References
- Andrews V, Thakar R, Sultan AH, et al. Evaluation of postpartum perineal pain and dyspareunia–a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2008;137(2):152–156.
- Eisenach JC, Pan PH, Smiley R, et al. Severity of acute pain after childbirth, but not type of delivery, predicts persistent pain and postpartum depression. Pain. 2008;140:87–94.
- Sayed Ahmed WA, Kishk EA, Farhan RI, et al. Female sexual function following different degrees of perineal tears. Int Urogynecol J. 2017;28(6):917–921.
- Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, et al. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ. 1994;308(6933):887–891.
- Sze EH. Prevalence and severity of anal incontinence in women with and without additional vaginal deliveries after a fourth-degree perineal laceration. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48:66–69.
- Booth JL, Harris LC, Eisenach JC, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing two multimodal analgesic techniques in patients predicted to have severe pain after cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2016;122(4):1114–1119.
- Gamez BH, Habib AS. Predicting severity of acute pain after cesarean delivery: a narrative review. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(5):1606–1614.
- Lavoie A, Toledo P. Multimodal postcesarean delivery analgesia. Clin Perinatol. 2013;40(3):443–455.
- Rosen MA, Hughes SC, Shnider SM, et al. Epidural morphine for the relief of postoperative pain after cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 1983;62(7):666–672.
- Goodman SR, Drachenberg AM, Johnson SA, et al. Decreased postpartum use of oral pain medication after a single dose of epidural morphine. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005;30:134–139.
- Macarthur AJ, Macarthur C. Incidence, severity, and determinants of perineal pain after vaginal delivery: a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(4):1199–1204.
- Peter EA, Janssen PA, Grange CS, et al. Ibuprofen versus acetaminophen with codeine for the relief of perineal pain after childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2001;165(9):1203–1209.
- Yonkeura ML, Petrone S, Turner JL, et al. Double-blind comparison of meclofenamate sodium with codeine and placebo for the pain of episiotomy. Clin Ther. 1987;9(6):578–584.
- Jacobson J, Bertilson SO. Analgesic efficacy of paracetamol/codeine and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene in pain after episiotomy and ruptures in connection with childbirth. J Int Med Res. 1987;15(2):89–95.
- Badreldin N, Grobman WA, Yee LM. Inpatient opioid use after vaginal delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018;219(6):608.e1–608.e7.
- Jarlenski M, Bodnar LM, Kim JY, et al. Filled prescriptions for opioids after vaginal delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;129(3):431–437.
- Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology. Anesthesiology. 2016;124:270–300.
- Macarthur A, Imarengiaye C, Tureanu L, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of epidural morphine analgesia after vaginal delivery. Anesth Analg. 2010;110:159–164.