The evolution of opioid-related mortality and potential years of life lost in Spain from 2008 to 2017: differences between Spain and the United States

References

• Ballantyne JC. Opioids for the treatment of chronic pain. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1769–1778.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosetti C, Santucci C, Radrezza S, et al. Trends in the consumption of opioids for the treatment of severe pain in Europe, 1990–2016. Eur J Pain. 2019;23(4):697–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turmina Fontanella A, Goulart Molina-Bastos C, da Silva Dal Pizzol T, et al. Too much or too little opioid use? Eur J Pain. 2019;23(4):639–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhalla I, Persaud N, Juurlink D. Facing up to the prescription opioid crisis. Br Med J. 2011;343(1):d5142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia del Pozo J, Carvajal A, Viloria JM, et al. Trends in the consumption of opioid analgesics in Spain. Higher increases as fentanyl replaces morphine. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;64(4):411–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios. Utilización de medicamentos opioides en España durante el periodo 2008–2015. Madrid, Spain; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World drug report 2017. Vienna, Austria: United Nations publications; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn KM, Saunders KW, Rutter CM, et al. Overdose and prescribed opioids: Associations among chronic non-cancer pain patients. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(2):85–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, et al. Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities. JAMA. 2008;300(22):2613–2620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: overdoses of prescription opioid pain relievers-United States, 1999–2008. MMWR. 2011;60:1487–1492.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Florence CS, Zhou C, Luo F, et al. The economic burden of prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence in the United States, 2013. Med Care. 2016;54(10):901–906.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster F, Bremner S, Oosenbrug E, et al. From opiophobia to overprescribing: a critical scoping review of medical education training for chronic pain. Pain Med. 2017;18(8):1467–1475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes T, Mamdani MM, Dhalla IA, et al. The burden of premature opioid-related mortality. Addiction. 2014;109(9):1482–1488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer R, Patel AM, Rattana SK, et al. Prescription opioid abuse: a literature review of the clinical and economic burden in the United States. Popul. Health Manag. 2014;17(6):372–387.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse DC, Pearlman SH, Reed ML, et al. Opioid use and dependence among persons with migraine: results of the AMPP study. Headache. 2012;52(1):18–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdam-Marx C, Roland CL, Cleveland J, et al. Costs of opioid abuse and misuse determined from a Medicaid database. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2010;24(1):5–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cicero TJ, Wong G, Tian Y, et al. Co-morbidity and utilization of medical services by pain patients receiving opioid medications: data from an insurance claims database. Pain. 2009;144(1):20–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White AG, Birnbaum HG, Mareva MN, et al. Direct costs of opioid abuse in an insured population in the United States. J Manag Care Pharm. 2005;11(6):469–479.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gomes T, Tadrous M, Mamdani MM, et al. The burden of opioid-related mortality in the United States. JAMA Netw Open. 2018;1(2):e180217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon DH, Rassen JA, Glynn RJ, et al. The comparative safety of analgesics in older adults with arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(22):1968–1976.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rudd RA, Seth P, David F, et al. Increases in drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths – United States, 2010–2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(5051):1445–1452.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degenhardt L, Charlson F, Mathers B, et al. The global epidemiology and burden of opioid dependence: results from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Addiction. 2014;109(8):1320–1333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) [Internet]. Multiple cause of death 1999–2017. CDC WONDER Online Database, released 2018. Georgia; 2018 [cited 2019 Feb. 22]. Available from: http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html.
   Google Scholar
• Spanish National Statistics Institute. Official website of the Spanish National Statistics Institute [Internet]. Madrid; 2018 [cited 2019 Oct. 23]. Available from: http://www.ine.es/.
   Google Scholar
• Spanish National Statistics Institute. Statistics of deaths according to the cause of death. Methodology. [Internet]. Madrid; 2017 [cited 2019 Oct. 23]. Available from: https://www.ine.es/daco/daco42/sanitarias/metodologia_00.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). ICD-10: International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad O, Boschi-Pinto C, Lopez A, et al. Age standardization of rates: a new WHO standard. GPE Discussion Paper Series: No.31. 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones. Informe 2017: Alcohol, Tabaco y Drogas ilegales en España. 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplovitch E, Gomes T, Camacho X, et al. Sex differences in dose escalation and overdose death during chronic opioid therapy: a population-based cohort study. PLOS One. 2015;10(8):e0134550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chartoff EH, McHugh RK. Translational studies of sex differences in sensitivity to opioid addiction. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;41(1):383–384.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker JB, Mazure CM. The federal plan for health science and technology’s response to the opioid crisis: understanding sex and gender differences as part of the solution is overlooked. Biol Sex Differ. 2019;10(1):1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carew AM, Comiskey C. Treatment for opioid use and outcomes in older adults: a systematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;182:48–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs AA, Cangiano M. Medication-assisted treatment considerations for women with opiate addiction disorders. Prim Care. 2018;45(4):731–742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dueñas M, Salazar A, Ojeda B, et al. A nationwide study of chronic pain prevalence in the general spanish population: identifying clinical subgroups through cluster analysis. Pain Med. 2015;16(4):811–822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Sola H, Salazar A, Dueñas M, et al. Opioids in the treatment of pain. Beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes of the general Spanish population. Identification of subgroups through cluster analysis. J Pain Symptoms Manag. 2018;55(4):1095–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niesters M, Dahan A, Kest B, et al. Do sex differences exist in opioid analgesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis of human experimental and clinical studies. Pain. 2010;151(1):61–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes T, Juurlink DN, Antoniou T, et al. Gabapentin, opioids, and the risk of opioid-related death: a population-based nested case-control study. PLOS Med. 2017;14(10):e1002396.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roxburgh A, Hall WD, Dobbins T, et al. Trends in heroin and pharmaceutical opioid overdose deaths in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;179:291–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen Y, Shiels MS, Thomas D, et al. Premature mortality from drug overdoses: A comparative analysis of 13 organisation for economic co-operation and development member countries with high-quality death certificate data, 2001 to 2015. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170(5):352–354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar