Real food in enteral nutrition for chronically ill children: overview and practical clinical cases

References

• Gallagher K, Flint A, Mouzaki M, et al. Blenderized enteral nutrition diet study: feasibility, clinical, and microbiome outcomes of providing blenderized feeds through a gastric tube in a medically complex pediatric population. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2018;42(6):1046–1060.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homan M, Hauser B, Romano C, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children: an update to the ESPGHAN position paper. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2021;73(3):415–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lezo A, Capriati T, Spagnuolo MI, et al. Paediatric home artificial nutrition in Italy: report from 2016 survey on behalf of artificial nutrition network of Italian society for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition (SIGENP). Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrowsmith FE, Allen JR, Gaskin KJ, et al. Nutritional rehabilitation increases the resting energy expenditure of malnourished children with severe cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(2):170–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adamczyk P, Banaszak B, Szczepańska M, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy as a method of nutrition support in children with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(1):69–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrowsmith F, Allen J, Gaskin K, et al. The effect of gastrostomy tube feeding on body protein and bone mineralization in children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2010;52(11):1043–1047.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parbhoo DM, Tiedemann K, Catto-Smith AG. Clinical outcome after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children with malignancies. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011;56(7):1146–1148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano C, van Wynckel M, Hulst J, et al. European society for paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition guidelines for the evaluation and treatment of gastrointestinal and nutritional complications in children with neurological impairment. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65(2):242–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romano C, Dipasquale V, Gottrand F, et al. Gastrointestinal and nutritional issues in children with neurological disability. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018;60(9):892–896.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofner G, Behrens R, Koch A, et al. Enteral nutritional support by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Cardiol. 2000;21(4):341–346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley GM, Carson KA, Leonard AR, et al. Nutritional outcomes following gastrostomy in children with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012;47(8):743–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fung EB, Samson-Fang L, Stallings VA, et al. Feeding dysfunction is associated with poor growth and health status in children with cerebral palsy. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):361–373.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huysentruyt K, Geeraert F, Allemon H, et al. Nutritional red flags in children with cerebral palsy. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(2):548–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dipasquale V, Catena MA, Cardile S, et al. Standard polymeric formula tube feeding in neurologically impaired children: a five-year retrospective study. Nutrients. 2018;10(6):684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elia M, Engfer MB, Green CJ, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: the clinical and physiological effects of fibre-containing enteral formulae. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;27(2):120–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown B, Roehl K, Betz M. Enteral nutrition formula selection: current evidence and implications for practice. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(1):72–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escuro A. Blenderized tube feeding: suggested guidelines to clinicians. Practical Gastroenterology. 2014;38(12):58–66.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson TW, Spurlock A, Pierce L. Survey study assessing attitudes and experiences of pediatric registered dietitians regarding blended food by gastrostomy tube feeding. Nutr Clin Pract. 2015;30(3):402–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oparaji JA, Sferra T, Sankararaman S. Basics of blenderized tube feeds: a primer for pediatric primary care clinicians. Gastroenterology Res. 2019;12(3):111–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira MM, Santos VF, Bottoni A, et al. Nutritional and microbiological quality of commercial and homemade blenderized whole food enteral diets for home-based enteral nutritional therapy in adults. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(1):177–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boston M, Wile H. Caregivers' perceptions of real-food containing tube feeding: a Canadian survey. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2020;81(4):193–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton-Wood C, Saduera S, Falconer J, et al. 2019. To evaluate the acceptability (including gastrointestinal tolerance and compliance) of a paediatric enteral formula with ingredients derived from real food for children over 12 months of age. Abstract presented at ESPEN conference MON-LB699 Clinical Nutrition Vol. 38, Supplement 1, September 2019, S297–S322 S319.
   Google Scholar
• Samela K, Mokha J, Emerick K, et al. Transition to a tube feeding formula with real food ingredients in pediatric patients with intestinal failure. Nutr Clin Pract. 2017;32(2):277–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton-Wood C, Saduera S. Tolerance and acceptability of a new paediatric enteral tube feeding formula containing ingredients derived from food: a multicentre trial (in the United Kingdom). J Neonatol Clin Pediatr. 2020;7:050.
   Google Scholar
• O'Connor G, Watson M, Van Der Linde M, et al. Monitor gastrointestinal tolerance in children who have switched to an “enteral formula with food-derived ingredients”: a national, multicenter retrospective chart review (RICIMIX study). Nutr Clin Pract. 2021. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braegger C, Decsi T, Dias JA, et al. Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: a comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;51(1):110–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nouvenne A, Ticinesi A, Tana C, et al. Digestive disorders and intestinal microbiota. Acta Biomed. 2018;89(9-S):47–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Steensels S, Depoortere I. Chemoreceptors in the gut. Annu Rev Physiol. 2018;80:117–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams EK, Chang RB, Strochlic DE, et al. Sensory neurons that detect stretch and nutrients in the digestive system. Cell. 2016;166(1):209–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar