Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy for older patients at specialist outpatient clinics: a systematic review

References

• Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, et al. What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012;380(9836):37–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young EH, Pan S, Yap AG, et al. Polypharmacy prevalence in older adults seen in United States physician offices from 2009 to 2016. PLoS One. 2021;16(8):e0255642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan TK, Williamson M, Pirotta M, et al. A national census of medicines use: a 24-hour snapshot of australians aged 50 years and older. Med J Aust. 2012;196(1):50–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang TI, Park H, Dong Wook Kim DW, et al. Polypharmacy, hospitalization, and mortality risk: a nationwide cohort study. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jokanovic N, Tan EC, Dooley MJ, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in long-term care facilities: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(6):535.e1–535.12–535.12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muhlack DC, Hoppe LK, Weberpals J, et al. The association of potentially inappropriate medication at older age with cardiovascular events and overall mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(3):211–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez-Valencia M, Izquierdo M, Cesari M, et al. The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in older people: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;84(7):1432–1444.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wastesson JW, Morin L, Tan ECK, et al. An update on the clinical consequences of polypharmacy in older adults: a narrative review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018;17(12):1185–1196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson LJ, Kelley ET, Dhingra-Kumar N, et al. Medication without harm: WHO’s third global patient safety challenge. Lancet. 2017;389(10080):1680–1681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achterhof AB, Rozsnyai Z, Reeve E, et al. Potentially inappropriate medication and attitudes of older adults towards deprescribing. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0240463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okudur SK, Dokuzlar O, Aydin AE, et al. The evaluation of relationship between polypharmacy and anticholinergic burden scales. North Clin Istanb. 2021;8:139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies EA, O'Mahony MS. Adverse drug reactions in special populations – the elderly. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;80(4):796–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tommelein E, Mehuys E, Petrovic M, et al. Potentially inappropriate prescribing in community-dwelling older people across Europe: a systematic literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;71(12):1415–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalisch LM, Caughey GE, Barratt JD, et al. Prevalence of preventable medication-related hospitalizations in Australia: an opportunity to reduce harm. Int J Qual Health Care. 2012;24(3):239–249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dills H, Shah K, Messinger-Rapport B, et al. Deprescribing medications for chronic diseases management in primary care settings: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(11):923–935.e2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thio SL, Nam J, van Driel ML, et al. Effects of discontinuation of chronic medication in primary care: a systematic review of deprescribing trials. Br J Gen Pract. 2018;68(675):e663–e672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kua CH, Mak VSL, Huey Lee SW. Health outcomes of deprescribing interventions among older residents in nursing homes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;20(3):362–372.e11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Almutairi H, Stafford A, Etherton-Beer C, et al. Optimisation of medications used in residential aged care facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thillainadesan J, Gnjidic D, Green S, et al. Impact of deprescribing interventions in older hospitalised patients on prescribing and clinical outcomes: a systematic review of randomised trials. Drugs Aging. 2018;35(4):303–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomfield H, Linsky A, Bolduc J, et al. VA evidence-based synthesis program reports. In: deprescribing for older veterans: a systematic review. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2019.
   Google Scholar
• Cobretti MR, Page RL, Linnebur SA, et al. Medication regimen complexity in ambulatory older adults with heart failure. Clin Interv Aging. 2017;12:679–686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott RA, Woodward MC. Medication-related problems in patients referred to aged care and memory clinics at a tertiary care hospital. Australas J Ageing. 2011;30(3):124–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale G, Hajjar E, Swartz K, et al. Evaluation of a pharmacist-led medication assessment used to identify prevalence of and associations with polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among ambulatory senior adults with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(13):1453–1459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne JAC, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. Robins-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ammerman CA, Simpkins BA, Warman N, et al. Potentially inappropriate medications in older adults: deprescribing with a clinical pharmacist. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(1):115–118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmarajan TS, Choi H, Hossain N, et al. Deprescribing as a clinical improvement focus. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):355–360.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankfort SV, Tulner LR, van Campen JP, et al. Evaluation of pharmacotherapy in geriatric patients after performing complete geriatric assessment at a diagnostic day clinic. Clin. Drug Investig. 2006;26(3):169–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lampela P, Hartikainen S, Lavikainen P, et al. Effects of medication assessment as part of a comprehensive geriatric assessment on drug use over a 1-year period: a population-based intervention study. Drugs Aging. 2010;27(6):507–521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romskaug R, Skovlund E, Straand J, et al. Effect of clinical geriatric assessments and collaborative medication reviews by geriatrician and family physician for improving health-related quality of life in home-dwelling older patients receiving polypharmacy: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(2):181–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unutmaz GD, Soysal P, Tuven B, et al. Costs of medication in older patients: before and after comprehensive geriatric assessment. Clin Interv Aging. 2018;13:607–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei YJ, Hsieh CFH, Huang Y-T, et al. The influence of integrated geriatric outpatient clinics on the health care utilization of older people. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choukroun C, Leguelinel-Blache G, Roux-Marson C, et al. Impact of a pharmacist and geriatrician medication review on drug-related problems in older outpatients with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2021;12(1):57–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitman A, DeGregory K, Morris A, et al. Pharmacist-led medication assessment and deprescribing intervention for older adults with cancer and polypharmacy: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(12):4105–4113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George JS, Joseph R, Thomas ETA, et al. Active deprescribing program in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing haemodialysis. Nephrology. 2021;26(11):890–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre C, McQuillan R, Bell C, et al. Targeted deprescribing in an outpatient hemodialysis unit: a quality improvement study to decrease polypharmacy. Am J Kidney Dis. 2017;70(5):611–618.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross AJ, George J, Woodward MC, et al. Deprescribing potentially inappropriate medications in memory clinic patients (DePIMM): a feasibility study. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2020;16(10):1392–1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yates L, Valente M, Wadsworth C. Evaluation of pharmacist medication review service in an outpatient heart failure clinic. J Pharm Pract. 2020;33(6):820–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma MN, Huibers CJA, Drenth-van Maanen AC, et al. The effect of providing prescribing recommendations on appropriate prescribing: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial in older adults in a preoperative setting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2019;85(9):1974–1983.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aharaz A, Rasmussen JH, McNulty HBØ, et al. A collaborative deprescribing intervention in a subacute medical outpatient clinic: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Metabolites. 2021;11(4):204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett F, Shah N, Offord R, et al. Establishing a service to tackle problematic polypharmacy. Future Healthc J. 2020;7(3):208–211.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mudge A, Radnedge K, Kasper K, et al. Effects of a pilot multidisciplinary clinic for frequent attending elderly patients on deprescribing. Aust Health Rev. 2016;40(1):86–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rieg S, Wehling M. FORTA(fit-for-the-aged)-based medication optimization: retrospective analysis of experiences from an unconventional outpatient service. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;11(6):1035–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2019 Updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019;67(4):674–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher P, Ryan C, Byrne S, et al. STOPP (screening tool of older person’s prescriptions) and START (screening tool to alert doctors to right treatment) consensus validation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2008;46(2):72–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Samsa GP, et al. A method for assessing drug therapy appropriateness. J Clin Epidemiol. 1992;45(10):1045–1051.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crisp GD, Burkhart JI, Esserman DA, et al. Development and testing of a tool for assessing and resolving medication-related problems in older adults in an ambulatory care setting: the individualized medication assessment and planning (iMAP) tool. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2011;9(6):451–460.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wehling M, Burkhardt H, Kuhn-Thiel A, et al. VALFORTA: a randomised trial to validate the FORTA (fit for the aged) classification. Age Ageing. 2016;45(2):262–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitman AM, DeGregory KA, Morris AL, et al. A comprehensive look at polypharmacy and medication screening tools for the older cancer patient. Oncologist. 2016;21(6):723–730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim WS, Low HN, Chan SP, et al. Impact of a pharmacist consult clinic on a hospital-based geriatric outpatient clinic in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singap. 2004;33(2):220–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu Y-W, Teitelbaum I, Misra M, et al. Pill burden, adherence, hyperphosphatemia, and quality of life in maintenance dialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(6):1089–1096.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unlu O, Levitan EB, Reshetnyak E, et al. Polypharmacy in older adults hospitalized for heart failure. Circ Heart Fail. 2020;13(11):e006977.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed MR, Ramsdale E, Loh KP, et al. Associations of polypharmacy and inappropriate medications with adverse outcomes in older adults with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncologist. 2020;25(1):e94–e108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nightingale G, Hajjar E, Pizzi LT, et al. Implementing a pharmacist-led, individualized medication assessment and planning (iMAP) intervention to reduce medication related problems among older adults with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2017;8(4):296–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budnitz DS, Lovegrove MC, Shehab N, et al. Emergency hospitalizations for adverse drug events in older americans. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):2002–2012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duraisingham S, Jubraj B, Marvin V, et al. Stopping inappropriate medicines in the outpatient setting. Geriatr Med. 2015;45:35–41.
   Google Scholar
• Marvin V, Ward E, Poots AJ, et al. Deprescribing medicines in the acute setting to reduce the risk of falls. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2017;24(1):10–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nkansah N, Mostovetsky O, Christine Y, et al. “Effect of outpatient pharmacists” non‐dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;2010:CD000336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatwood J, Gatwood K, Gabre E, et al. Impact of clinical pharmacists in outpatient oncology practices: a review. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017;74(19):1549–1557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huiskes VJB, van den Ende CHM, Kruijtbosch M, et al. Effectiveness of medication review on the number of drug-related problems in patients visiting the outpatient cardiology clinic: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;86(1):50–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan D-C, Chen J-H, Wen C-J, et al. Effectiveness of the medication safety review clinics for older adults prescribed multiple medications. J Formos Med Assoc. 2014;113(2):106–113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson K, Stowasser D, Freeman C, et al. Prescriber barriers and enablers to minimising potentially inappropriate medications in adults: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. BMJ Open. 2014;4(12):e006544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vrijkorte E, de Vries J, Schaafsma R, et al. Optimising pharmacotherapy in older cancer patients with polypharmacy. Eur J Cancer Care. 2020;29(1):e13185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui RL, Chang CC, Niu F, et al. Evaluation of a pharmacist-managed antidiabetic deprescribing program in an integrated health care system. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2019;25(8):927–934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin AW, Heberle AP, Knight JM. Interventions associated with implementation of a pharmacist-led neurology pharmacotherapy clinic in an ambulatory care setting. J Am Coll Clin Pharm. 2019;2(2):116–122.
   Google Scholar
• Seden K, Bradley M, Miller ARO, et al. The clinical utility of HIV outpatient pharmacist prescreening to reduce medication error and assess adherence. Int J STD AIDS. 2013;24(3):237–241.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillespie U, Alassaad A, Henrohn D, et al. A comprehensive pharmacist intervention to reduce morbidity in patients 80 years or older: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(9):894–900.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chen TF. Pharmacist-led home medicines review and residential medication management review: the Australian model. Drugs Aging. 2016;33(3):199–204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vink J, Morton D, Ferreri S. Pharmacist identification of medication-related problems in the home care setting. Consult Pharm. 2011;26(7):477–484.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houlind MB, Andersen AL, Treldal C, et al. Zöllner ankarfeldt. JCM. 2020;9(2):348.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansson T, Abuzahra ME, Keller S, et al. Impact of strategies to reduce polypharmacy on clinically relevant endpoints: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;82(2):532–548.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ibrahim K, Cox NJ, Stevenson JM, et al. A systematic review of the evidence for deprescribing interventions among older people living with frailty. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar