Bacchetti P, et al. The impact of HIV on chronic kidney disease outcomes. Kidney Int 2007;72:1380–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer MJ, Wyatt CM, Gordon K, et al. Hepatitis C and the risk of kidney disease and mortality in veterans with HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2010;53:222–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi C, Raboud J, Walmsley S, et al. Hepatitis C co-infection is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected patients initiating combination antiretroviral therapy. BMC Infect Dis 2017;17:246
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inker LA, Wyatt C, Creamer R, et al. Performance of creatinine and cystatin C GFR estimating equations in an HIV-positive population on antiretrovirals. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;61:302–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gagneux-Brunon A, Delanaye P, Maillard N, et al. Performance of creatinine and cystatin C-based glomerular filtration rate estimating equations in a European HIV-positive cohort. AIDS. 2013;27:1573–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna DB, Ramaswamy C, Kaplan RC, et al. Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality among persons with HIV in New York City, 2001–2012. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63:1122–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currier JS, Lundgren JD, Carr A, et al. Epidemiological evidence for cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected patients and relationship to highly active antiretroviral therapy. Circulation 2008;118(2):e29-35
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rotger M, Glass TR, Junier T, et al. Contribution of genetic background, traditional risk factors, and HIV-related factors to coronary artery disease events in HIV-positive persons. Clin Infect Dis 2013;57:112–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duprez DA, Neuhaus J, Kuller LH, et al. Inflammation, coagulation and cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected individuals. PLoS One 2012;7:e44454
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinspoon S, Carr A. Cardiovascular risk and body-fat abnormalities in HIV-infected adults. N Engl J Med 2005;352:48–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodger AJ, Lodwick R, Schechter M, et al. Mortality in well controlled HIV in the continuous antiretroviral therapy arms of the SMART and ESPRIT trials compared with the general population. AIDS 2013;27:973–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow FC, Regan S, Feske S, et al. Comparison of ischemic stroke incidence in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected patients in a US health care system. JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;60:351–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triant VA, Meigs JB, Grinspoon SK. Association of C-reactive protein and HIV infection with acute myocardial infarction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009;51:268–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butt AA, Chang C-C, Kuller L, et al. Risk of heart failure with human immunodeficiency virus in the absence of prior diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2011;171(8):737-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tseng ZH, Secemsky EA, Dowdy D, et al. Sudden cardiac death in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1891–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paisible A-L, Chang C-CH, So-Armah KA, et al. HIV infection, cardiovascular disease risk factor profile, and risk for acute myocardial infarction. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2015;68:209–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Van Sighem A, Kesselring A, et al. Episodes of HIV viremia and the risk of non-AIDS diseases in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;60:265–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso NE, Sheps DS, Cook RL. The association between alcohol use and cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV: a systematic review. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2015;41:479–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sadr WM, Lundgren JD, Neaton JD, et al. CD4+ count-guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment. N Engl J Med 2006;355:2283–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Squillace N, et al. Prevalence of secondary causes of osteoporosis among HIV-infected individuals. Antivir Ther 2006;11:L9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen AB, Gerstoft J, Kronborg G, et al. Incidence of low and high-energy fractures in persons with and without HIV infection: a Danish population-based cohort study. AIDS 2012;26:285–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Güerri-Fernandez R, Vestergaard P, Carbonell C, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. J Bone Miner Res 2013;28:1259–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prieto-Alhambra D, Güerri-Fernández R, De Vries F, et al. HIV infection and its association with an excess risk of clinical fractures and : a nation-wide case-control study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2014;66:90–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yin MT, Shi Q, Hoover DR, et al. Fracture incidence in HIV-infected women: results from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study. AIDS 2010;14:2679–86
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar