References
- New-type coronavirus causes pneumonia in Wuhan: expert – Xinhua | English.news.cn [Internet] [cited 2020 Mar 1]. Available from: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-01/09/c_138690570.htm
- De Vito A, Geremia N, Fiore V, et al. Clinical features, laboratory findings and predictors of death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Sardinia, Italy. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020;24:7861–7868.
- Geremia N, De Vito A, Gunnella S, et al. A case of vasculitis-like skin eruption associated with COVID-19. Infect Dis Clin Pract. 2020;28(6):e30–e31. [Mismatch
- De Vito A, Fiore V, Princic E, et al. Predictors of infection, symptoms development, and mortality in people with SARS-CoV-2 living in retirement nursing homes. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0248009.
- Zinellu A, Arru F, De Vito A, et al. The De Ritis ratio as prognostic biomarker of in‐hospital mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Eur J Clin Invest. 2020;51:e13427.
- Bavaro DF, Diella L, Fabrizio C, et al. Peculiar clinical presentation of COVID-19 and predictors of mortality in the elderly: a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;105:709–715.
- Vaira LA, De Vito A, Lechien JR, et al. New onset of smell and taste loss are common findings also in patients with symptomatic COVID-19 after complete vaccination. Laryngoscope. 2022;132(2):419–421.
- Dallocchio RN, Dessì A, Vito D, et al. G. Early combination treatment with existing HIV antivirals: an effective treatment for COVID-19? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021;25(5):2435–2448.
- Hippensteel JA, LaRiviere WB, Colbert JF, et al. Heparin as a therapy for COVID-19: current evidence and future possibilities. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020;319(2):L211–L217.
- Stone JH, Frigault MJ, Serling-Boyd NJ, et al. Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients hospitalized with covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2333–2344.
- Deeks ED. Casirivimab/imdevimab: first approval. Drugs. 2021;81(17):2047–2055.
- Singh AK, Singh A, Singh R, et al. Molnupiravir in COVID-19: a systematic review of literature. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(6):102329.
- De Vito A, Colpani A, Bitti A, et al. Safety and efficacy of molnupiravir in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: a real-life experience. J Med Virol. 2022;94(11):5582–5588.
- De Vito A, Saderi L, Fiore V, et al. Early treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin reduces mortality rate in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Panminerva Med. 2022. DOI:10.23736/S0031-0808.22.04572-4
- Di Castelnuovo A, Costanzo S, Antinori A, et al. Heparin in COVID-19 patients is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality: the multicenter Italian CORIST study. Thromb Haemost. 2021;121(8):1054–1065.
- Horby P, Lim W, Emberson J, et al. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(8):693–704.
- Ivan Hariyanto T, Kurniawan A. Tocilizumab administration is associated with the reduction in biomarkers of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J Med Virol. 2021;93(3):1832–1836.
- Mazzitelli M, Arrighi E, Serapide F, et al. Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):32–34.
- Balena F, Bavaro DF, Fabrizio C, et al. Tocilizumab and corticosteroids for COVID-19 treatment in elderly patients. JGG. 2020;68(4):197–203.
- Marconi VC, Ramanan AV, de Bono S, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(12):1407–1418.[34480861.
- Limen RY, Sedono R, Sugiarto A, et al. Janus kinase (JAK)-inhibitors and coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022;20(3):425–434. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14787210.2021.1982695
- Health National Istitute. COVID-19 treatment guidelines panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 Aug 8]. Available from: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/
- Hariyanto TI, Kwenandar F, Japar KV, et al. The effectiveness and safety of remdesivir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIA. 2021;19(3):333–340.
- Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 – final report. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1813–1826. Nov
- Spinner CD, Gottlieb RL, Criner GJ, et al. Effect of remdesivir vs standard care on clinical status at 11 days in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(11):1048–1057.
- Rezagholizadeh A, Khiali S, Sarbakhsh P, et al. Remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19; an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2021;897:173926.
- Olender SA, Perez KK, Go AS, et al. Remdesivir for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) versus a cohort receiving standard of care. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(11):e4166–e4174.
- Bansal V, Mahapure KS, Bhurwal A, et al. Mortality benefit of remdesivir in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2021;7:606429.
- Knight SR, Ho A, Pius R, et al. Risk stratification of patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: development and validation of the 4C mortality score. BMJ. 2020;370:m3339.
- Mussini C, Falcone M, Nozza S, et al. Therapeutic strategies for severe COVID-19: a position paper from the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases (SIMIT). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(3):389–395.
- WHO. Clinical management Clinical management Living guidance COVID-19. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization. 2021.
- Singh B, Ryan H, Kredo T, et al. Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;2(2):CD013587.
- Amani B, Khanijahani A, Amani B, et al. Lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;24:246–257.
- Arabi YM, Gordon AC, Derde LPG, et al. Lopinavir–ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine for critically ill patients with COVID-19: REMAP-CAP randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(8):867–886.
- Horby PW, Mafham M, Bell JL, et al. Lopinavir–ritonavir in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10259):1345–1352. www.recoverytrial.net
- Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020;30(3):269–271.
- Eastman RT, Roth JS, Brimacombe KR, et al. Remdesivir: a review of its discovery and development leading to emergency use authorization for treatment of COVID-19. ACS Cent Sci. 2020;6(5):672–683.
- de Wit E, Feldmann F, Cronin J, et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(12):6771–6776.
- Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10236):1569–1578.
- Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Syed NiH, et al. Remdesivir: a potential game-changer or just a myth? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Life Sci. 2021;264:118663.
- Al-Abdouh A, Bizanti A, Barbarawi M, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021;101:106272.
- Yokoyama Y, Briasoulis A, Takagi H, et al. Effect of remdesivir on patients with COVID-19: a network meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Virus Res. 2020;288:198137.
- Goldman JD, Lye DCB, Hui DS, et al. Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with severe covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1827–1837.
- Simioli F, Nicoletta C, Valentino MR, et al. Remdesivir in severe COVID-19 and non-invasive ventilation: a real-life experience. Healthc. 2021;9(9):1108.
- Poliseno M, Gallo C, Cibelli DC, et al. Efficacy and safety of remdesivir over two waves of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Antibiot. 2021;10(12):1477.